{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-3490.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-3490.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-3490.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-3490.html"}],"law_id":85386,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85386,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3490","catch_line":"Adverse actions","history":"2019, c. 300.","full_text":"A\n\nA home state shall have exclusive power to impose adverse action against a license issued by the home state.B\n\nA home state may take adverse action based on the investigative information of a remote state, so long as the home state follows its own procedures for imposing adverse action.C\n\nNothing in this Compact shall override a member state’s decision that participation in an alternative program may be used in lieu of adverse action and that such participation shall remain non-public if required by the member state’s laws. Member states must require licensees who enter any alternative programs in lieu of discipline to agree not to practice in any other member state during the term of the alternative program without prior authorization from such other member state.D\n\nAny member state may investigate actual or alleged violations of the statutes and rules authorizing the practice of physical therapy in any other member state in which a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant holds a license or compact privilege.E\n\nA remote state shall have the authority to:1\n\nTake adverse actions as set forth in subsection D of § 54.1-3488 against a licensee’s compact privilege in the state;2\n\nIssue subpoenas for both hearings and investigations that require the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Subpoenas issued by a physical therapy licensing board in a party state for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and\/or the production of evidence from another party state shall be enforced in the latter state by any court of competent jurisdiction, according to the practice and procedure of that court applicable to subpoenas issued in proceedings pending before it. The issuing authority shall pay any witness fees, travel expenses, mileage, and other fees required by the service statutes of the state where the witnesses and\/or evidence are located; and3\n\nIf otherwise permitted by state law, recover from the licensee the costs of investigations and disposition of cases resulting from any adverse action taken against that licensee.F\n\nJoint investigations.1\n\nIn addition to the authority granted to a member state by its respective physical therapy practice act or other applicable state law, a member state may participate with other member states in joint investigations of licensees.2\n\nMember states shall share any investigative, litigation, or compliance materials in furtherance of any joint or individual investigation initiated under the Compact.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":305870,"text":"A home state shall have exclusive power to impose adverse action against a license issued by the home state.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":305871,"text":"A home state may take adverse action based on the investigative information of a remote state, so long as the home state follows its own procedures for imposing adverse action.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":305872,"text":"Nothing in this Compact shall override a member state’s decision that participation in an alternative program may be used in lieu of adverse action and that such participation shall remain non-public if required by the member state’s laws. Member states must require licensees who enter any alternative programs in lieu of discipline to agree not to practice in any other member state during the term of the alternative program without prior authorization from such other member state.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":305873,"text":"Any member state may investigate actual or alleged violations of the statutes and rules authorizing the practice of physical therapy in any other member state in which a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant holds a license or compact privilege.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":305874,"text":"A remote state shall have the authority to:","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"E1"},"5":{"id":305875,"text":"Take adverse actions as set forth in subsection D of § 54.1-3488 against a licensee’s compact privilege in the state;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"E1","prefix_anchor":"E1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"E2"},"6":{"id":305876,"text":"Issue subpoenas for both hearings and investigations that require the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Subpoenas issued by a physical therapy licensing board in a party state for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and\/or the production of evidence from another party state shall be enforced in the latter state by any court of competent jurisdiction, according to the practice and procedure of that court applicable to subpoenas issued in proceedings pending before it. The issuing authority shall pay any witness fees, travel expenses, mileage, and other fees required by the service statutes of the state where the witnesses and\/or evidence are located; and","type":"section","prefixes":["E","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"E2","prefix_anchor":"E2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E1","next_prefix":"E3"},"7":{"id":305877,"text":"If otherwise permitted by state law, recover from the licensee the costs of investigations and disposition of cases resulting from any adverse action taken against that licensee.","type":"section","prefixes":["E","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"E3","prefix_anchor":"E3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E2","next_prefix":"F"},"8":{"id":305878,"text":"Joint investigations.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E3","next_prefix":"F1"},"9":{"id":305879,"text":"In addition to the authority granted to a member state by its respective physical therapy practice act or other applicable state law, a member state may participate with other member states in joint investigations of licensees.","type":"section","prefixes":["F","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"F1","prefix_anchor":"F1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"F2"},"10":{"id":305880,"text":"Member states shall share any investigative, litigation, or compliance materials in furtherance of any joint or individual investigation initiated under the Compact.","type":"section","prefixes":["F","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"F2","prefix_anchor":"F2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"F1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13160,"edition_id":1,"name":"Physical Therapy Licensure Compact","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13028,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:22","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:22","permalink":{"id":243813,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13160,"identifier":"2","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2","url":"\/54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13028,"edition_id":1,"name":"Physical Therapy","identifier":"34.1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12758,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","permalink":{"id":243753,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13028,"identifier":"34.1","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1","url":"\/54.1\/III\/34.