{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-201.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-201.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-201.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-201.html"}],"law_id":65863,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65863,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-201","catch_line":"Powers and duties of regulatory boards","history":"1979, c. 408, \u00a7 54-1.28; 1983, c. 569; 1988, c. 765; 1993, c. 499; 2005, c. 383; 2012, c. 769; 2013, cc. 398, 486; 2023, cc. 100, 101.","full_text":"A\n\nThe powers and duties of regulatory boards shall be as follows:1\n\nTo establish the qualifications of applicants for certification or licensure by any such board, provided that all qualifications shall be necessary to ensure either competence or integrity to engage in such profession or occupation.2\n\nTo examine, or cause to be examined, the qualifications of each applicant for certification or licensure within its particular regulatory system, including when necessary the preparation, administration and grading of examinations.3\n\nTo certify or license qualified applicants as practitioners of the particular profession or occupation regulated by such board.4\n\nTo levy and collect fees for certification or licensure and renewal that are sufficient to cover all expenses for the administration and operation of the regulatory board and a proportionate share of the expenses of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and the Board for Professional and Occupational Regulation.5\n\nTo promulgate regulations in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) necessary to assure continued competency, to prevent deceptive or misleading practices by practitioners and to effectively administer the regulatory system administered by the regulatory board. The regulations shall not be in conflict with the purposes and intent of this chapter or of Chapters 1 (§ 54.1-100 et seq.) and 3 (§ 54.1-300 et seq.) of this title.6\n\nTo ensure that inspections are conducted relating to the practice of each practitioner certified or licensed by the regulatory board to ensure that the practitioner is conducting his practice in a competent manner and within the lawful regulations promulgated by the board.7\n\nTo place a regulant on probation or revoke, suspend or fail to renew a certificate or license for just causes as enumerated in regulations of the board. Conditions of probation may include, but not be limited to the successful completion of remedial education or examination.8\n\nTo receive complaints concerning the conduct of any regulant and to take appropriate disciplinary action if warranted.9\n\nTo provide a regulant subject to a disciplinary action with a notice advising the regulant of his right to be heard at an informal fact-finding conference pursuant to § 2.2-4019 of the Administrative Process Act. The notice shall state that if the regulant does not request an informal fact-finding conference within 30 days of receipt of the notice, the board may issue a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001, with judicial review of the case decision in accordance with § 2.2-4026. If the regulant asserts his right to be heard prior to the board issuing its case decision, the board shall remand the case to an informal fact-finding conference. The notice required by this subdivision shall be sent in a manner that allows for confirmation of delivery or, if agreed to by the parties, through electronic means, provided that the board retains sufficient proof of the electronic delivery, which may be an electronic receipt of delivery, a confirmation that the notice was sent by facsimile, or a certificate of service prepared by the sender confirming the electronic delivery.10\n\nTo promulgate canons of ethics under which the professional activities of regulants shall be conducted.B\n\nA regulant shall furnish, upon the request of a person to whom the regulant is providing or offering to provide service, satisfactory proof that the regulant (i) is duly licensed, certified, or registered under this subtitle and (ii) has obtained any required bond or insurance to engage in his profession or occupation.C\n\nAs used in this section, “regulant” means any person, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or any other legal entity required by this subtitle to be licensed, certified, or registered.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":239357,"text":"The powers and duties of regulatory boards shall be as follows:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":239358,"text":"To establish the qualifications of applicants for certification or licensure by any such board, provided that all qualifications shall be necessary to ensure either competence or integrity to engage in such profession or occupation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":239359,"text":"To examine, or cause to be examined, the qualifications of each applicant for certification or licensure within its particular regulatory system, including when necessary the preparation, administration and grading of examinations.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":239360,"text":"To certify or license qualified applicants as practitioners of the particular profession or occupation regulated by such board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":239361,"text":"To levy and collect fees for certification or licensure and renewal that are sufficient to cover all expenses for the administration and operation of the regulatory board and a proportionate share of the expenses of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and the Board for Professional and Occupational Regulation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":239362,"text":"To promulgate regulations in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) necessary to assure continued competency, to prevent deceptive or misleading practices by practitioners and to effectively administer the regulatory system administered by the regulatory board. The regulations shall not be in conflict with the purposes and intent of this chapter or of Chapters 1 (§ 54.1-100 et seq.) and 3 (§ 54.1-300 et seq.) of this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":239363,"text":"To ensure that inspections are conducted relating to the practice of each practitioner certified or licensed by the regulatory board to ensure that the practitioner is conducting his practice in a competent manner and within the lawful regulations promulgated by the board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"7":{"id":239364,"text":"To place a regulant on probation or revoke, suspend or fail to renew a certificate or license for just causes as enumerated in regulations of the board. Conditions of probation may include, but not be limited to the successful completion of remedial education or examination.