{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-2964.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-2964.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-2964.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-2964.html"}],"law_id":74620,"edition_id":1,"section_id":74620,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2964","catch_line":"Disclosure of interest in referral facilities and clinical laboratories","history":"1986, c. 348, \u00a7 54-278.3; 1988, cc. 765, 874; 1989, c. 282; 1993, c. 869.","full_text":"A\n\nAny practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to referral of a patient to any facility or entity engaged in the provision of health-related services, appliances or devices, including but not limited to physical therapy, hearing testing, or sale or fitting of hearing aids or eyeglasses provide the patient with a notice in bold print that discloses any known material financial interest of or ownership by the practitioner in such facility or entity and states that the services, appliances or devices may be available from other suppliers in the community. In making any such referral, the practitioner of the healing arts may render such recommendations as he considers appropriate, but shall advise the patient of his freedom of choice in the selection of such facility or entity. This section shall not be construed to permit any of the practices prohibited in &#xA7; 54.1-2914 or Chapter 24.1 (&#xA7; 54.1-2410 et seq.) of this title.\n\t\t\tIn addition, any practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to ordering any medical test from an independent clinical laboratory for a patient, provide the patient with notice in bold print that discloses any known material financial interest or ownership by the practitioner in such laboratory unless the independent clinical laboratory is operated by a publicly held corporation. The practitioner shall inform the patient about the accreditation status and credentials of the laboratory.B\n\nThe Attorney General, an attorney of the Commonwealth, the attorney for a city, county or town, or any aggrieved patient may cause an action to be brought in the appropriate circuit court in the name of the Commonwealth, of the county, city or town, or of any aggrieved patient, to enjoin any violation of this section. The circuit court having jurisdiction may enjoin such violations, notwithstanding the existence of an adequate remedy at law. When an injunction is issued, the circuit court may impose a civil fine to be paid to the Literary Fund not to exceed $1,000. In any action under this section, it shall not be necessary that damages be proven.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":268187,"text":"Any practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to referral of a patient to any facility or entity engaged in the provision of health-related services, appliances or devices, including but not limited to physical therapy, hearing testing, or sale or fitting of hearing aids or eyeglasses provide the patient with a notice in bold print that discloses any known material financial interest of or ownership by the practitioner in such facility or entity and states that the services, appliances or devices may be available from other suppliers in the community. In making any such referral, the practitioner of the healing arts may render such recommendations as he considers appropriate, but shall advise the patient of his freedom of choice in the selection of such facility or entity. This section shall not be construed to permit any of the practices prohibited in &#xA7; 54.1-2914 or Chapter 24.1 (&#xA7; 54.1-2410 et seq.) of this title.\n\t\t\tIn addition, any practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to ordering any medical test from an independent clinical laboratory for a patient, provide the patient with notice in bold print that discloses any known material financial interest or ownership by the practitioner in such laboratory unless the independent clinical laboratory is operated by a publicly held corporation. The practitioner shall inform the patient about the accreditation status and credentials of the laboratory.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":268188,"text":"The Attorney General, an attorney of the Commonwealth, the attorney for a city, county or town, or any aggrieved patient may cause an action to be brought in the appropriate circuit court in the name of the Commonwealth, of the county, city or town, or of any aggrieved patient, to enjoin any violation of this section. The circuit court having jurisdiction may enjoin such violations, notwithstanding the existence of an adequate remedy at law. When an injunction is issued, the circuit court may impose a civil fine to be paid to the Literary Fund not to exceed $1,000. In any action under this section, it shall not be necessary that damages be proven.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12760,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Standards of Practice","identifier":"6","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12759,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":242459,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12760,"identifier":"6","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12759,"edition_id":1,"name":"Medicine and Other Healing Arts","identifier":"29","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12758,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12759,"identifier":"29","token":"54.1\/III\/29","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12758,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241105,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12758,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":57243,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2962","catch_line":"Division of fees among physicians prohibited","url":"\/54.1-2962\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2962","metadata":false},{"id":61370,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2962.01","catch_line":"Anatomic pathology services; fees","url":"\/54.1-2962.01\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2962.01","metadata":false},{"id":69059,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2962.1","catch_line":"Solicitation or receipt of remuneration in exchange for referral prohibited","url":"\/54.1-2962.