{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2100.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2100.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2100.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2100.html"}],"law_id":74059,"edition_id":1,"section_id":74059,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 54-730; 1974, c. 409; 1982, c. 440; 1984, c. 283; 1988, c. 765; 1996, c. 993; 2001, c. 548; 2007, c. 809; 2018, cc. 223, 224; 2024, cc. 327, 352, 459, 621.","full_text":"As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Branch office” means any place of business of a principal broker in the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business.\n\t\t“Distance learning” means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. Such courses shall be those offered by an accredited institution of higher education, high school offering adult distributive education courses, other school or educational institution, or real estate professional association or related entities.\n\t\t“Place of business” means a location where the principal broker, or individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent contractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real estate broker or salesperson. The primary place of business is the physical address provided on the firm license application form submitted to the Real Estate Board.\n\t\t“Real estate broker” means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in \u00a7 55.1-2100, or time-shares in a time-share program even though they may be deemed to be securities; (ii) leases or offers to lease, or rents or offers for rent, any real estate or the improvements thereon for others; or (iii) sells or offers to sell, buys or offers to buy, negotiates, or otherwise deals in real estate contracts, including assignable contracts, on two or more occasions in any 12-month period.\n\t\t“Real estate salesperson” means any individual or business entity who is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker to perform the duties of a real estate broker for compensation or valuable consideration.\n\t\t“Real estate team” means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name.\n\t\t“Supervising broker” means a real estate broker who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office or a real estate team.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":266369,"text":"As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Branch office” means any place of business of a principal broker in the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business.\n\t\t“Distance learning” means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. Such courses shall be those offered by an accredited institution of higher education, high school offering adult distributive education courses, other school or educational institution, or real estate professional association or related entities.\n\t\t“Place of business” means a location where the principal broker, or individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent contractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real estate broker or salesperson. The primary place of business is the physical address provided on the firm license application form submitted to the Real Estate Board.\n\t\t“Real estate broker” means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in \u00a7 55.1-2100, or time-shares in a time-share program even though they may be deemed to be securities; (ii) leases or offers to lease, or rents or offers for rent, any real estate or the improvements thereon for others; or (iii) sells or offers to sell, buys or offers to buy, negotiates, or otherwise deals in real estate contracts, including assignable contracts, on two or more occasions in any 12-month period.\n\t\t“Real estate salesperson” means any individual or business entity who is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker to perform the duties of a real estate broker for compensation or valuable consideration.\n\t\t“Real estate team” means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name.\n\t\t“Supervising broker” means a real estate broker who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office or a real estate team.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":12757,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulation of Real Estate Brokers, Salespersons and Rental Location Agents","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12756,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239913,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12757,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1","url":"\/54.1\/II\/21\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12756,"edition_id":1,"name":"Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents","identifier":"21","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239911,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12756,"identifier":"21","token":"54.1\/II\/21","url":"\/54.1\/II\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74059,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2100\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2100","metadata":false},{"id":62721,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2101","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2101\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2101","metadata":false},{"id":84706,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2101.1","catch_line":"Preparation of real estate contracts by real estate licensees; translation","url":"\/54.1-2101.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2101.1","metadata":false},{"id":64271,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2102","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2102\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2102","metadata":false},{"id":73865,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2103","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter","url":"\/54.1-2103\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2103","metadata":false},{"id":75416,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2104","catch_line":"Real Estate Board; membership; chairman; seal","url":"\/54.1-2104\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2104","metadata":false},{"id":57299,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105","catch_line":"General powers of Real Estate Board; regulations; educational and experience requirements for licensure","url":"\/54.1-2105\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105","metadata":false},{"id":54159,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.01","catch_line":"Educational requirements for all salespersons within one year of licensure","url":"\/54.1-2105.01\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.01","metadata":false},{"id":74762,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.02","catch_line":"Regulation of real estate education providers and courses","url":"\/54.1-2105.02\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.02","metadata":false},{"id":84187,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.03","catch_line":"Continuing education; relicensure of brokers and salespersons","url":"\/54.1-2105.03\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.03","metadata":false},{"id":72873,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.04","catch_line":"Education requirements; reactivation of licenses; waiver","url":"\/54.1-2105.04\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.04","metadata":false},{"id":72851,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.1","catch_line":"Other powers and duties of the Real Estate Board","url":"\/54.1-2105.