{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-3452.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-3452.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-3452.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-3452.html"}],"law_id":62803,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62803,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3452","catch_line":"Schedule IV","history":"1972, c. 798, \u00a7 54-524.84:10; 1976, c. 614; 1977, c. 302; 1978, c. 705; 1979, c. 387; 1982, c. 505; 1986, c. 463; 1988, cc. 283, 765; 1992, c. 737; 1994, c. 763; 1998, c. 105; 1999, c. 605; 2000, c. 135; 2003, c. 640; 2006, c. 346; 2010, c. 423; 2012, c. 540; 2014, c. 74; 2015, c. 303; 2016, c. 499; 2022, cc. 114, 115; 2024, cc. 62, 228; 2025, c. 118.","full_text":"The controlled substances listed in this section are included in Schedule IV unless specifically excepted or listed in another schedule:\n\n1\n\nAny material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a depressant effect on the central nervous system:\n\t\t\tAlfaxalone (5[alpha]-pregnan-3[alpha]-ol-11,20-dione), previously spelled “alphaxalone,” including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers;\n\t\t\tAlprazolam;\n\t\t\tBarbital;\n\t\t\tBrexanolone;\n\t\t\tBromazepam;\n\t\t\tCamazepam;\n\t\t\tCarisoprodol;\n\t\t\tChloral betaine;\n\t\t\tChloral hydrate;\n\t\t\tChlordiazepoxide;\n\t\t\tClobazam;\n\t\t\tClonazepam;\n\t\t\tClorazepate;\n\t\t\tClotiazepam;\n\t\t\tCloxazolam;\n\t\t\tDaridorexant;\n\t\t\tDelorazepam;\n\t\t\tDiazepam;\n\t\t\tDichloralphenazone;\n\t\t\tEstazolam;\n\t\t\tEthchlorvynol;\n\t\t\tEthinamate;\n\t\t\tEthyl loflazepate;\n\t\t\tFludiazepam;\n\t\t\tFlunitrazepam;\n\t\t\tFlurazepam;\n\t\t\tFospropofol;\n\t\t\tHalazepam;\n\t\t\tHaloxazolam;\n\t\t\tKetazolam;\n\t\t\tLemborexant;\n\t\t\tLoprazolam;\n\t\t\tLorazepam;\n\t\t\tLormetazepam;\n\t\t\tMebutamate;\n\t\t\tMedazepam;\n\t\t\tMethohexital;\n\t\t\tMeprobamate;\n\t\t\tMethylphenobarbital;\n\t\t\tMidazolam;\n\t\t\tNimetazepam;\n\t\t\tNitrazepam;\n\t\t\tNordiazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazolam;\n\t\t\tParaldehyde;\n\t\t\tPetrichloral;\n\t\t\tPhenobarbital;\n\t\t\tPinazepam;\n\t\t\tPrazepam;\n\t\t\tQuazepam;\n\t\t\tRemimazolam;\n\t\t\tSuvorexant ([(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2- (2H-1, 2, 3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone), including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers;\n\t\t\tTemazepam;\n\t\t\tTetrazepam;\n\t\t\tTriazolam;\n\t\t\tZaleplon;\n\t\t\tZolpidem;\n\t\t\tZopiclone;\n\t\t\tZuranolone.2\n\nAny compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances including any salts or isomers thereof:\n\t\t\tLorcaserin.3\n\nUnless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers (whether optical, position, or geometric), and salts of such isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:\n\t\t\tCathine (+)-norpseudoephedrine;\n\t\t\tDiethylpropion;\n\t\t\tFencamfamin;\n\t\t\tFenproprex;\n\t\t\tMazindol;\n\t\t\tMefenorex;\n\t\t\tModafinil;\n\t\t\tPhentermine;\n\t\t\tPemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);\n\t\t\tPipradrol;\n\t\t\tSerdexmethylphenidate;\n\t\t\tSibutramine;\n\t\t\tSolriamfetol (2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate);\n\t\t\tSPA (-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane.4\n\nUnless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:\n\t\t\tDextropropoxyphene (alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane);\n\t\t\tNot more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;\n\t\t\t2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, and salts of such isomers, including tramadol.5\n\nUnless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including their salts:\n\t\t\tButorphanol (including its optical isomers);\n\t\t\tEluxadoline (including its optical isomers and its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers);\n\t\t\tPentazocine.6\n\nThe Board may except by regulation any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant substance listed in subdivision 1 from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included therein in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which have a depressant effect on the central nervous system.