{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2345.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2345.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2345.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2345.html"}],"law_id":55467,"edition_id":1,"section_id":55467,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2008, cc. 851, 871; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 592.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Association” includes condominium, cooperative, or property owners’ associations.\n\t\t“Board” means the Common Interest Community Board.\n\t\t“Common interest community” means real estate subject to a declaration containing lots, at least some of which are residential or occupied for recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the person’s ownership of a lot subject to that declaration, is a member of the association and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided that for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community does not include any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (\u00a7 55.1-2200 et seq.) or any additional land that is a part of such registration. “Common interest community” does not include an arrangement described in \u00a7 54.1-2345.1.\n\t\t“Common interest community manager” means a person or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management services to a common interest community.\n\t\t“Declaration” means any instrument, however denominated, recorded among the land records of the county or city in which the development or any part thereof is located, that either (i) imposes on the association maintenance or operational responsibilities for the common area as a regular annual assessment or (ii) creates the authority in the association to impose on lots, or on the owners or occupants of such lots, or on any other entity any mandatory payment of money as a regular annual assessment in connection with the provision of maintenance or services or both for the benefit of some or all of the lots, the owners or occupants of the lots, or the common area. “Declaration” includes any amendment or supplement to the instruments described in this definition.\n\t\t“Governing board” means the governing board of an association, including the executive organ of a condominium unit owners’ association, the executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees’ association, and the board of directors or other governing body of a property owners’ association.\n\t\t“Lot” means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate ownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or the boundaries of which are described in the declaration or in a recorded instrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration, other than a common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association or a unit in a real estate cooperative.\n\t\t“Management services” means (i) acting with the authority of an association in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with association members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions of an association or, with the authority of the association, enforcing the rights of the association secured by statute, contract, covenant, rule, or bylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control over money or other property belonging to an association; (iv) preparing budgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association; (v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association or the governing body of an association; (vi) negotiating contracts or otherwise coordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for or on behalf of an association; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any of the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":203309,"text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Association” includes condominium, cooperative, or property owners’ associations.\n\t\t“Board” means the Common Interest Community Board.\n\t\t“Common interest community” means real estate subject to a declaration containing lots, at least some of which are residential or occupied for recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the person’s ownership of a lot subject to that declaration, is a member of the association and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided that for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community does not include any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (\u00a7 55.1-2200 et seq.) or any additional land that is a part of such registration. “Common interest community” does not include an arrangement described in \u00a7 54.1-2345.1.\n\t\t“Common interest community manager” means a person or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management services to a common interest community.\n\t\t“Declaration” means any instrument, however denominated, recorded among the land records of the county or city in which the development or any part thereof is located, that either (i) imposes on the association maintenance or operational responsibilities for the common area as a regular annual assessment or (ii) creates the authority in the association to impose on lots, or on the owners or occupants of such lots, or on any other entity any mandatory payment of money as a regular annual assessment in connection with the provision of maintenance or services or both for the benefit of some or all of the lots, the owners or occupants of the lots, or the common area. “Declaration” includes any amendment or supplement to the instruments described in this definition.\n\t\t“Governing board” means the governing board of an association, including the executive organ of a condominium unit owners’ association, the executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees’ association, and the board of directors or other governing body of a property owners’ association.\n\t\t“Lot” means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate ownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or the boundaries of which are described in the declaration or in a recorded instrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration, other than a common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association or a unit in a real estate cooperative.