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.1","metadata":false},{"id":60480,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2105.2","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders for unlicensed activity; civil penalty","url":"\/54.1-2105.2\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2105.2","metadata":false},{"id":57996,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2106","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2106\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2106","metadata":false},{"id":65670,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2106.1","catch_line":"Licenses required","url":"\/54.1-2106.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2106.1","metadata":false},{"id":53952,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2106.2","catch_line":"Certification of audit on renewal of firm or sole proprietorship license","url":"\/54.1-2106.2\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2106.2","metadata":false},{"id":79185,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2107","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2107\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2107","metadata":false},{"id":86701,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2108","catch_line":"Protection of escrow funds, etc., held by broker","url":"\/54.1-2108\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2108","metadata":false},{"id":65659,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2108.1","catch_line":"Protection of escrow funds, etc., held by a real estate broker in the event of foreclosure of real property; required deposits","url":"\/54.1-2108.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2108.1","metadata":false},{"id":57978,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2108.2","catch_line":"Protection of escrow funds, etc., held by a real estate broker in the event of termination of a real estate purchase contract","url":"\/54.1-2108.2\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2108.2","metadata":false},{"id":81601,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2109","catch_line":"Death or disability of a real estate broker","url":"\/54.1-2109\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2109","metadata":false},{"id":54153,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2110","catch_line":"Resident broker to maintain place of business in Virginia","url":"\/54.1-2110\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2110","metadata":false},{"id":67502,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2110.1","catch_line":"Duties of supervising broker","url":"\/54.1-2110.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2110.1","metadata":false},{"id":61962,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2111","catch_line":"Consent to suits and service of process by nonresidents; manner of service","url":"\/54.1-2111\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2111","metadata":false},{"id":55700,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2111.1","catch_line":"Voluntary compliance program; real estate brokers","url":"\/54.1-2111.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2111.1","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":62721,"structure_id":12757,"section_number":"54.1-2101","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2101\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2101","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2100\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 9 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1974, chapter 409; in 1982, chapter 440; in 1984, chapter 283; in 1988, chapter 765; in 1996, chapter 993<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 548<\/a>; in 2007, chapter 809<\/a>; in 2018, chapters 223<\/a> and 224<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 327<\/a>, 352<\/a>, 459<\/a>, and 621<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":70794,"section_number":"11-2","catch_line":"When written evidence required to maintain action","order_by":null,"url":"\/11-2\/"},{"id":66597,"section_number":"15.2-2305","catch_line":"Affordable dwelling unit ordinances","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2305\/"},{"id":80463,"section_number":"15.2-4917","catch_line":"Facility sites","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-4917\/"},{"id":69017,"section_number":"32.1-164.1:1","catch_line":"Validity of certain septic tank permits","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-164.1_1\/"},{"id":71220,"section_number":"36-96.20","catch_line":"Additional powers of the Real Estate Board; action on real estate licenses","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-96.20\/"},{"id":59105,"section_number":"38.2-2609","catch_line":"Qualifications of agents","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-2609\/"},{"id":83222,"section_number":"38.2-3521.1","catch_line":"Group accident and sickness insurance definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-3521.1\/"},{"id":63180,"section_number":"54.1-2021","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2021\/"},{"id":73865,"section_number":"54.1-2103","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2103\/"},{"id":55353,"section_number":"54.1-2130","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2130\/"},{"id":67517,"section_number":"54.1-2344","catch_line":"Fair Housing Board; membership; terms; chairman; powers and duties","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2344\/"},{"id":75397,"section_number":"54.1-2349","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2349\/"},{"id":80642,"section_number":"55.1-1000","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1000\/"},{"id":83132,"section_number":"55.1-1001","catch_line":"Limitation on applicability of chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1001\/"},{"id":77232,"section_number":"55.1-1003","catch_line":"Persons who may act as a settlement