{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2342.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2342.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2342.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2342.html"}],"law_id":54676,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54676,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2342","catch_line":"Penalties","history":"1998, cc. 708, 721; 2005, c. 691.","full_text":"Any person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to the sanctions provided in Chapter 1 (\u00a7 54.1-100 et seq.) and Chapter 2 (\u00a7 54.1-200 et seq.) and in \u00a7\u00a7 54.1-2314, 54.1-2317, and 54.1-2326. Any person who is convicted of willfully violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Any person convicted of violating, or failing to comply with, any of the provisions of \u00a7 54.1-2317, 54.1-2319, 54.1-2321, 54.1-2322, 54.1-2325 or 54.1-2326 with the intent to defraud is guilty of a Class 6 felony.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;person&#8221; includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, instrumentality, officer or employee thereof.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":200742,"text":"Any person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to the sanctions provided in Chapter 1 (\u00a7 54.1-100 et seq.) and Chapter 2 (\u00a7 54.1-200 et seq.) and in \u00a7\u00a7 54.1-2314, 54.1-2317, and 54.1-2326. Any person who is convicted of willfully violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Any person convicted of violating, or failing to comply with, any of the provisions of \u00a7 54.1-2317, 54.1-2319, 54.1-2321, 54.1-2322, 54.1-2325 or 54.1-2326 with the intent to defraud is guilty of a Class 6 felony.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;person&#8221; includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, instrumentality, officer or employee thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13695,"edition_id":1,"name":"Cemetery Operators, Perpetual Care Trust Funds and Preneed Burial Contracts","identifier":"23.1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:35","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:35","permalink":{"id":240255,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13695,"identifier":"23.1","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61603,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2310","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2310\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2310","metadata":false},{"id":72586,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2311","catch_line":"Cemetery operators required to be licensed by the Board","url":"\/54.1-2311\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2311","metadata":false},{"id":81993,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2312","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/54.1-2312\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2312","metadata":false},{"id":85224,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2312.01","catch_line":"Special interments; definitions; regulations by Board","url":"\/54.1-2312.01\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2312.01","metadata":false},{"id":81764,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2312.1","catch_line":"Resale of interment right; conditions for resale transaction; contents of transfer form; approval by cemetery company","url":"\/54.1-2312.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2312.1","metadata":false},{"id":78987,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2312.2","catch_line":"Resale of interment right by certain churches and religious organizations","url":"\/54.1-2312.2\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2312.2","metadata":false},{"id":76163,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2313","catch_line":"Board; appointment; terms; vacancies; meetings; quorum; other powers; regulations","url":"\/54.1-2313\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2313","metadata":false},{"id":56354,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2313.1","catch_line":"Protection of preneed burial and perpetual care trust funds; operation of cemetery company; appointment of receiver","url":"\/54.1-2313.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2313.1","metadata":false},{"id":59048,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2314","catch_line":"Refusal, suspension or revocation of license or registration","url":"\/54.1-2314\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2314","metadata":false},{"id":68604,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2315","catch_line":"Other prohibited activities","url":"\/54.1-2315\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2315","metadata":false},{"id":68252,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2316","catch_line":"Certain representations unlawful; perpetual care trust fund required","url":"\/54.1-2316\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2316","metadata":false},{"id":77982,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2317","catch_line":"Who may serve as trustee of perpetual care trust fund","url":"\/54.1-2317\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2317","metadata":false},{"id":66009,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2318","catch_line":"Application of Part A (\u00a7 64.2-1200 et seq.) of Subtitle IV of Title 64.2","url":"\/54.1-2318\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2318","metadata":false},{"id":84608,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2319","catch_line":"Deposit in perpetual care trust fund required upon sale of graves, etc","url":"\/54.1-2319\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2319","metadata":false},{"id":69258,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2320","catch_line":"Additional deposit not required upon subsequent sale of same grave, crypt or niche","url":"\/54.1-2320\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2320","metadata":false},{"id":56252,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2321","catch_line":"Recovery of original perpetual care trust fund deposit","url":"\/54.1-2321\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2321","metadata":false},{"id":68822,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2322","catch_line":"Use of income from perpetual care trust fund; distributions","url":"\/54.1-2322\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2322","metadata":false},{"id":82665,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2323","catch_line":"Financial records required","url":"\/54.1-2323\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2323","metadata":false},{"id":77504,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2324","catch_line":"Financial report and report of independent certified public accountant required for perpetual care trust funds","url":"\/54.1-2324\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2324","metadata":false},{"id":78778,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2325","catch_line":"Deposit in preneed trust required upon sale of property or services not to be delivered within 120 days","url":"\/54.1-2325\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2325","metadata":false},{"id":81056,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2326","catch_line":"Who may serve as trustee of preneed trust fund","url":"\/54.1-2326\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2326","metadata":false},{"id":75693,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2327","catch_line":"Itemized statement and general price list of burial fees to be furnished; solicitations prohibited","url":"\/54.1-2327\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2327","metadata":false},{"id":65840,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2328","catch_line":"Requirements of preneed burial contracts","url":"\/54.1-2328\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2328","metadata":false},{"id":80895,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2329","catch_line":"Identification of specific funds","url":"\/54.1-2329\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2329","metadata":false},{"id":80662,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2330","catch_line":"Specific funds and income to remain in preneed trust account; exception","url":"\/54.1-2330\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2330","metadata":false},{"id":54782,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2331","catch_line":"Disbursement of trust funds upon performance of