\n\t\t“Management services” means (i) acting with the authority of an association in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with association members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions of an association or, with the authority of the association, enforcing the rights of the association secured by statute, contract, covenant, rule, or bylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control over money or other property belonging to an association; (iv) preparing budgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association; (v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association or the governing body of an association; (vi) negotiating contracts or otherwise coordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for or on behalf of an association; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any of the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13764,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Community Board","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13763,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240417,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13764,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13763,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"23.3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13763,"identifier":"23.3","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":55467,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2345\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345","metadata":false},{"id":64487,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345.1","catch_line":"Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community","url":"\/54.1-2345.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345.1","metadata":false},{"id":65787,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2346","catch_line":"License required; certification of employees; renewal; provisional license","url":"\/54.1-2346\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2346","metadata":false},{"id":73925,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2347","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","url":"\/54.1-2347\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2347","metadata":false},{"id":56965,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2348","catch_line":"Common Interest Community Board; membership; meetings; quorum","url":"\/54.1-2348\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2348","metadata":false},{"id":75397,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2349","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","url":"\/54.1-2349\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2349","metadata":false},{"id":65478,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2350","catch_line":"Annual report; form to accompany resale certificates","url":"\/54.1-2350\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2350","metadata":false},{"id":75527,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2351","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","url":"\/54.1-2351\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","metadata":false},{"id":78745,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2352","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/54.1-2352\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","metadata":false},{"id":54774,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2353","catch_line":"Protection of the interests of associations; appointment of receiver for common interest community manager","url":"\/54.1-2353\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2353","metadata":false},{"id":55980,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2354","catch_line":"Variation by agreement","url":"\/54.1-2354\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2354","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":64487,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345.1","catch_line":"Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community","url":"\/54.1-2345.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2345\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2008. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 851<\/a> and 871<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 592<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":79728,"section_number":"15.2-110","catch_line":"Authority to require approval by common interest community association","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-110\/"},{"id":63216,"section_number":"15.2-2288.7","catch_line":"Local regulation of solar facilities","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2288.7\/"},{"id":68666,"section_number":"15.2-958.7","catch_line":"Local Foundation and Soil Management Fund; grant moneys","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-958.7\/"},{"id":84096,"section_number":"15.2-979","catch_line":"Notice of sale under deed of trust","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-979\/"},{"id":81829,"section_number":"15.2-983","catch_line":"Creation of registry for short-term rental of property","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-983\/"},{"id":64189,"section_number":"15.2-987","catch_line":"Rentals for 30 consecutive days or longer","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-987\/"},{"id":57279,"section_number":"28.2-606","catch_line":"Notice of application","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-606\/"},{"id":78978,"section_number":"3.2-6540.01","catch_line":"Obligations of officer and owner following dangerous dog finding","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6540.01\/"},{"id":78528,"section_number":"4.1-200","catch_line":"Exemptions from licensure","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-200\/"},{"id":65321,"section_number":"55.1-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1800\/"},{"id":55215,"section_number":"55.1-1900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1900\/"},{"id":85397,"section_number":"55.1-2307","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2307\/"},{"id":83575,"section_number":"55.1-3201","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-3201\/"},{"id":54312,"section_number":"55.1-358","catch_line":"Effect of certain transfer fee covenants","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-358\/"},{"id":76078,"section_number":"60.2-210","catch_line":"Employer","order_by":null,"url":"\/60.2-210\/"},{"id":73244,"section_number":"62.1-44.15:41","catch_line":"Liability of common interest communities","order_by":null,"url":"\/62.1-44.15_41\/"},{"id":72317,"section_number":"9.1-914","catch_line":"Automatic notification of registration to certain entities; electronic notification to requesting persons","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-914\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":64487,"section_number":"54.1-2345.1","catch_line":"Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2345.1\/"},{"id":56667,"section_number":"55.1-2200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2200\/"}],"permalink":{"id":240419,"object_type":"law","relational_id":55467,"identifier":"54.1-2345","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345","url":"\/54.1-2345\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2345\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2345","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Association<\/span>” includes condominium, cooperative, or property owners’ associations<\/span>.\n\t\t“Board” means the Common Interest Community<\/span> Board.