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12758,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":241105,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12758,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":57386,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3485","catch_line":"Form of compact; declaration of purpose","url":"\/54.1-3485\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3485","metadata":false},{"id":65868,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3486","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-3486\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3486","metadata":false},{"id":80497,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3487","catch_line":"State participation in the Compact","url":"\/54.1-3487\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3487","metadata":false},{"id":71548,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3488","catch_line":"Compact privilege","url":"\/54.1-3488\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3488","metadata":false},{"id":82134,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3489","catch_line":"Active duty military personnel or their spouses","url":"\/54.1-3489\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3489","metadata":false},{"id":85386,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3490","catch_line":"Adverse actions","url":"\/54.1-3490\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3490","metadata":false},{"id":60676,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3491","catch_line":"Establishment of the Physical Therapy Compact Commission","url":"\/54.1-3491\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3491","metadata":false},{"id":58654,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3492","catch_line":"Data system","url":"\/54.1-3492\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3492","metadata":false},{"id":54181,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3493","catch_line":"Rulemaking","url":"\/54.1-3493\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3493","metadata":false},{"id":55587,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3494","catch_line":"Oversight, dispute resolution, and enforcement","url":"\/54.1-3494\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3494","metadata":false},{"id":74661,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3495","catch_line":"Date of implementation of the Interstate Commission for Physical Therapy Practice and associated rules, withdrawal, and amendment","url":"\/54.1-3495\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3495","metadata":false},{"id":84688,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3496","catch_line":"Construction and severability","url":"\/54.1-3496\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3496","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82134,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3489","catch_line":"Active duty military personnel or their spouses","url":"\/54.1-3489\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3489","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":60676,"structure_id":13160,"section_number":"54.1-3491","catch_line":"Establishment of the Physical Therapy Compact Commission","url":"\/54.1-3491\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3491","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-3490\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2019. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 300<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":71548,"section_number":"54.1-3488","catch_line":"Compact privilege","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3488\/"}],"permalink":{"id":243835,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85386,"identifier":"54.1-3490","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3490","url":"\/54.1-3490\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-3490\/","token":"54.1\/III\/34.1\/2\/54.1-3490","dublin_core":{"Title":"Adverse actions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-3490","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A home state shall have exclusive power to impose adverse action against a license issued by the home state. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A home state may take adverse action based on the investigative information of a remote state, so long as the home state follows its own procedures for imposing adverse action. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Nothing in this Compact shall override a member state’s decision that participation in an alternative program may be used in lieu of adverse action and that such participation shall remain non-public if required by the member state’s laws<\/span>. Member states must require licensees who enter any alternative programs in lieu of discipline to agree not to practice in any other member state during the term of the alternative program without prior authorization from such other member state. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Any member state may investigate actual or alleged violations of the statutes<\/span> and rules authorizing the practice of physical therapy<\/span> in any other member state in which a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant<\/span> holds a license or compact privilege<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> A remote state shall have the authority to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Take adverse actions as set forth in subsection D of § 54.1-3488<\/a> against a licensee’s compact privilege<\/span> in the state; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Issue<\/span> subpoenas<\/span> for both hearings<\/span> and investigations that require the attendance and testimony<\/span> of witnesses and the production of evidence<\/span>. Subpoenas<\/span> issued by a physical therapy licensing board<\/span> in a party<\/span> state for the attendance and testimony<\/span> of witnesses and\/or the production of evidence<\/span> from another party<\/span> state shall be enforced in the latter state by any court<\/span> of competent jurisdiction<\/span>, according to the practice and procedure of that court<\/span> applicable to subpoenas<\/span> issued in proceedings pending before it. The issuing authority shall pay any witness<\/span> fees, travel expenses, mileage, and other fees required by the service statutes<\/span> of the state where the witnesses and\/or evidence<\/span> are located; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> If otherwise permitted by state law<\/span>, recover from the licensee the costs of investigations and disposition<\/span> of cases resulting from any adverse action taken against that licensee. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Joint investigations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> In addition to the authority granted to a member state by its respective physical therapy practice act or other applicable state law<\/span>, a member state may participate with other member states in joint investigations of licensees. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Member states shall share any investigative, litigation<\/span>, or compliance materials<\/span> in furtherance of any joint or individual investigation initiated under the Compact. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nADVERSE ACTIONS (\u00a7 54.1-3490)\n\nA. A home state shall have exclusive power to impose adverse action against a\nlicense issued by the home state.\n\nB. A home state may take adverse action based on the investigative information\nof a remote state, so long as the home state follows its own procedures for\nimposing adverse action.\n\nC. Nothing in this Compact shall override a member state’s decision that\nparticipation in an alternative program may be used in lieu of adverse action\nand that such participation shall remain non-public if required by the member\nstate’s laws. Member states must require licensees who enter any\nalternative programs in lieu of discipline to agree not to practice in any other\nmember state during the term of the alternative program without prior\nauthorization from such other member state.\n\nD. Any member state may investigate actual or alleged violations of the statutes\nand rules authorizing the practice of physical therapy in any other member state\nin which a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant holds a license or\ncompact privilege.\n\nE. A remote state shall have the authority to:\n\n 1. Take adverse actions as set forth in subsection D of § 54.1-3488\n against a licensee’s compact privilege in the state;\n\n 2. Issue subpoenas for both hearings and investigations that require the\n attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence.\n Subpoenas issued by a physical therapy licensing board in a party state for\n the attendance and testimony of witnesses and\/or the production of evidence\n from another party state shall be enforced in the latter state by any court of\n competent jurisdiction, according to the practice and procedure of that court\n applicable to subpoenas issued in proceedings pending before it. The issuing\n authority shall pay any witness fees, travel expenses, mileage, and other fees\n required by the service statutes of the state where the witnesses and\/or\n evidence are located; and\n\n 3. If otherwise permitted by state law, recover from the licensee the costs of\n investigations and disposition of cases resulting from any adverse action\n taken against that licensee.\n\nF. Joint investigations.\n\n 1. In addition to the authority granted to a member state by its respective\n physical therapy practice act or other applicable state law, a member state\n may participate with other member states in joint investigations of licensees.\n\n 2. Member states shall share any investigative, litigation, or compliance\n materials in furtherance of any joint or individual investigation initiated\n under the Compact.\n\nHISTORY: 2019, c. 300.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}