{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2952.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2952.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2952.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2952.1.html"}],"law_id":70057,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70057,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952.1","catch_line":"Prescription of certain controlled substances and devices by licensed physician assistants","history":"1992, c. 793; 1997, c. 806; 1999, c. 745; 2001, c. 465; 2003, c. 510; 2007, c. 16; 2016, c. 450; 2019, cc. 92, 137; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 210; 2024, c. 116.","full_text":"A\n\nIn accordance with the provisions of this section and pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 33 (§ 54.1-3300 et seq.), a licensed physician assistant shall have the authority to prescribe controlled substances and devices as set forth in Chapter 34 (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) and as provided in a practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1. Such practice agreements shall include a statement of the controlled substances the physician assistant is or is not authorized to prescribe and may restrict such prescriptive authority as deemed appropriate by the patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist.B\n\nIt is unlawful for the physician assistant to prescribe controlled substances or devices pursuant to this section unless such prescription is authorized by the practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1 and the requirements in this section.C\n\nThe Board of Medicine, in consultation with the Board of Pharmacy, shall promulgate such regulations governing the prescriptive authority of physician assistants as are deemed reasonable and necessary to ensure an appropriate standard of care for patients.\n\t\t\tThe regulations promulgated pursuant to this section shall include, at a minimum, (i) such requirements as may be necessary to ensure continued physician assistant competency, which may include continuing education, testing, and any other requirement and shall address the need to promote ethical practice, an appropriate standard of care, patient safety, the use of new pharmaceuticals, and appropriate communication with patients, and (ii) a requirement that the physician assistant disclose to his patients his name, address, and telephone number and that he is a physician assistant. If a patient or his representative requests to speak with the patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist, the physician assistant shall arrange for communication between the parties or provide the necessary information.D\n\nThis section shall not prohibit a licensed physician assistant from administering controlled substances in compliance with the definition of “administer” in § 54.1-3401 or from receiving and dispensing manufacturers’ professional samples of controlled substances in compliance with the provisions of this section.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":253045,"text":"In accordance with the provisions of this section and pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 33 (§ 54.1-3300 et seq.), a licensed physician assistant shall have the authority to prescribe controlled substances and devices as set forth in Chapter 34 (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) and as provided in a practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1. Such practice agreements shall include a statement of the controlled substances the physician assistant is or is not authorized to prescribe and may restrict such prescriptive authority as deemed appropriate by the patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":253046,"text":"It is unlawful for the physician assistant to prescribe controlled substances or devices pursuant to this section unless such prescription is authorized by the practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1 and the requirements in this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":253047,"text":"The Board of Medicine, in consultation with the Board of Pharmacy, shall promulgate such regulations governing the prescriptive authority of physician assistants as are deemed reasonable and necessary to ensure an appropriate standard of care for patients.\n\t\t\tThe regulations promulgated pursuant to this section shall include, at a minimum, (i) such requirements as may be necessary to ensure continued physician assistant competency, which may include continuing education, testing, and any other requirement and shall address the need to promote ethical practice, an appropriate standard of care, patient safety, the use of new pharmaceuticals, and appropriate communication with patients, and (ii) a requirement that the physician assistant disclose to his patients his name, address, and telephone number and that he is a physician assistant. If a patient or his representative requests to speak with the patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist, the physician assistant shall arrange for communication between the parties or provide the necessary information.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":253048,"text":"This section shall not prohibit a licensed physician assistant from administering controlled substances in compliance with the definition of “administer” in § 54.1-3401 or from receiving and dispensing manufacturers’ professional samples of controlled substances in compliance with the provisions of this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14243,"edition_id":1,"name":"Licensure and Certification of Other Practitioners of the Healing Arts","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12759,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","permalink":{"id":242191,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14243,"identifier":"4","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12759,"edition_id":1,"name":"Medicine and Other Healing Arts","identifier":"29","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12758,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12759,"identifier":"29","token":"54.1\/III\/29","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12758,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241105,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12758,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83532,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2942","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2942\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2942","metadata":false},{"id":78472,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2949","catch_line":"License required","url":"\/54.1-2949\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2949","metadata":false},{"id":81411,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2950","catch_line":"Requisite training and educational achievements of assistants","url":"\/54.1-2950\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2950","metadata":false},{"id":64376,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2950.1","catch_line":"Advisory Board on Physician Assistants; membership; qualifications","url":"\/54.1-2950.