{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2352.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2352.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2352.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2352.html"}],"law_id":78745,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78745,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2352","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","history":"2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2019, cc. 467, 712; 2023, cc. 387, 388.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Board may issue an order requiring the governing board of the association to cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Board will carry out the purposes of this article, if the Board determines after notice and hearing that the governing board of an association has:1\n\nViolated any statute or regulation of the Board governing the association regulated pursuant to this article, including engaging in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders;2\n\nFailed to register as an association or to file an annual report as required by statute or regulation;3\n\nMaterially misrepresented facts in an application for registration or an annual report; or4\n\nWillfully refused to furnish the Board information or records required or requested pursuant to statute or regulation.B\n\nIf the Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether or not it becomes permanent.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":282130,"text":"The Board may issue an order requiring the governing board of the association to cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Board will carry out the purposes of this article, if the Board determines after notice and hearing that the governing board of an association has:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":282131,"text":"Violated any statute or regulation of the Board governing the association regulated pursuant to this article, including engaging in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":282132,"text":"Failed to register as an association or to file an annual report as required by statute or regulation;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":282133,"text":"Materially misrepresented facts in an application for registration or an annual report; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":282134,"text":"Willfully refused to furnish the Board information or records required or requested pursuant to statute or regulation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B"},"5":{"id":282135,"text":"If the Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether or not it becomes permanent.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A4"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13764,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Community Board","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13763,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240417,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13764,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13763,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"23.3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:49","permalink":{"id":240415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13763,"identifier":"23.3","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3","url":"\/54.1\/II\/23.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":55467,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2345\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345","metadata":false},{"id":64487,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2345.1","catch_line":"Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community","url":"\/54.1-2345.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2345.1","metadata":false},{"id":65787,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2346","catch_line":"License required; certification of employees; renewal; provisional license","url":"\/54.1-2346\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2346","metadata":false},{"id":73925,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2347","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","url":"\/54.1-2347\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2347","metadata":false},{"id":56965,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2348","catch_line":"Common Interest Community Board; membership; meetings; quorum","url":"\/54.1-2348\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2348","metadata":false},{"id":75397,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2349","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Board","url":"\/54.1-2349\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2349","metadata":false},{"id":65478,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2350","catch_line":"Annual report; form to accompany resale certificates","url":"\/54.1-2350\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2350","metadata":false},{"id":75527,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2351","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","url":"\/54.1-2351\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","metadata":false},{"id":78745,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2352","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/54.1-2352\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","metadata":false},{"id":54774,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2353","catch_line":"Protection of the interests of associations; appointment of receiver for common interest community manager","url":"\/54.1-2353\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2353","metadata":false},{"id":55980,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2354","catch_line":"Variation by agreement","url":"\/54.1-2354\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2354","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":75527,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2351","catch_line":"General powers and duties of Board concerning associations","url":"\/54.1-2351\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2351","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":54774,"structure_id":13764,"section_number":"54.1-2353","catch_line":"Protection of the interests of associations; appointment of receiver for common interest community manager","url":"\/54.1-2353\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2353","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2352\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2008. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 851<\/a> and 871<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2009, chapter 557<\/a>; in 2019, chapters 467<\/a> and 712<\/a>; in 2023, chapters 387<\/a> and 388<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":68863,"section_number":"54.1-2354.4","catch_line":"Association complaint procedures; final adverse decisions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2354.4\/"},{"id":56849,"section_number":"55.1-1805","catch_line":"Association charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1805\/"},{"id":71923,"section_number":"55.1-1904","catch_line":"Association charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1904\/"},{"id":68135,"section_number":"55.1-2314","catch_line":"Failure to provide resale certificate; no waiver","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2314\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65321,"section_number":"55.1-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1800\/"},{"id":55215,"section_number":"55.1-1900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1900\/"},{"id":58909,"section_number":"55.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2100\/"},{"id":56667,"section_number":"55.1-2200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2200\/"},{"id":85397,"section_number":"55.1-2307","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2307\/"}],"permalink":{"id":240451,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78745,"identifier":"54.1-2352","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","url":"\/54.1-2352\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2352\/","token":"54.1\/II\/23.3\/1\/54.1-2352","dublin_core":{"Title":"Cease and desist orders","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2352","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Board may issue<\/span> an order<\/span> requiring the governing board<\/span> of the association<\/span> to cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment<\/span> of the Board will carry out the purposes of this article, if the Board determines after notice and hearing<\/span> that the governing board<\/span> of an association<\/span> has: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Violated any statute<\/span> or regulation of the Board governing the association<\/span> regulated pursuant to this article, including engaging in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association<\/span> Act (§ 55.1-1800<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100<\/a> et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200<\/a> et seq.), the Resale Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307<\/a> et seq.), or any of the Board’s regulations or orders<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Failed to register as an association<\/span> or to file an annual report as required by statute<\/span> or regulation; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Materially misrepresented facts<\/span> in an application for registration or an annual report; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Willfully refused to furnish the Board information or records required or requested pursuant to statute<\/span> or regulation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If the Board makes a finding<\/span> of fact<\/span> in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order<\/span>, it may issue<\/span> a temporary order<\/span> to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order<\/span>, the Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue<\/span> a temporary order<\/span> to the person. Every temporary order<\/span> shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing<\/span> will be held promptly to determine whether or not it becomes permanent. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCEASE AND DESIST ORDERS (\u00a7 54.1-2352)\n\nA. The Board may issue an order requiring the governing board of the association\nto cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative\naction as in the judgment of the Board will carry out the purposes of this\narticle, if the Board determines after notice and hearing that the governing\nboard of an association has:\n\n 1. Violated any statute or regulation of the Board governing the association\n regulated pursuant to this article, including engaging in any act or practice\n in violation of this article, the Property Owners’ Association Act\n (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et\n seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.),\n the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), the Resale\n Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-2307 et seq.), or any of the Board’s\n regulations or orders;\n\n 2. Failed to register as an association or to file an annual report as\n required by statute or regulation;\n\n 3. Materially misrepresented facts in an application for registration or an\n annual report; or\n\n 4. Willfully refused to furnish the Board information or records required or\n requested pursuant to statute or regulation.\n\nB. If the Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will\nbe irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary\norder to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed\nappropriate by the Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Board shall\ngive notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every\ntemporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a\nhearing will be held promptly to determine whether or not it becomes permanent.\n\nHISTORY: 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2019, cc. 467, 712; 2023, cc. 387,\n388.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}