agent","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1003\/"},{"id":67680,"section_number":"55.1-1209.1","catch_line":"Employees of the landlord; rental dwelling unit keys and electronic key codes; policies and procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1209.1\/"},{"id":72273,"section_number":"55.1-3001","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-3001\/"},{"id":78097,"section_number":"58.1-602","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-602\/"},{"id":69020,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-199\/"},{"id":82977,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-200\/"},{"id":62570,"section_number":"6.2-1001","catch_line":"Entities authorized to engage in trust business","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-1001\/"},{"id":80723,"section_number":"6.2-1616","catch_line":"Other prohibitions applicable to mortgage brokers","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-1616\/"},{"id":64232,"section_number":"6.2-1617","catch_line":"Application to certain real estate brokers","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-1617\/"},{"id":58014,"section_number":"6.2-803","catch_line":"Entities authorized to engage in banking business","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-803\/"},{"id":69740,"section_number":"6.2-888","catch_line":"Real estate brokerage business of controlled subsidiary","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-888\/"},{"id":54032,"section_number":"60.2-212","catch_line":"Employment","order_by":null,"url":"\/60.2-212\/"},{"id":79443,"section_number":"8.01-226.7","catch_line":"Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-226.7\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":58909,"section_number":"55.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2100\/"}],"permalink":{"id":239915,"object_type":"law","relational_id":74059,"identifier":"54.1-2100","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2100","url":"\/54.1-2100\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2100\/","token":"54.1\/II\/21\/1\/54.1-2100","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2100","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Branch office<\/span>” means any place of business<\/span> of a principal broker in the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business<\/span>.\n\t\t“Distance learning<\/span>” means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. Such courses shall be those offered by an accredited institution of higher education, high school offering adult distributive education courses, other school or educational institution, or real estate professional association or related entities.\n\t\t“Place of business<\/span>” means a location where the principal broker, or individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent contractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real estate broker<\/span> or salesperson. The primary place of business<\/span> is the physical address provided on the firm license application form submitted to the Real Estate Board.\n\t\t“Real estate broker<\/span>” means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in \u00a7 55.1-2100<\/a>, or time-shares in a time-share program even though they may be deemed to be securities; (ii) leases or offers to lease, or rents or offers for rent, any real estate or the improvements thereon for others; or (iii) sells or offers to sell, buys or offers to buy, negotiates, or otherwise deals in real estate contracts<\/span>, including assignable contracts<\/span>, on two or more occasions in any 12-month period.\n\t\t“Real estate salesperson<\/span>” means any individual or business entity who is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker<\/span> to perform the duties of a real estate broker<\/span> for compensation or valuable consideration.\n\t\t“Real estate team<\/span>” means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson<\/span> or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name.\n\t\t“Supervising broker<\/span>” means a real estate broker<\/span> who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office<\/span> or a real estate team<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 54.1-2100)\n\nAs used in this chapter:\n\t\t“Branch office” means any place of business of a principal broker\nin the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business.\n\t\t“Distance learning” means instruction delivered by an approved\nprovider through a medium other than a classroom setting. Such courses shall be\nthose offered by an accredited institution of higher education, high school\noffering adult distributive education courses, other school or educational\ninstitution, or real estate professional association or related entities.\n\t\t“Place of business” means a location where the principal broker,\nor individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent\ncontractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real\nestate broker or salesperson. The primary place of business is the physical\naddress provided on the firm license application form submitted to the Real\nEstate Board.\n\t\t“Real estate broker” means any individual or business entity,\nincluding a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company,\nwho, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale,\nbuys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real\nestate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as\ndefined in \u00a7 55.1-2100, or time-shares in a time-share program even though they\nmay be deemed to be securities; (ii) leases or offers to lease, or rents or\noffers for rent, any real estate or the improvements thereon for others; or\n(iii) sells or offers to sell, buys or offers to buy, negotiates, or otherwise\ndeals in real estate contracts, including assignable contracts, on two or more\noccasions in any 12-month period.\n\t\t“Real estate salesperson” means any individual or business entity\nwho is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an\nindependent contractor with, a real estate broker to perform the duties of a\nreal estate broker for compensation or valuable consideration.\n\t\t“Real estate team” means two or more individuals, one or more of\nwhom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit\nwithin the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as\nworking together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious\nname.\n\t\t“Supervising broker” means a real estate broker who has been\ndesignated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate\nbrokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch\noffice or a real estate team.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 54-730; 1974, c. 409; 1982, c. 440; 1984, c. 283; 1988,\nc. 765; 1996, c. 993; 2001, c. 548; 2007, c. 809; 2018, cc. 223, 224; 2024, cc.\n327, 352, 459, 621.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}