{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2403.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2403.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2403.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2403.3.html"}],"law_id":79452,"edition_id":1,"section_id":79452,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.3","catch_line":"Medical records; ownership; provision of copies","history":"1995, c. 754; 1997, c. 682; 1998, c. 470.","full_text":"Medical records maintained by any health care provider as defined in \u00a7 32.1-127.1:03 shall be the property of such health care provider or, in the case of a health care provider employed by another health care provider, the property of the employer. Such health care provider shall release copies of any such medical records in compliance with \u00a7 32.1-127.1:03 or \u00a7 8.01-413, if the request is made for purposes of litigation, or as otherwise provided by state or federal law.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":284626,"text":"Medical records maintained by any health care provider as defined in \u00a7 32.1-127.1:03 shall be the property of such health care provider or, in the case of a health care provider employed by another health care provider, the property of the employer. Such health care provider shall release copies of any such medical records in compliance with \u00a7 32.1-127.1:03 or \u00a7 8.01-413, if the request is made for purposes of litigation, or as otherwise provided by state or federal law.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14778,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"24","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12758,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:49:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:49:51","permalink":{"id":241107,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14778,"identifier":"24","token":"54.1\/III\/24","url":"\/54.1\/III\/24\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12758,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241105,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12758,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":65440,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400","catch_line":"General powers and duties of health regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-2400\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400","metadata":false},{"id":83001,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.01","catch_line":"Certain definition","url":"\/54.1-2400.01\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.01","metadata":false},{"id":72970,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.01:1","catch_line":"Surgery defined; who may perform surgery","url":"\/54.1-2400.01_1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.01_1","metadata":false},{"id":57686,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.01:2","catch_line":"Ophthalmic prescription defined; who may provide ophthalmic prescriptions","url":"\/54.1-2400.01_2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.01_2","metadata":false},{"id":63751,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.02","catch_line":"Information concerning health professionals; posting of addresses on the Internet; providing personal information under certain circumstances prohibited; collection of address information from health professionals","url":"\/54.1-2400.02\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.02","metadata":false},{"id":64184,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.03","catch_line":"Health regulatory boards to report information concerning health professionals to the Department of Health; Eligible Health Care Provider Reserve Directory","url":"\/54.1-2400.03\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.03","metadata":false},{"id":69157,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.1","catch_line":"Mental health service providers; duty to protect third parties; immunity","url":"\/54.1-2400.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.1","metadata":false},{"id":63038,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.2","catch_line":"Confidentiality of information obtained during an investigation or disciplinary proceeding; penalty","url":"\/54.1-2400.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.2","metadata":false},{"id":87116,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.3","catch_line":"Disciplinary actions to be reported","url":"\/54.1-2400.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.3","metadata":false},{"id":64053,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.4","catch_line":"Mental health service providers duty to inform; immunity; civil penalty","url":"\/54.1-2400.4\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.4","metadata":false},{"id":56556,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.5","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2400.5\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.5","metadata":false},{"id":58137,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.6","catch_line":"Hospitals, other health care institutions, home health and hospice organizations, and assisted living facilities required to report disciplinary actions against and certain disorders of health professionals; immunity from liability; failure to report","url":"\/54.1-2400.6\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.6","metadata":false},{"id":61914,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.7","catch_line":"Practitioners treating other practitioners for certain disorders to make reports; immunity from liability","url":"\/54.1-2400.7\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.7","metadata":false},{"id":72426,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.8","catch_line":"Immunity for reporting","url":"\/54.1-2400.8\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.8","metadata":false},{"id":66286,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2400.9","catch_line":"Reporting disabilities of drivers","url":"\/54.1-2400.9\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2400.9","metadata":false},{"id":81191,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2401","catch_line":"Monetary penalty","url":"\/54.1-2401\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2401","metadata":false},{"id":58836,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2402","catch_line":"Citizen members on health regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-2402\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2402","metadata":false},{"id":59518,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2402.1","catch_line":"Appointments, removals, and limitation of terms of members of regulatory boards","url":"\/54.1-2402.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2402.1","metadata":false},{"id":62497,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403","catch_line":"Certain advertising prohibited","url":"\/54.1-2403\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403","metadata":false},{"id":81381,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.01","catch_line":"Routine component of prenatal care","url":"\/54.1-2403.01\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.01","metadata":false},{"id":65605,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.02","catch_line":"Prenatal education; cord blood banking","url":"\/54.1-2403.02\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.02","metadata":false},{"id":83187,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.1","catch_line":"Protocol for certain medical history screening required","url":"\/54.1-2403.