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2962.1","metadata":false},{"id":61450,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2962.2","catch_line":"Physician-patient relationship; effect of certain emergency department treatment","url":"\/54.1-2962.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2962.2","metadata":false},{"id":53953,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2963","catch_line":"Selling vitamins or food supplements in connection with a practice of the healing arts; chiropractor recommending vitamins, minerals, or food supplements","url":"\/54.1-2963\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2963","metadata":false},{"id":85230,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2963.1","catch_line":"Disclosure of medical treatment options","url":"\/54.1-2963.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2963.1","metadata":false},{"id":80734,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2963.2","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/54.1-2963.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2963.2","metadata":false},{"id":74620,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2964","catch_line":"Disclosure of interest in referral facilities and clinical laboratories","url":"\/54.1-2964\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2964","metadata":false},{"id":58159,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2965","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2965\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2965","metadata":false},{"id":65325,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2966","catch_line":"Physicians reporting disabilities to aircraft pilots licensing authorities exempt from liability; testifying in certain proceedings","url":"\/54.1-2966\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2966","metadata":false},{"id":82938,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2966.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2966.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2966.1","metadata":false},{"id":68976,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2967","catch_line":"Physicians and others rendering medical aid to report certain wounds","url":"\/54.1-2967\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2967","metadata":false},{"id":72506,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2968","catch_line":"Information about certain individuals with disabilities","url":"\/54.1-2968\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2968","metadata":false},{"id":54830,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2969","catch_line":"Authority to consent to surgical and medical treatment of certain minors","url":"\/54.1-2969\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2969","metadata":false},{"id":83134,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2970","catch_line":"Medical treatment for certain persons incapable of giving informed consent","url":"\/54.1-2970\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2970","metadata":false},{"id":76802,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2970.1","catch_line":"Individual incapable of making informed decision; procedure for physical evidence recovery kit examination; consent by minors","url":"\/54.1-2970.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2970.1","metadata":false},{"id":71025,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2971","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2971\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2971","metadata":false},{"id":57814,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2971.01","catch_line":"Prescription in excess of recommended dosage in certain cases","url":"\/54.1-2971.01\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2971.01","metadata":false},{"id":79526,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2971.1","catch_line":"Disclosure for certain treatment of infertility","url":"\/54.1-2971.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2971.1","metadata":false},{"id":59523,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2972","catch_line":"When person deemed medically and legally dead; determination of death; nurses', licensed practical nurses', physician assistants', or advanced practice registered nurses' authority to pronounce death under certain circumstances","url":"\/54.1-2972\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2972","metadata":false},{"id":80891,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2973","catch_line":"Persons who may authorize postmortem examination of decedent's body","url":"\/54.1-2973\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2973","metadata":false},{"id":74475,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2973.1","catch_line":"Practice of laser hair removal","url":"\/54.1-2973.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2973.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80734,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2963.2","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/54.1-2963.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2963.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":58159,"structure_id":12760,"section_number":"54.1-2965","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2965\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2965","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2964\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1986. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 348 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1986 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1988, chapters 765 and 874; in 1989, chapter 282; in 1993, chapter 869.