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"A8"},"8":{"id":239365,"text":"To receive complaints concerning the conduct of any regulant and to take appropriate disciplinary action if warranted.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A8","prefix_anchor":"A8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"A9"},"9":{"id":239366,"text":"To provide a regulant subject to a disciplinary action with a notice advising the regulant of his right to be heard at an informal fact-finding conference pursuant to § 2.2-4019 of the Administrative Process Act. The notice shall state that if the regulant does not request an informal fact-finding conference within 30 days of receipt of the notice, the board may issue a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001, with judicial review of the case decision in accordance with § 2.2-4026. If the regulant asserts his right to be heard prior to the board issuing its case decision, the board shall remand the case to an informal fact-finding conference. The notice required by this subdivision shall be sent in a manner that allows for confirmation of delivery or, if agreed to by the parties, through electronic means, provided that the board retains sufficient proof of the electronic delivery, which may be an electronic receipt of delivery, a confirmation that the notice was sent by facsimile, or a certificate of service prepared by the sender confirming the electronic delivery.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"A9","prefix_anchor":"A9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A8","next_prefix":"A10"},"10":{"id":239367,"text":"To promulgate canons of ethics under which the professional activities of regulants shall be conducted.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"A10","prefix_anchor":"A10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A9","next_prefix":"B"},"11":{"id":239368,"text":"A regulant shall furnish, upon the request of a person to whom the regulant is providing or offering to provide service, satisfactory proof that the regulant (i) is duly licensed, certified, or registered under this subtitle and (ii) has obtained any required bond or insurance to engage in his profession or occupation.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A10","next_prefix":"C"},"12":{"id":239369,"text":"As used in this section, “regulant” means any person, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or any other legal entity required by this subtitle to be licensed, certified, or registered.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16104,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:06:08","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:06:08","permalink":{"id":239783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16104,"identifier":"2","token":"54.1\/II\/2","url":"\/54.1\/II\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74681,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-200","catch_line":"Composition of regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-200\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-200","metadata":false},{"id":65863,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-201","catch_line":"Powers and duties of regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-201\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-201","metadata":false},{"id":70393,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-201.1","catch_line":"Issuance of temporary licenses and certifications","url":"\/54.1-201.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-201.1","metadata":false},{"id":86442,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-202","catch_line":"Monetary penalty; delegation to Director of authority enter consent agreements","url":"\/54.1-202\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-202","metadata":false},{"id":78265,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-203","catch_line":"Recovery of cost after grant of formal fact-finding","url":"\/54.1-203\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-203","metadata":false},{"id":72754,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-204","catch_line":"Prior convictions not to abridge rights","url":"\/54.1-204\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-204","metadata":false},{"id":75202,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-204.1","catch_line":"Predetermination process for licensing eligibility","url":"\/54.1-204.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-204.1","metadata":false},{"id":78294,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-205","catch_line":"Universal license recognition","url":"\/54.1-205\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-205","metadata":false},{"id":63590,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-205.1","catch_line":"International licensure and certification; regulations","url":"\/54.1-205.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-205.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":74681,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-200","catch_line":"Composition of regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-200\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-200","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70393,"structure_id":16104,"section_number":"54.1-201.1","catch_line":"Issuance of temporary licenses and certifications","url":"\/54.1-201.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-201.