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.1","metadata":false},{"id":62453,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.2","catch_line":"Record storage","url":"\/54.1-2403.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.2","metadata":false},{"id":79452,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.3","catch_line":"Medical records; ownership; provision of copies","url":"\/54.1-2403.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.3","metadata":false},{"id":59177,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2404","catch_line":"Itemized statements required upon request","url":"\/54.1-2404\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2404","metadata":false},{"id":75820,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2404.1","catch_line":"Patient records","url":"\/54.1-2404.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2404.1","metadata":false},{"id":77933,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2404.2","catch_line":"Health care providers; 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allegations to be in writing","url":"\/54.1-2408.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2408.1","metadata":false},{"id":75296,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2408.2","catch_line":"Minimum period for reinstatement after revocation","url":"\/54.1-2408.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2408.2","metadata":false},{"id":64692,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2408.3","catch_line":"Practice pending appeal","url":"\/54.1-2408.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2408.3","metadata":false},{"id":70912,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2408.4","catch_line":"Temporary authorization to practice","url":"\/54.1-2408.4\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2408.4","metadata":false},{"id":74205,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409","catch_line":"Mandatory suspension or revocation; reinstatement; hearing for reinstatement","url":"\/54.1-2409\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409","metadata":false},{"id":60525,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.1","catch_line":"Criminal penalties for practicing certain professions and occupations without appropriate licensure, certificate, etc","url":"\/54.1-2409.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.1","metadata":false},{"id":85564,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.1:1","catch_line":"Interjurisdictional compacts; criminal history record checks","url":"\/54.1-2409.1_1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":61737,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2409.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.2","metadata":false},{"id":75305,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.3","catch_line":"Participation of advisory boards in disciplinary proceedings","url":"\/54.1-2409.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.3","metadata":false},{"id":69480,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.4","catch_line":"Authority to receive laboratory results directly","url":"\/54.1-2409.4\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.4","metadata":false},{"id":76039,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.5","catch_line":"Conversion therapy prohibited","url":"\/54.1-2409.5\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.5","metadata":false},{"id":57334,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2409.6","catch_line":"Recommendation for Continuing education for certain licensees","url":"\/54.1-2409.6\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2409.6","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":62453,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2403.2","catch_line":"Record storage","url":"\/54.1-2403.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59177,"structure_id":14778,"section_number":"54.1-2404","catch_line":"Itemized statements required upon request","url":"\/54.1-2404\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2404","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2403.3\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1995. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?951+ful+CHAP0754\">754<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1997, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?971+ful+CHAP0682\">682<\/a>; in 1998, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0470\">470<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58930,"section_number":"32.1-127.1:03","catch_line":"Health records privacy","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-127.1_03\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":58930,"section_number":"32.1-127.1:03","catch_line":"Health records privacy","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-127.1_03\/"},{"id":80770,"section_number":"8.01-413","catch_line":"Certain copies of health care provider's health records of patient admissible; right of patient, his attorney and authorized insurer to copies of such health records; subpoena; damages, costs and attorney fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-413\/"}],"permalink":{"id":241201,"object_type":"law","relational_id":79452,"identifier":"54.1-2403.3","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.3","url":"\/54.1-2403.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2403.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/24\/54.1-2403.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Medical records; ownership; provision of copies","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2403.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Medical records maintained by any health care provider as defined in \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Health records privacy\" href=\"\/32.1-127.1_03\/\">32.1-127.1:03<\/a> shall be the property of such health care provider or, in the case of a health care provider employed by another health care provider, the property of the employer. Such health care provider shall release copies of any such medical records in compliance with \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Health records privacy\" href=\"\/32.1-127.1_03\/\">32.1-127.1:03<\/a> or \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Certain copies of health care provider&#039;s health records of patient admissible; right of patient, his attorney and authorized insurer to copies of such health records; subpoena; damages, costs and attorney fees\" href=\"\/8.01-413\/\">8.01-413<\/a>, if the request is made for purposes of <span class=\"dictionary\">litigation<\/span>, or as otherwise provided by state or federal <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMEDICAL RECORDS; OWNERSHIP; PROVISION OF COPIES (\u00a7 54.1-2403.3)\n\nMedical records maintained by any health care provider as defined in \u00a7\n32.1-127.1:03 shall be the property of such health care provider or, in the case\nof a health care provider employed by another health care provider, the property\nof the employer. Such health care provider shall release copies of any such\nmedical records in compliance with \u00a7 32.1-127.1:03 or \u00a7 8.01-413, if the\nrequest is made for purposes of litigation, or as otherwise provided by state or\nfederal law.\n\nHISTORY: 1995, c. 754; 1997, c. 682; 1998, c. 470.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}