<\/p>","references":[{"id":70411,"section_number":"54.1-2914","catch_line":"Sale of controlled substances and medical devices or appliances; requirements for vision care services","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2914\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":87158,"section_number":"54.1-2410","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2410\/"},{"id":70411,"section_number":"54.1-2914","catch_line":"Sale of controlled substances and medical devices or appliances; requirements for vision care services","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2914\/"}],"permalink":{"id":242489,"object_type":"law","relational_id":74620,"identifier":"54.1-2964","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2964","url":"\/54.1-2964\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2964\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/6\/54.1-2964","dublin_core":{"Title":"Disclosure of interest in referral facilities and clinical laboratories","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2964","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Any practitioner of the <span class=\"dictionary\">healing arts<\/span> shall, prior to referral of a patient to any facility or entity engaged in the provision of health-related services, appliances or devices, including but not limited to physical therapy, <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> testing, or sale or fitting of <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> aids or eyeglasses provide the patient with a notice in bold print that discloses any known <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> financial interest of or ownership by the practitioner in such facility or entity and states that the services, appliances or devices may be available from other suppliers in the community. In making any such referral, the practitioner of the <span class=\"dictionary\">healing arts<\/span> may render such recommendations as he considers appropriate, but shall advise the patient of his freedom of choice in the selection of such facility or entity. This section shall not be construed to permit any of the practices prohibited in &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Sale of controlled substances and medical devices or appliances; requirements for vision care services\" href=\"\/54.1-2914\/\">54.1-2914<\/a> or Chapter 24.1 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Definitions\" href=\"\/54.1-2410\/\">54.1-2410<\/a> et seq.) of this title.\n\t\t\tIn addition, any practitioner of the <span class=\"dictionary\">healing arts<\/span> shall, prior to ordering any medical test from an independent clinical laboratory for a patient, provide the patient with notice in bold print that discloses any known <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> financial interest or ownership by the practitioner in such laboratory unless the independent clinical laboratory is operated by a publicly held corporation. The practitioner shall inform the patient about the accreditation status and credentials of the laboratory. <a id=\"paragraph-268187\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/54.1-2964\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span>, an attorney of the Commonwealth, the attorney for a city, county or town, or any aggrieved patient may cause an action to be brought in the appropriate <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> in the name of the Commonwealth, of the county, city or town, or of any aggrieved patient, to enjoin any violation of this section. The <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> having <span class=\"dictionary\">jurisdiction<\/span> may enjoin such violations, notwithstanding the existence of an adequate remedy at <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>. When an <span class=\"dictionary\">injunction<\/span> is issued, the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> may impose a civil fine to be paid to the Literary Fund not to exceed $1,000. In any action under this section, it shall not be necessary that <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> be proven. <a id=\"paragraph-268188\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/54.1-2964\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISCLOSURE OF INTEREST IN REFERRAL FACILITIES AND CLINICAL LABORATORIES (\u00a7\n54.1-2964)\n\nA. Any practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to referral of a patient to\nany facility or entity engaged in the provision of health-related services,\nappliances or devices, including but not limited to physical therapy, hearing\ntesting, or sale or fitting of hearing aids or eyeglasses provide the patient\nwith a notice in bold print that discloses any known material financial interest\nof or ownership by the practitioner in such facility or entity and states that\nthe services, appliances or devices may be available from other suppliers in the\ncommunity. In making any such referral, the practitioner of the healing arts may\nrender such recommendations as he considers appropriate, but shall advise the\npatient of his freedom of choice in the selection of such facility or entity.\nThis section shall not be construed to permit any of the practices prohibited in\n&#xA7; 54.1-2914 or Chapter 24.1 (&#xA7; 54.1-2410 et seq.) of this title.\n\t\t\tIn addition, any practitioner of the healing arts shall, prior to ordering\nany medical test from an independent clinical laboratory for a patient, provide\nthe patient with notice in bold print that discloses any known material\nfinancial interest or ownership by the practitioner in such laboratory unless\nthe independent clinical laboratory is operated by a publicly held corporation.\nThe practitioner shall inform the patient about the accreditation status and\ncredentials of the laboratory.\n\nB. The Attorney General, an attorney of the Commonwealth, the attorney for a\ncity, county or town, or any aggrieved patient may cause an action to be brought\nin the appropriate circuit court in the name of the Commonwealth, of the county,\ncity or town, or of any aggrieved patient, to enjoin any violation of this\nsection. The circuit court having jurisdiction may enjoin such violations,\nnotwithstanding the existence of an adequate remedy at law. When an injunction\nis issued, the circuit court may impose a civil fine to be paid to the Literary\nFund not to exceed $1,000. In any action under this section, it shall not be\nnecessary that damages be proven.\n\nHISTORY: 1986, c. 348, \u00a7 54-278.3; 1988, cc. 765, 874; 1989, c. 282; 1993, c.\n869.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}