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":228923,"text":"The controlled substances listed in this section are included in Schedule IV unless specifically excepted or listed in another schedule:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":228924,"text":"Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a depressant effect on the central nervous system:\n\t\t\tAlfaxalone (5[alpha]-pregnan-3[alpha]-ol-11,20-dione), previously spelled “alphaxalone,” including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers;\n\t\t\tAlprazolam;\n\t\t\tBarbital;\n\t\t\tBrexanolone;\n\t\t\tBromazepam;\n\t\t\tCamazepam;\n\t\t\tCarisoprodol;\n\t\t\tChloral betaine;\n\t\t\tChloral hydrate;\n\t\t\tChlordiazepoxide;\n\t\t\tClobazam;\n\t\t\tClonazepam;\n\t\t\tClorazepate;\n\t\t\tClotiazepam;\n\t\t\tCloxazolam;\n\t\t\tDaridorexant;\n\t\t\tDelorazepam;\n\t\t\tDiazepam;\n\t\t\tDichloralphenazone;\n\t\t\tEstazolam;\n\t\t\tEthchlorvynol;\n\t\t\tEthinamate;\n\t\t\tEthyl loflazepate;\n\t\t\tFludiazepam;\n\t\t\tFlunitrazepam;\n\t\t\tFlurazepam;\n\t\t\tFospropofol;\n\t\t\tHalazepam;\n\t\t\tHaloxazolam;\n\t\t\tKetazolam;\n\t\t\tLemborexant;\n\t\t\tLoprazolam;\n\t\t\tLorazepam;\n\t\t\tLormetazepam;\n\t\t\tMebutamate;\n\t\t\tMedazepam;\n\t\t\tMethohexital;\n\t\t\tMeprobamate;\n\t\t\tMethylphenobarbital;\n\t\t\tMidazolam;\n\t\t\tNimetazepam;\n\t\t\tNitrazepam;\n\t\t\tNordiazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazolam;\n\t\t\tParaldehyde;\n\t\t\tPetrichloral;\n\t\t\tPhenobarbital;\n\t\t\tPinazepam;\n\t\t\tPrazepam;\n\t\t\tQuazepam;\n\t\t\tRemimazolam;\n\t\t\tSuvorexant ([(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2- (2H-1, 2, 3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone), including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers;\n\t\t\tTemazepam;\n\t\t\tTetrazepam;\n\t\t\tTriazolam;\n\t\t\tZaleplon;\n\t\t\tZolpidem;\n\t\t\tZopiclone;\n\t\t\tZuranolone.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":228925,"text":"Any compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances including any salts or isomers thereof:\n\t\t\tLorcaserin.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":228926,"text":"Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers (whether optical, position, or geometric), and salts of such isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:\n\t\t\tCathine (+)-norpseudoephedrine;\n\t\t\tDiethylpropion;\n\t\t\tFencamfamin;\n\t\t\tFenproprex;\n\t\t\tMazindol;\n\t\t\tMefenorex;\n\t\t\tModafinil;\n\t\t\tPhentermine;\n\t\t\tPemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);\n\t\t\tPipradrol;\n\t\t\tSerdexmethylphenidate;\n\t\t\tSibutramine;\n\t\t\tSolriamfetol (2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate);\n\t\t\tSPA (-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":228927,"text":"Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:\n\t\t\tDextropropoxyphene (alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane);\n\t\t\tNot more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;\n\t\t\t2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, and salts of such isomers, including tramadol.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":228928,"text":"Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including their salts:\n\t\t\tButorphanol (including its optical isomers);\n\t\t\tEluxadoline (including its optical isomers and its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers);\n\t\t\tPentazocine.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":228929,"text":"The Board may except by regulation any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant substance listed in subdivision 1 from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included therein in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which have a depressant effect on the central nervous system.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13782,"edition_id":1,"name":"Standards and Schedules","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13240,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:52","permalink":{"id":243623,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13782,"identifier":"5","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5","url":"\/54.1\/III\/34\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13240,"edition_id":1,"name":"Drug Control Act","identifier":"34","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12758,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":243223,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13240,"identifier":"34","token":"54.1\/III\/34","url":"\/54.1\/III\/34\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12758,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241105,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12758,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66818,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3443","catch_line":"Board