{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2351.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2351.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2351.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2351.html"}],"law_id":75527,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75527,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2351","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","history":"2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2010, c. 615; 2019, c. 712; 2023, cc. 387, 388.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Board may adopt, amend, and repeal rules and regulations and issue orders consistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of this article, but the Board may not intervene in the internal activities of an association except to the extent necessary to prevent or cure violations of this article or of the chapter pursuant to which the association is created. The Board may prescribe forms and procedures for submitting information to the Board.B\n\nIf it appears that any governing board has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders, the Board without prior administrative proceedings may bring an action in the appropriate court to enjoin that act or practice or for other appropriate relief. The Board is not required to post a bond or prove that no adequate remedy at law exists.C\n\nThe Board may intervene in any action involving a violation by a declarant or a developer of a time-share project of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders.D\n\nThe Board may accept grants-in-aid from any governmental source and may contract with agencies charged with similar functions in this or other jurisdictions in furtherance of the objectives of this article.E\n\nThe Board may cooperate with agencies performing similar functions in this and other jurisdictions to develop uniform filing procedures and forms, uniform disclosure standards, and uniform administrative practices, and may develop information that may be useful in the discharge of the Board’s duties.F\n\nIn issuing any cease and desist order, the Board shall state the basis for the adverse determination and the underlying facts.G\n\nWithout limiting the remedies that may be obtained under this article, the Board, without compliance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of this section and may institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person, partnership, corporation, or any other entity violating this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth by the Board in the circuit court or general district court of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant resides.H\n\nThe Board may assess a monetary penalty to be paid to the Common Interest Community Management Information Fund of not more than $1,000 per violation against any governing board that violates any provision of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Board shall consider the degree and extent of harm caused by the violation. No monetary penalty may be assessed under this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders unless the governing board has been given notice and an opportunity to be heard pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). The penalty may be sued for and recovered in the name of the Commonwealth.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":271090,"text":"The Board may adopt, amend, and repeal rules and regulations and issue orders consistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of this article, but the Board may not intervene in the internal activities of an association except to the extent necessary to prevent or cure violations of this article or of the chapter pursuant to which the association is created. The Board may prescribe forms and procedures for submitting information to the Board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":271091,"text":"If it appears that any governing board has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders, the Board without prior administrative proceedings may bring an action in the appropriate court to enjoin that act or practice or for other appropriate relief. The Board is not required to post a bond or prove that no adequate remedy at law exists.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":271092,"text":"The Board may intervene in any action involving a violation by a declarant or a developer of a time-share project of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":271093,"text":"The Board may accept grants-in-aid from any governmental source and may contract with agencies charged with similar functions in this or other jurisdictions in furtherance of the objectives of this article.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":271094,"text":"The Board may cooperate with agencies performing similar functions in this and other jurisdictions to develop uniform filing procedures and forms, uniform disclosure standards, and uniform administrative practices, and may develop information that may be useful in the discharge of the Board’s duties.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":271095,"text":"In issuing any cease and desist order, the Board shall state the basis for the adverse determination and the underlying facts.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":271096,"text":"Without limiting the remedies that may be obtained under this article, the Board, without compliance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of this section and may institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person, partnership, corporation, or any other entity violating this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth by the Board in the circuit court or general district court of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant resides.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"7":{"id":271097,"text":"The Board may assess a monetary penalty to be paid to the Common Interest Community Management Information Fund of not more than $1,000 per violation against any governing board that violates any provision of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Board shall consider the degree and extent of harm caused by the violation. No monetary penalty may be assessed under this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders unless the governing board has been given notice and an opportunity to be heard pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). The penalty may be sued for and recovered in the name of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13764,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Community Board","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13763,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240417,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13764,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13763,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"23.3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13763,"identifier":"23.3","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":55467,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2345\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345","metadata":false},{"id":64487,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345.1","catch_line":"Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community","url":"\/54.1-2345.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345.1","metadata":false},{"id":65787,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2346","catch_line":"License required; certification of employees; renewal; provisional license","url":"\/54.1-2346\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2346","metadata":false},{"id":73925,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2347","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","url":"\/54.1-2347\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2347","metadata":false},{"id":56965,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2348","catch_line":"Common Interest Community Board; membership; meetings; quorum","url":"\/54.1-2348\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2348","metadata":false},{"id":75397,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2349","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","url":"\/54.1-2349\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2349","metadata":false},{"id":65478,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2350","catch_line":"Annual report; form to accompany resale certificates","url":"\/54.1-2350\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2350","metadata":false},{"id":75527,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2351","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","url":"\/54.1-2351\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","metadata":false},{"id":78745,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2352","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/54.1-2352\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","metadata":false},{"id":54774,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2353","catch_line":"Protection of the interests of associations; appointment of receiver for common interest community manager","url":"\/54.1-2353\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2353","metadata":false},{"id":55980,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2354","catch_line":"Variation by agreement","url":"\/54.1-2354\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2354","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":65478,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2350","catch_line":"Annual report; form to accompany resale certificates","url":"\/54.1-2350\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2350","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":78745,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2352","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/54.1-2352\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2351\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2008. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 851<\/a> and 871<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2009, chapter 557<\/a>; in 2010, chapter 615<\/a>; in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>; in 2023, chapters 387<\/a> and 388<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":68863,"section_number":"54.1-2354.4","catch_line":"Association complaint procedures; final adverse decisions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2354.4\/"},{"id":56849,"section_number":"55.1-1805","catch_line":"Association charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1805\/"},{"id":71923,"section_number":"55.1-1904","catch_line":"Association charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1904\/"},{"id":68135,"section_number":"55.1-2314","catch_line":"Failure to provide resale certificate; no waiver","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2314\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":86911,"section_number":"2.2-4000","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4000\/"},{"id":65321,"section_number":"55.1-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1800\/"},{"id":55215,"section_number":"55.1-1900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1900\/"},{"id":58909,"section_number":"55.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2100\/"},{"id":56667,"section_number":"55.1-2200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2200\/"},{"id":85397,"section_number":"55.1-2307","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2307\/"}],"permalink":{"id":240447,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75527,"identifier":"54.1-2351","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","url":"\/54.1-2351\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2351\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","dublin_core":{"Title":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2351","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Board<\/span> may adopt, amend<\/span>, and repeal rules and regulations and issue<\/span> orders<\/span> consistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of this article, but the Board<\/span> may not intervene in the internal activities of an association<\/span> except to the extent necessary to prevent or cure violations of this article or of the chapter pursuant to which the association<\/span> is created. The Board<\/span> may prescribe forms and procedures for submitting information to the Board<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If it appears that any governing board<\/span> has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span>, the Board without prior administrative proceedings may bring an action in the appropriate court<\/span> to enjoin that act or practice or for other appropriate relief. The Board is not required to post a bond<\/span> or prove that no adequate remedy at law<\/span> exists. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Board may intervene in any action involving a violation by a declarant or a developer of a time-share project of this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The Board may accept grants-in-aid from any governmental source and may contract<\/span> with agencies charged with similar functions in this or other jurisdictions<\/span> in furtherance of the objectives of this article. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> The Board may cooperate with agencies performing similar functions in this and other jurisdictions<\/span> to develop uniform filing procedures and forms, uniform disclosure standards, and uniform administrative practices, and may develop information that may be useful in the discharge of the Board’s duties. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> In issuing any cease and desist order<\/span>, the Board shall state the basis for the adverse determination and the underlying facts<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> Without limiting the remedies that may be obtained under this article, the Board, without compliance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000<\/a> et seq.), shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of this section and may institute proceedings in equity<\/span> to enjoin any person, partnership, corporation, or any other entity violating this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span>. Such proceedings shall be brought in the name of the Commonwealth by the Board in the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> or general district court<\/span> of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in which the defendant<\/span> resides. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> The Board may assess a monetary penalty<\/span> to be paid to the Common Interest Community<\/span> Management Information Fund of not more than $1,000 per violation against any governing board<\/span> that violates any provision of this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span>. In determining the amount of the penalty<\/span>, the Board shall consider the degree and extent of harm caused by the violation. No monetary penalty<\/span> may be assessed under this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span> unless the governing board<\/span> has been given notice and an opportunity to be heard pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000<\/a> et seq.). The penalty<\/span> may be sued for and recovered in the name of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nGENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES OF BOARD CONCERNING ASSOCIATIONS (\u00a7 54.1-2351)\n\nA. The Board may adopt, amend, and repeal rules and regulations and issue orders\nconsistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of this article, but the\nBoard may not intervene in the internal activities of an association except to\nthe extent necessary to prevent or cure violations of this article or of the\nchapter pursuant to which the association is created. The Board may prescribe\nforms and procedures for submitting information to the Board.\n\nB. If it appears that any governing board has engaged, is engaging, or is about\nto engage in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property\nOwners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia\nCondominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative\nAct (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§\n55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any\nof the Board’s regulations or orders, the Board without prior\nadministrative proceedings may bring an action in the appropriate court to\nenjoin that act or practice or for other appropriate relief. The Board is not\nrequired to post a bond or prove that no adequate remedy at law exists.\n\nC. The Board may intervene in any action involving a violation by a declarant or\na developer of a time-share project of this article, the Property Owners’\nAssociation Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§\n55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100\net seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.),\nthe Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the\nBoard’s regulations or orders.\n\nD. The Board may accept grants-in-aid from any governmental source and may\ncontract with agencies charged with similar functions in this or other\njurisdictions in furtherance of the objectives of this article.\n\nE. The Board may cooperate with agencies performing similar functions in this\nand other jurisdictions to develop uniform filing procedures and forms, uniform\ndisclosure standards, and uniform administrative practices, and may develop\ninformation that may be useful in the discharge of the Board’s duties.\n\nF. In issuing any cease and desist order, the Board shall state the basis for\nthe adverse determination and the underlying facts.\n\nG. Without limiting the remedies that may be obtained under this article, the\nBoard, without compliance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000\net seq.), shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of this section and\nmay institute proceedings in equity to enjoin any person, partnership,\ncorporation, or any other entity violating this article, the Property\nOwners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia\nCondominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative\nAct (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§\n55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any\nof the Board’s regulations or orders. Such proceedings shall be brought in\nthe name of the Commonwealth by the Board in the circuit court or general\ndistrict court of the city or county in which the unlawful act occurred or in\nwhich the defendant resides.\n\nH. The Board may assess a monetary penalty to be paid to the Common Interest\nCommunity Management Information Fund of not more than $1,000 per violation\nagainst any governing board that violates any provision of this article, the\nProperty Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia\nCondominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative\nAct (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§\n55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any\nof the Board’s regulations or orders. In determining the amount of the\npenalty, the Board shall consider the degree and extent of harm caused by the\nviolation. No monetary penalty may be assessed under this article, the Property\nOwners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia\nCondominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative\nAct (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§\n55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any\nof the Board’s regulations or orders unless the governing board has been\ngiven notice and an opportunity to be heard pursuant to the Administrative\nProcess Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). The penalty may be sued for and recovered\nin the name of the Commonwealth.\n\nHISTORY: 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2010, c. 615; 2019, c. 712; 2023, cc.\n387, 388.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}