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2950.1","metadata":false},{"id":81540,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2951","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2951\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2951","metadata":false},{"id":56449,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2951.1","catch_line":"Requirements for licensure and practice as a physician assistant; licensure by endorsement","url":"\/54.1-2951.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2951.1","metadata":false},{"id":85870,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2951.2","catch_line":"Issuance of a license","url":"\/54.1-2951.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2951.2","metadata":false},{"id":65581,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2951.3","catch_line":"Restricted volunteer license for certain physician assistants","url":"\/54.1-2951.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2951.3","metadata":false},{"id":70303,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2951.4","catch_line":"Exception to physician assistant license requirement; physician assistant student","url":"\/54.1-2951.4\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2951.4","metadata":false},{"id":77494,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952","catch_line":"Role of patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist on patient care teams; services that may be performed by physician assistants; responsibility of licensee; employment of physician assistants","url":"\/54.1-2952\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952","metadata":false},{"id":70057,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952.1","catch_line":"Prescription of certain controlled substances and devices by licensed physician assistants","url":"\/54.1-2952.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952.1","metadata":false},{"id":74655,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952.2","catch_line":"When physician assistant signature accepted","url":"\/54.1-2952.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952.2","metadata":false},{"id":78179,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2953","catch_line":"Renewal, revocation, suspension, and refusal","url":"\/54.1-2953\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2953","metadata":false},{"id":72731,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2953.1","catch_line":"PA Licensure Compact","url":"\/54.1-2953.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2953.1","metadata":false},{"id":62429,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2954","catch_line":"Respiratory therapist; 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fees","url":"\/54.1-2957.8\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2957.8","metadata":false},{"id":65541,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2957.9","catch_line":"Regulation of the practice of midwifery","url":"\/54.1-2957.9\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2957.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77494,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952","catch_line":"Role of patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist on patient care teams; services that may be performed by physician assistants; responsibility of licensee; employment of physician assistants","url":"\/54.1-2952\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":74655,"structure_id":14243,"section_number":"54.1-2952.2","catch_line":"When physician assistant signature accepted","url":"\/54.1-2952.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2952.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1992. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 793 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1992 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1997, chapter 806<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 745<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 465<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 510<\/a>; in 2007, chapter 16<\/a>; in 2016, chapter 450<\/a>; in 2019, chapters 92<\/a> and 137<\/a>; in 2024, chapter 116<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77494,"section_number":"54.1-2952","catch_line":"Role of patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist on patient care teams; services that may be performed by physician assistants; responsibility of licensee; employment of physician assistants","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2952\/"},{"id":55719,"section_number":"54.1-3301","catch_line":"Exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3301\/"},{"id":85347,"section_number":"54.1-3303","catch_line":"Prescriptions to be issued and drugs to be dispensed for medical or therapeutic purposes only","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3303\/"},{"id":59669,"section_number":"54.1-3401","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3401\/"},{"id":77665,"section_number":"54.1-3408","catch_line":"Professional use by practitioners","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3408\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":56449,"section_number":"54.1-2951.1","catch_line":"Requirements for licensure and practice as a physician assistant; licensure by endorsement","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2951.1\/"},{"id":72064,"section_number":"54.1-3300","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3300\/"},{"id":77846,"section_number":"54.1-3400","catch_line":"Citation","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3400\/"},{"id":59669,"section_number":"54.1-3401","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3401\/"}],"permalink":{"id":242233,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70057,"identifier":"54.1-2952.1","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952.1","url":"\/54.1-2952.