to administer article","url":"\/54.1-3443\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3443","metadata":false},{"id":70506,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3444","catch_line":"Controlled substances included by whatever name designated","url":"\/54.1-3444\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3444","metadata":false},{"id":55398,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3445","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule I","url":"\/54.1-3445\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3445","metadata":false},{"id":61892,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3446","catch_line":"Schedule I","url":"\/54.1-3446\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3446","metadata":false},{"id":65202,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3447","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule II","url":"\/54.1-3447\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3447","metadata":false},{"id":56998,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3448","catch_line":"Schedule II","url":"\/54.1-3448\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3448","metadata":false},{"id":62478,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3449","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule III","url":"\/54.1-3449\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3449","metadata":false},{"id":76280,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3450","catch_line":"Schedule III","url":"\/54.1-3450\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3450","metadata":false},{"id":56931,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3451","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule IV","url":"\/54.1-3451\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3451","metadata":false},{"id":62803,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3452","catch_line":"Schedule IV","url":"\/54.1-3452\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3452","metadata":false},{"id":67045,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3453","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule 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IV","url":"\/54.1-3451\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3451","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":67045,"structure_id":13782,"section_number":"54.1-3453","catch_line":"Placement of substance in Schedule V","url":"\/54.1-3453\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3453","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-3452\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 798 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 22 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1976, chapter 614; in 1977, chapter 302; in 1978, chapter 705; in 1979, chapter 387; in 1982, chapter 505; in 1986, chapter 463; in 1988, chapters 283 and 765; in 1992, chapter 737; in 1994, chapter 763<\/a>; in 1998, chapter 105<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 605<\/a>; in 2000, chapter 135<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 640<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 346<\/a>; in 2010, chapter 423<\/a>; in 2012, chapter 540<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 74<\/a>; in 2015, chapter 303<\/a>; in 2016, chapter 499<\/a>; in 2022, chapters 114<\/a> and 115<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 62<\/a> and 228<\/a>; in 2025, chapter 118<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":60795,"section_number":"18.2-251.2","catch_line":"Possession and distribution of flunitrazepam; enhanced penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-251.2\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":243661,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62803,"identifier":"54.1-3452","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3452","url":"\/54.1-3452\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-3452\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34\/5\/54.1-3452","dublin_core":{"Title":"Schedule IV","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-3452","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The