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-201\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1979. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 408 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1979 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 7 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1983, chapter 569; in 1988, chapter 765; in 1993, chapter 499; in 2005, chapter 383<\/a>; in 2012, chapter 769<\/a>; in 2013, chapters 398<\/a> and 486<\/a>; in 2023, chapters 100<\/a> and 101<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":73647,"section_number":"54.1-1106","catch_line":"Application for Class A license; fees; examination; issuance","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1106\/"},{"id":66493,"section_number":"54.1-1108","catch_line":"Application for Class B license; fees; examination; issuance","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1108\/"},{"id":56186,"section_number":"54.1-1108.2","catch_line":"Application for Class C license; fees; issuance","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1108.2\/"},{"id":69362,"section_number":"54.1-1130","catch_line":"Application for licensure; fees; examinations; issuance; waiver of examination for water well systems providers","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1130\/"},{"id":76942,"section_number":"54.1-1132","catch_line":"Expiration and renewal of license or certificate","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1132\/"},{"id":76012,"section_number":"54.1-1141","catch_line":"Certification required; exemption","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1141\/"},{"id":68363,"section_number":"54.1-1802.1","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1802.1\/"},{"id":75397,"section_number":"54.1-2349","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2349\/"},{"id":78533,"section_number":"54.1-829.1","catch_line":"Sanctioning organization; amateur martial arts events","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-829.1\/"},{"id":82999,"section_number":"54.1-831","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-831\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":86911,"section_number":"2.2-4000","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4000\/"},{"id":83688,"section_number":"2.2-4001","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4001\/"},{"id":85983,"section_number":"2.2-4019","catch_line":"Informal fact finding proceedings","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4019\/"},{"id":76087,"section_number":"2.2-4026","catch_line":"Right, forms, venue; date of adoption or readoption for purposes of appeal","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4026\/"},{"id":66147,"section_number":"54.1-100","catch_line":"Regulations of professions and occupations","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-100\/"},{"id":68813,"section_number":"54.1-300","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-300\/"}],"permalink":{"id":239789,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65863,"identifier":"54.1-201","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-201","url":"\/54.1-201\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-201\/","token":"54.1\/II\/2\/54.1-201","dublin_core":{"Title":"Powers and duties of regulatory boards","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-201","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The powers and duties of regulatory boards shall be as follows: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> To establish the qualifications of applicants for certification or licensure by any such board, provided that all qualifications shall be necessary to ensure either competence or integrity to engage in such profession or occupation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> To examine, or cause to be examined, the qualifications of each applicant for certification or licensure within its particular regulatory system, including when necessary the preparation, administration and grading of examinations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> To certify or license qualified applicants as practitioners of the particular profession or occupation regulated by such board. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> To levy<\/span> and collect fees for certification or licensure and renewal that are sufficient to cover all expenses for the administration and operation of the regulatory board and a proportionate share of the expenses of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and the Board for Professional and Occupational Regulation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> To promulgate regulations in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000<\/a> et seq.) necessary to assure continued competency, to prevent deceptive or misleading practices by practitioners and to effectively administer the regulatory system administered by the regulatory board. The regulations shall not be in conflict with the purposes and intent<\/span> of this chapter or of Chapters 1 (§ 54.1-100<\/a> et seq.) and 3 (§ 54.1-300<\/a> et seq.) of this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> To ensure that inspections are conducted relating to the practice of each practitioner certified or licensed by the regulatory board to ensure that the practitioner is conducting his practice in a competent manner and within the lawful regulations promulgated by the board. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> To place a regulant<\/span> on probation<\/span> or revoke, suspend or fail to renew a certificate or license for just causes as enumerated in regulations of the board. Conditions of probation<\/span> may include, but not be limited to the successful completion of remedial education or examination. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> To receive complaints concerning the conduct of any regulant<\/span> and to take appropriate disciplinary action if warranted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> To provide a regulant<\/span> subject to a disciplinary action with a notice advising the regulant<\/span> of his right to be heard at an informal fact<\/span>-finding<\/span> conference pursuant to § 2.2-4019<\/a> of the Administrative Process Act. The notice shall state that if the regulant<\/span> does not request an informal fact<\/span>-finding<\/span> conference within 30 days of receipt of the notice, the board may issue<\/span> a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001<\/a>, with judicial review of the case decision in accordance with § 2.2-4026<\/a>. If the regulant<\/span> asserts his right to be heard prior to the board issuing its case decision, the board shall remand<\/span> the case to an informal fact<\/span>-finding<\/span> conference. The notice required by this subdivision shall be sent in a manner that allows for confirmation of delivery or, if agreed to by the parties, through electronic means, provided that the board retains sufficient proof of the electronic delivery, which may be an electronic receipt of delivery, a confirmation that the notice was sent by facsimile, or a certificate of service prepared by the sender confirming the electronic delivery. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> To promulgate canons of ethics under which the professional activities of regulants<\/span> shall be conducted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A regulant<\/span> shall furnish, upon the request of a person to whom the regulant<\/span> is providing or offering to provide service, satisfactory proof that the regulant<\/span> (i) is duly licensed, certified, or registered under this subtitle and (ii) has obtained any required bond<\/span> or insurance to engage in his profession or occupation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> As used in this section, “regulant<\/span>” means any person, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or any other legal entity required by this subtitle to be licensed, certified, or registered. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPOWERS AND DUTIES OF REGULATORY BOARDS (\u00a7 54.1-201)\n\nA. The powers and duties of regulatory boards shall be as follows:\n\n 1. To establish the qualifications of applicants for certification or\n licensure by any such board, provided that all qualifications shall be\n necessary to ensure either competence or integrity to engage in such\n profession or occupation.\n\n 2. To examine, or cause to be examined, the qualifications of each applicant\n for certification or licensure within its particular regulatory system,\n including when necessary the preparation, administration and grading of\n examinations.\n\n 3. To certify or license qualified applicants as practitioners of the\n particular profession or occupation regulated by such board.\n\n 4. To levy and collect fees for certification or licensure and renewal that\n are sufficient to cover all expenses for the administration and operation of\n the regulatory board and a proportionate share of the expenses of the\n Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and the Board for\n Professional and Occupational Regulation.\n\n 5. To promulgate regulations in accordance with the Administrative Process Act\n (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) necessary to assure continued competency, to prevent\n deceptive or misleading practices by practitioners and to effectively\n administer the regulatory system administered by the regulatory board. The\n regulations shall not be in conflict with the purposes and intent of this\n chapter or of Chapters 1 (§ 54.1-100 et seq.) and 3 (§ 54.1-300 et\n seq.) of this title.\n\n 6. To ensure that inspections are conducted relating to the practice of each\n practitioner certified or licensed by the regulatory board to ensure that the\n practitioner is conducting his practice in a competent manner and within the\n lawful regulations promulgated by the board.\n\n 7. To place a regulant on probation or revoke, suspend or fail to renew a\n certificate or license for just causes as enumerated in regulations of the\n board. Conditions of probation may include, but not be limited to the\n successful completion of remedial education or examination.\n\n 8. To receive complaints concerning the conduct of any regulant and to take\n appropriate disciplinary action if warranted.\n\n 9. To provide a regulant subject to a disciplinary action with a notice\n advising the regulant of his right to be heard at an informal fact-finding\n conference pursuant to § 2.2-4019 of the Administrative Process Act. The\n notice shall state that if the regulant does not request an informal\n fact-finding conference within 30 days of receipt of the notice, the board may\n issue a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001, with judicial review of\n the case decision in accordance with § 2.2-4026. If the regulant asserts\n his right to be heard prior to the board issuing its case decision, the board\n shall remand the case to an informal fact-finding conference. The notice\n required by this subdivision shall be sent in a manner that allows for\n confirmation of delivery or, if agreed to by the parties, through electronic\n means, provided that the board retains sufficient proof of the electronic\n delivery, which may be an electronic receipt of delivery, a confirmation that\n the notice was sent by facsimile, or a certificate of service prepared by the\n sender confirming the electronic delivery.\n\n 10. To promulgate canons of ethics under which the professional activities of\n regulants shall be conducted.\n\nB. A regulant shall furnish, upon the request of a person to whom the regulant\nis providing or offering to provide service, satisfactory proof that the\nregulant (i) is duly licensed, certified, or registered under this subtitle and\n(ii) has obtained any required bond or insurance to engage in his profession or\noccupation.\n\nC. As used in this section, “regulant” means any person, firm,\ncorporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or any other legal entity\nrequired by this subtitle to be licensed, certified, or registered.\n\nHISTORY: 1979, c. 408, \u00a7 54-1.28; 1983, c. 569; 1988, c. 765; 1993, c. 499;\n2005, c. 383; 2012, c. 769; 2013, cc. 398, 486; 2023, cc. 100, 101.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}