\n\t\t“Common interest community<\/span>” means real estate subject to a declaration<\/span> containing lots<\/span>, at least some of which are residential or occupied for recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the person’s ownership of a lot<\/span> subject to that declaration<\/span>, is a member of the association<\/span> and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided that for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community<\/span> does not include any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (\u00a7 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.) or any additional land that is a part of such registration. “Common interest community<\/span>” does not include an arrangement described in \u00a7 54.1-2345.1<\/a>.\n\t\t“Common interest community<\/span> manager<\/span>” means a person or business entity, including a partnership, association<\/span>, corporation, or limited liability company, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management services<\/span> to a common interest community<\/span>.\n\t\t“Declaration<\/span>” means any instrument, however denominated, recorded among the land records of the county or city in which the development or any part thereof is located, that either (i) imposes on the association<\/span> maintenance or operational responsibilities for the common area as a regular annual assessment or (ii) creates the authority in the association<\/span> to impose on lots<\/span>, or on the owners or occupants of such lots<\/span>, or on any other entity any mandatory payment of money as a regular annual assessment in connection with the provision of maintenance or services or both for the benefit of some or all of the lots<\/span>, the owners or occupants of the lots<\/span>, or the common area. “Declaration<\/span>” includes any amendment or supplement to the instruments described in this definition.\n\t\t“Governing board<\/span>” means the governing board<\/span> of an association<\/span>, including the executive organ of a condominium unit owners’ association<\/span>, the executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees’ association<\/span>, and the board of directors or other governing body of a property owners’ association<\/span>.\n\t\t“Lot<\/span>” means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate ownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or the boundaries of which are described in the declaration<\/span> or in a recorded instrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration<\/span>, other than a common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association<\/span> or a unit in a real estate cooperative.\n\t\t“Management services<\/span>” means (i) acting with the authority of an association<\/span> in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with association<\/span> members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions of an association<\/span> or, with the authority of the association<\/span>, enforcing the rights of the association<\/span> secured by statute<\/span>, contract<\/span>, covenant, rule, or bylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control over money or other property belonging to an association<\/span>; (iv) preparing budgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association<\/span>; (v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association<\/span> or the governing body of an association<\/span>; (vi) negotiating contracts<\/span> or otherwise coordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for or on behalf of an association<\/span>; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any of the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 54.1-2345)\n\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Association” includes condominium, cooperative, or property\nowners’ associations.\n\t\t“Board” means the Common Interest Community Board.\n\t\t“Common interest community” means real estate subject to a\ndeclaration containing lots, at least some of which are residential or occupied\nfor recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the\nperson’s ownership of a lot subject to that declaration, is a member of\nthe association and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided\nthat for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community does not\ninclude any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate\nTime-Share Act (\u00a7 55.1-2200 et seq.) or any additional land that is a part of\nsuch registration. “Common interest community” does not include an\narrangement described in \u00a7 54.1-2345.1.\n\t\t“Common interest community manager” means a person or business\nentity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability\ncompany, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management\nservices to a common interest community.\n\t\t“Declaration” means any instrument, however denominated, recorded\namong the land records of the county or city in which the development or any\npart thereof is located, that either (i) imposes on the association maintenance\nor operational responsibilities for the common area as a regular annual\nassessment or (ii) creates the authority in the association to impose on lots,\nor on the owners or occupants of such lots, or on any other entity any mandatory\npayment of money as a regular annual assessment in connection with the provision\nof maintenance or services or both for the benefit of some or all of the lots,\nthe owners or occupants of the lots, or the common area.\n“Declaration” includes any amendment or supplement to the\ninstruments described in this definition.\n\t\t“Governing board” means the governing board of an association,\nincluding the executive organ of a condominium unit owners’ association,\nthe executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees’ association, and\nthe board of directors or other governing body of a property owners’\nassociation.\n\t\t“Lot” means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate\nownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or\nthe boundaries of which are described in the declaration or in a recorded\ninstrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration, other than\na common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association or a unit in a real\nestate cooperative.\n\t\t“Management services” means (i) acting with the authority of an\nassociation in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with\nassociation members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions\nof an association or, with the authority of the association, enforcing the\nrights of the association secured by statute, contract, covenant, rule, or\nbylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control\nover money or other property belonging to an association; (iv) preparing\nbudgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association;\n(v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association or the\ngoverning body of an association; (vi) negotiating contracts or otherwise\ncoordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for\nor on behalf of an association; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any\nof the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association.\n\nHISTORY: 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 592.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}