controlled substances<\/span> listed in this section are included in Schedule IV unless specifically excepted or listed in another schedule:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Any material<\/span>, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a depressant effect on the central nervous system:\n\t\t\tAlfaxalone (5[alpha]-pregnan-3[alpha]-ol-11,20-dione), previously spelled “alphaxalone,” including its salts, isomers<\/span>, and salts of isomers<\/span>;\n\t\t\tAlprazolam;\n\t\t\tBarbital;\n\t\t\tBrexanolone;\n\t\t\tBromazepam;\n\t\t\tCamazepam;\n\t\t\tCarisoprodol;\n\t\t\tChloral betaine;\n\t\t\tChloral hydrate;\n\t\t\tChlordiazepoxide;\n\t\t\tClobazam;\n\t\t\tClonazepam;\n\t\t\tClorazepate;\n\t\t\tClotiazepam;\n\t\t\tCloxazolam;\n\t\t\tDaridorexant;\n\t\t\tDelorazepam;\n\t\t\tDiazepam;\n\t\t\tDichloralphenazone;\n\t\t\tEstazolam;\n\t\t\tEthchlorvynol;\n\t\t\tEthinamate;\n\t\t\tEthyl loflazepate;\n\t\t\tFludiazepam;\n\t\t\tFlunitrazepam;\n\t\t\tFlurazepam;\n\t\t\tFospropofol;\n\t\t\tHalazepam;\n\t\t\tHaloxazolam;\n\t\t\tKetazolam;\n\t\t\tLemborexant;\n\t\t\tLoprazolam;\n\t\t\tLorazepam;\n\t\t\tLormetazepam;\n\t\t\tMebutamate;\n\t\t\tMedazepam;\n\t\t\tMethohexital;\n\t\t\tMeprobamate;\n\t\t\tMethylphenobarbital;\n\t\t\tMidazolam;\n\t\t\tNimetazepam;\n\t\t\tNitrazepam;\n\t\t\tNordiazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazolam;\n\t\t\tParaldehyde;\n\t\t\tPetrichloral;\n\t\t\tPhenobarbital;\n\t\t\tPinazepam;\n\t\t\tPrazepam;\n\t\t\tQuazepam;\n\t\t\tRemimazolam;\n\t\t\tSuvorexant ([(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2- (2H-1, 2, 3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone), including its salts, isomers<\/span>, and salts of isomers<\/span>;\n\t\t\tTemazepam;\n\t\t\tTetrazepam;\n\t\t\tTriazolam;\n\t\t\tZaleplon;\n\t\t\tZolpidem;\n\t\t\tZopiclone;\n\t\t\tZuranolone. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Any compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances including any salts or isomers<\/span> thereof:\n\t\t\tLorcaserin. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material<\/span>, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers<\/span> (whether optical, position, or geometric), and salts of such isomers<\/span> whenever the existence of such salts, isomers<\/span>, and salts of isomers<\/span> is possible within the specific chemical designation:\n\t\t\tCathine (+)-norpseudoephedrine;\n\t\t\tDiethylpropion;\n\t\t\tFencamfamin;\n\t\t\tFenproprex;\n\t\t\tMazindol;\n\t\t\tMefenorex;\n\t\t\tModafinil;\n\t\t\tPhentermine;\n\t\t\tPemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);\n\t\t\tPipradrol;\n\t\t\tSerdexmethylphenidate;\n\t\t\tSibutramine;\n\t\t\tSolriamfetol (2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate);\n\t\t\tSPA (-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material<\/span>, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs<\/span>, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:\n\t\t\tDextropropoxyphene (alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane);\n\t\t\tNot more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit;\n\t\t\t2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts, optical and geometric isomers<\/span>, and salts of such isomers<\/span>, including tramadol. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material<\/span>, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including their salts:\n\t\t\tButorphanol (including its optical isomers<\/span>);\n\t\t\tEluxadoline (including its optical isomers<\/span> and its salts, isomers<\/span>, and salts of isomers<\/span>);\n\t\t\tPentazocine. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> The Board<\/span> may except by regulation any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant substance listed in subdivision 1 from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included therein in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which have a depressant effect on the central nervous system. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSCHEDULE IV (\u00a7 54.1-3452)\n\nThe controlled substances listed in this section are included in Schedule IV\nunless specifically excepted or listed in another schedule:\n\n1. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity\nof the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a\ndepressant effect on the central nervous system:\n\t\t\tAlfaxalone (5[alpha]-pregnan-3[alpha]-ol-11,20-dione), previously spelled\n“alphaxalone,” including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers;\n\t\t\tAlprazolam;\n\t\t\tBarbital;\n\t\t\tBrexanolone;\n\t\t\tBromazepam;\n\t\t\tCamazepam;\n\t\t\tCarisoprodol;\n\t\t\tChloral betaine;\n\t\t\tChloral hydrate;\n\t\t\tChlordiazepoxide;\n\t\t\tClobazam;\n\t\t\tClonazepam;\n\t\t\tClorazepate;\n\t\t\tClotiazepam;\n\t\t\tCloxazolam;\n\t\t\tDaridorexant;\n\t\t\tDelorazepam;\n\t\t\tDiazepam;\n\t\t\tDichloralphenazone;\n\t\t\tEstazolam;\n\t\t\tEthchlorvynol;\n\t\t\tEthinamate;\n\t\t\tEthyl loflazepate;\n\t\t\tFludiazepam;\n\t\t\tFlunitrazepam;\n\t\t\tFlurazepam;\n\t\t\tFospropofol;\n\t\t\tHalazepam;\n\t\t\tHaloxazolam;\n\t\t\tKetazolam;\n\t\t\tLemborexant;\n\t\t\tLoprazolam;\n\t\t\tLorazepam;\n\t\t\tLormetazepam;\n\t\t\tMebutamate;\n\t\t\tMedazepam;\n\t\t\tMethohexital;\n\t\t\tMeprobamate;\n\t\t\tMethylphenobarbital;\n\t\t\tMidazolam;\n\t\t\tNimetazepam;\n\t\t\tNitrazepam;\n\t\t\tNordiazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazepam;\n\t\t\tOxazolam;\n\t\t\tParaldehyde;\n\t\t\tPetrichloral;\n\t\t\tPhenobarbital;\n\t\t\tPinazepam;\n\t\t\tPrazepam;\n\t\t\tQuazepam;\n\t\t\tRemimazolam;\n\t\t\tSuvorexant\n([(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-\n(2H-1, 2, 3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone), including its salts, isomers, and\nsalts of isomers;\n\t\t\tTemazepam;\n\t\t\tTetrazepam;\n\t\t\tTriazolam;\n\t\t\tZaleplon;\n\t\t\tZolpidem;\n\t\t\tZopiclone;\n\t\t\tZuranolone.\n\n2. Any compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the\nfollowing substances including any salts or isomers thereof:\n\t\t\tLorcaserin.\n\n3. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any\nmaterial, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the\nfollowing substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system,\nincluding its salts, isomers (whether optical, position, or geometric), and\nsalts of such isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts\nof isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:\n\t\t\tCathine (+)-norpseudoephedrine;\n\t\t\tDiethylpropion;\n\t\t\tFencamfamin;\n\t\t\tFenproprex;\n\t\t\tMazindol;\n\t\t\tMefenorex;\n\t\t\tModafinil;\n\t\t\tPhentermine;\n\t\t\tPemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof);\n\t\t\tPipradrol;\n\t\t\tSerdexmethylphenidate;\n\t\t\tSibutramine;\n\t\t\tSolriamfetol (2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate);\n\t\t\tSPA (-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane.\n\n4. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any\nmaterial, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following\nnarcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or\nalkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:\n\t\t\tDextropropoxyphene\n(alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane);\n\t\t\tNot more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of\natropine sulfate per dosage unit;\n\t\t\t2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts,\noptical and geometric isomers, and salts of such isomers, including tramadol.\n\n5. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any\nmaterial, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the\nfollowing substances, including their salts:\n\t\t\tButorphanol (including its optical isomers);\n\t\t\tEluxadoline (including its optical isomers and its salts, isomers, and salts\nof isomers);\n\t\t\tPentazocine.\n\n6. The Board may except by regulation any compound, mixture, or preparation\ncontaining any depressant substance listed in subdivision 1 from the application\nof all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation\ncontains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect\non the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included therein in\ncombinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential\nfor abuse of the substances which have a depressant effect on the central\nnervous system.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 798, \u00a7 54-524.84:10; 1976, c. 614; 1977, c. 302; 1978, c.\n705; 1979, c. 387; 1982, c. 505; 1986, c. 463; 1988, cc. 283, 765; 1992, c. 737;\n1994, c. 763; 1998, c. 105; 1999, c. 605; 2000, c. 135; 2003, c. 640; 2006, c.\n346; 2010, c. 423; 2012, c. 540; 2014, c. 74; 2015, c. 303; 2016, c. 499; 2022,\ncc. 114, 115; 2024, cc. 62, 228; 2025, c. 118.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}