contract","url":"\/54.1-2331\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2331","metadata":false},{"id":66596,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2332","catch_line":"Seller required to keep records","url":"\/54.1-2332\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2332","metadata":false},{"id":58614,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2333","catch_line":"Financial report and report of independent certified public accountant required for preneed trust accounts","url":"\/54.1-2333\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2333","metadata":false},{"id":69291,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2334","catch_line":"Inclusion of property and services to be delivered within 120 days","url":"\/54.1-2334\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2334","metadata":false},{"id":75017,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2335","catch_line":"Breach of contract by seller; trust to be single purpose trust","url":"\/54.1-2335\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2335","metadata":false},{"id":74745,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2336","catch_line":"Trustee may rely on certifications and affidavits","url":"\/54.1-2336\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2336","metadata":false},{"id":70137,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2337","catch_line":"Transfer of trust funds to another trustee","url":"\/54.1-2337\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2337","metadata":false},{"id":55080,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2338","catch_line":"Use of trustee's name in advertisements","url":"\/54.1-2338\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2338","metadata":false},{"id":70915,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2339","catch_line":"Construction and development of mausoleums and garden crypts","url":"\/54.1-2339\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2339","metadata":false},{"id":63571,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2340","catch_line":"Waiver of chapter void","url":"\/54.1-2340\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2340","metadata":false},{"id":77379,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2341","catch_line":"Exemption from levy, garnishment and distress","url":"\/54.1-2341\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2341","metadata":false},{"id":54676,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2342","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/54.1-2342\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2342","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77379,"structure_id":13695,"section_number":"54.1-2341","catch_line":"Exemption from levy, garnishment and distress","url":"\/54.1-2341\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2341","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2342\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1998. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0708\">708<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0721\">721<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2005, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0691\">691<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":66147,"section_number":"54.1-100","catch_line":"Regulations of professions and occupations","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-100\/"},{"id":74681,"section_number":"54.1-200","catch_line":"Composition of regulatory boards","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-200\/"},{"id":59048,"section_number":"54.1-2314","catch_line":"Refusal, suspension or revocation of license or registration","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2314\/"},{"id":77982,"section_number":"54.1-2317","catch_line":"Who may serve as trustee of perpetual care trust fund","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2317\/"},{"id":84608,"section_number":"54.1-2319","catch_line":"Deposit in perpetual care trust fund required upon sale of graves, etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2319\/"},{"id":56252,"section_number":"54.1-2321","catch_line":"Recovery of original perpetual care trust fund deposit","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2321\/"},{"id":68822,"section_number":"54.1-2322","catch_line":"Use of income from perpetual care trust fund; distributions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2322\/"},{"id":78778,"section_number":"54.1-2325","catch_line":"Deposit in preneed trust required upon sale of property or services not to be delivered within 120 days","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2325\/"},{"id":81056,"section_number":"54.1-2326","catch_line":"Who may serve as trustee of preneed trust fund","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2326\/"}],"permalink":{"id":240401,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54676,"identifier":"54.1-2342","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2342","url":"\/54.1-2342\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2342\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.1\/54.1-2342","dublin_core":{"Title":"Penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2342","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to the <span class=\"dictionary\">sanctions<\/span> provided in Chapter 1 (\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Regulations of professions and occupations\" href=\"\/54.1-100\/\">54.1-100<\/a> et seq.) and Chapter 2 (\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Composition of regulatory boards\" href=\"\/54.1-200\/\">54.1-200<\/a> et seq.) and in \u00a7\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Refusal, suspension or revocation of license or registration\" href=\"\/54.1-2314\/\">54.1-2314<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Who may serve as trustee of perpetual care trust fund\" href=\"\/54.1-2317\/\">54.1-2317<\/a>, and <a class=\"law\" title=\"Who may serve as trustee of preneed trust fund\" href=\"\/54.1-2326\/\">54.1-2326<\/a>. Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who is convicted of willfully violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 <span class=\"dictionary\">misdemeanor<\/span>. Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> convicted of violating, or failing to comply with, any of the provisions of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Who may serve as trustee of perpetual care trust fund\" href=\"\/54.1-2317\/\">54.1-2317<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Deposit in perpetual care trust fund required upon sale of graves, etc\" href=\"\/54.1-2319\/\">54.1-2319<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Recovery of original perpetual care trust fund deposit\" href=\"\/54.1-2321\/\">54.1-2321<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Use of income from perpetual care trust fund; distributions\" href=\"\/54.1-2322\/\">54.1-2322<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Deposit in preneed trust required upon sale of property or services not to be delivered within 120 days\" href=\"\/54.1-2325\/\">54.1-2325<\/a> or <a class=\"law\" title=\"Who may serve as trustee of preneed trust fund\" href=\"\/54.1-2326\/\">54.1-2326<\/a> with the <span class=\"dictionary\">intent<\/span> to defraud is guilty of a Class 6 <span class=\"dictionary\">felony<\/span>.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8221; includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, instrumentality, officer or employee thereof.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPENALTIES (\u00a7 54.1-2342)\n\nAny person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be subject\nto the sanctions provided in Chapter 1 (\u00a7 54.1-100 et seq.) and Chapter 2 (\u00a7\n54.1-200 et seq.) and in \u00a7\u00a7 54.1-2314, 54.1-2317, and 54.1-2326. Any person\nwho is convicted of willfully violating any of the provisions of this chapter is\nguilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Any person convicted of violating, or failing\nto comply with, any of the provisions of \u00a7 54.1-2317, 54.1-2319, 54.1-2321,\n54.1-2322, 54.1-2325 or 54.1-2326 with the intent to defraud is guilty of a\nClass 6 felony.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;person&#8221; includes any\nindividual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited\nliability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or\nany other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent,\nagency, instrumentality, officer or employee thereof.\n\nHISTORY: 1998, cc. 708, 721; 2005, c. 691.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}