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2952.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/4\/54.1-2952.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Prescription of certain controlled substances and devices by licensed physician assistants","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2952.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> In accordance with the provisions of this section and pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 33 (§ 54.1-3300<\/a> et seq.), a licensed physician assistant<\/span> shall have the authority to prescribe controlled substances and devices as set forth in Chapter 34 (§ 54.1-3400<\/a> et seq.) and as provided in a practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1<\/a>. Such practice agreements shall include a statement of the controlled substances the physician assistant<\/span> is or is not authorized to prescribe and may restrict such prescriptive authority as deemed appropriate by the patient care team<\/span> physician<\/span> or patient care team<\/span> podiatrist<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> It is unlawful for the physician assistant<\/span> to prescribe controlled substances or devices pursuant to this section unless such prescription is authorized by the practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice arrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of § 54.1-2951.1<\/a> and the requirements in this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The Board<\/span> of Medicine, in consultation<\/span> with the Board<\/span> of Pharmacy, shall promulgate such regulations governing the prescriptive authority of physician assistants<\/span> as are deemed reasonable and necessary to ensure an appropriate standard of care for patients.\n\t\t\tThe regulations promulgated pursuant to this section shall include, at a minimum, (i) such requirements as may be necessary to ensure continued physician assistant<\/span> competency, which may include continuing education, testing, and any other requirement and shall address the need to promote ethical practice, an appropriate standard of care, patient safety, the use of new pharmaceuticals, and appropriate communication with patients, and (ii) a requirement that the physician assistant<\/span> disclose to his patients his name, address, and telephone number and that he is a physician assistant<\/span>. If a patient or his representative requests to speak with the patient care team<\/span> physician<\/span> or patient care team<\/span> podiatrist<\/span>, the physician assistant<\/span> shall arrange for communication between the parties or provide the necessary information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> This section shall not prohibit a licensed physician assistant<\/span> from administering controlled substances in compliance with the definition of “administer” in § 54.1-3401<\/a> or from receiving and dispensing manufacturers’ professional samples of controlled substances in compliance with the provisions of this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPRESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES AND DEVICES BY LICENSED PHYSICIAN\nASSISTANTS (\u00a7 54.1-2952.1)\n\nA. In accordance with the provisions of this section and pursuant to the\nrequirements of Chapter 33 (§ 54.1-3300 et seq.), a licensed physician\nassistant shall have the authority to prescribe controlled substances and\ndevices as set forth in Chapter 34 (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) and as provided in\na practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice\narrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of §\n54.1-2951.1. Such practice agreements shall include a statement of the\ncontrolled substances the physician assistant is or is not authorized to\nprescribe and may restrict such prescriptive authority as deemed appropriate by\nthe patient care team physician or patient care team podiatrist.\n\nB. It is unlawful for the physician assistant to prescribe controlled substances\nor devices pursuant to this section unless such prescription is authorized by\nthe practice agreement or by the credentialing and privileging practice\narrangement requirements of a facility described in subsection E of §\n54.1-2951.1 and the requirements in this section.\n\nC. The Board of Medicine, in consultation with the Board of Pharmacy, shall\npromulgate such regulations governing the prescriptive authority of physician\nassistants as are deemed reasonable and necessary to ensure an appropriate\nstandard of care for patients.\n\t\t\tThe regulations promulgated pursuant to this section shall include, at a\nminimum, (i) such requirements as may be necessary to ensure continued physician\nassistant competency, which may include continuing education, testing, and any\nother requirement and shall address the need to promote ethical practice, an\nappropriate standard of care, patient safety, the use of new pharmaceuticals,\nand appropriate communication with patients, and (ii) a requirement that the\nphysician assistant disclose to his patients his name, address, and telephone\nnumber and that he is a physician assistant. If a patient or his representative\nrequests to speak with the patient care team physician or patient care team\npodiatrist, the physician assistant shall arrange for communication between the\nparties or provide the necessary information.\n\nD. This section shall not prohibit a licensed physician assistant from\nadministering controlled substances in compliance with the definition of\n“administer” in § 54.1-3401 or from receiving and dispensing\nmanufacturers’ professional samples of controlled substances in compliance\nwith the provisions of this section.\n\nHISTORY: 1992, c. 793; 1997, c. 806; 1999, c. 745; 2001, c. 465; 2003, c. 510;\n2007, c. 16; 2016, c. 450; 2019, cc. 92, 137; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 210; 2024,\nc. 116.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}