{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/54.1-540.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/54.1-540.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/54.1-540.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/54.1-540.html"}],"law_id":84203,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84203,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-540","catch_line":"Civil remedy; penalty","history":"2020, c. 481, \u00a7 54.1-533.","full_text":"A\n\nAn educational institution or student-athlete may bring an action for damages against an athlete agent if the institution or student-athlete is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent in violation of this chapter. An educational institution or student-athlete is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent only if, because of the act or omission, the institution or an individual who was a student-athlete at the time of the act or omission and enrolled in the institution (i) is suspended or disqualified from participation in an interscholastic or intercollegiate sports event by or under the rules of a state or national federation or association that promotes or regulates interscholastic or intercollegiate sports or (ii) suffers financial damage.B\n\nA plaintiff that prevails in an action under this section may recover actual damages, punitive damages, costs, and reasonable attorney fees. An athlete agent found liable under this section forfeits any right of payment for anything of benefit or value provided to the student-athlete and shall refund any consideration paid to the agent by or on behalf of the student-athlete.C\n\nA violation of this chapter also shall constitute a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196 et seq.).D\n\nThe Director may assess a civil penalty against an athlete agent not to exceed $50,000 for a violation of this chapter.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":301790,"text":"An educational institution or student-athlete may bring an action for damages against an athlete agent if the institution or student-athlete is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent in violation of this chapter. An educational institution or student-athlete is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent only if, because of the act or omission, the institution or an individual who was a student-athlete at the time of the act or omission and enrolled in the institution (i) is suspended or disqualified from participation in an interscholastic or intercollegiate sports event by or under the rules of a state or national federation or association that promotes or regulates interscholastic or intercollegiate sports or (ii) suffers financial damage.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":301791,"text":"A plaintiff that prevails in an action under this section may recover actual damages, punitive damages, costs, and reasonable attorney fees. An athlete agent found liable under this section forfeits any right of payment for anything of benefit or value provided to the student-athlete and shall refund any consideration paid to the agent by or on behalf of the student-athlete.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":301792,"text":"A violation of this chapter also shall constitute a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":301793,"text":"The Director may assess a civil penalty against an athlete agent not to exceed $50,000 for a violation of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13306,"edition_id":1,"name":"Athlete Agents","identifier":"5.2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12755,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:37","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:37","permalink":{"id":240761,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13306,"identifier":"5.2","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2","url":"\/54.1\/II\/5.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12755,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12754,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239415,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12755,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12754,"edition_id":1,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":239313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12754,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61060,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-526","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-526\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-526","metadata":false},{"id":76371,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-527","catch_line":"Authority; procedure","url":"\/54.1-527\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-527","metadata":false},{"id":81682,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-528","catch_line":"Athlete agent; registration required; void contract","url":"\/54.1-528\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-528","metadata":false},{"id":71929,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-529","catch_line":"Registration as athlete agent; application; requirements; reciprocal registration; penalty","url":"\/54.1-529\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-529","metadata":false},{"id":75849,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-530","catch_line":"Certificate of registration; issuance or denials; renewal","url":"\/54.1-530\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-530","metadata":false},{"id":74728,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-531","catch_line":"Suspension, revocation, or refusal to renew registration","url":"\/54.1-531\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-531","metadata":false},{"id":71493,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-532","catch_line":"Temporary registration","url":"\/54.1-532\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-532","metadata":false},{"id":86089,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-533","catch_line":"Registration and renewal fees","url":"\/54.1-533\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-533","metadata":false},{"id":71796,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-534","catch_line":"Required form of agency contract","url":"\/54.1-534\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-534","metadata":false},{"id":74305,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-535","catch_line":"Notice to educational institution","url":"\/54.1-535\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-535","metadata":false},{"id":55456,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-536","catch_line":"Student-athlete's right to cancel","url":"\/54.1-536\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-536","metadata":false},{"id":54295,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-537","catch_line":"Required records","url":"\/54.1-537\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-537","metadata":false},{"id":62500,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-538","catch_line":"Prohibited conduct","url":"\/54.1-538\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-538","metadata":false},{"id":69392,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-539","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/54.1-539\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-539","metadata":false},{"id":84203,"structure_id":13306,"section_number":"54.1-540","catch_line":"Civil remedy; 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This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 481<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":56198,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-196\/"}],"permalink":{"id":240819,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84203,"identifier":"54.1-540","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-540","url":"\/54.1-540\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-540\/","token":"54.1\/II\/5.2\/54.1-540","dublin_core":{"Title":"Civil remedy; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-540","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> An educational institution<\/span> or student-athlete<\/span> may bring an action for damages<\/span> against an athlete agent<\/span> if the institution or student-athlete<\/span> is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent in violation of this chapter. An educational institution<\/span> or student-athlete<\/span> is adversely affected by an act or omission of the agent only if, because of the act or omission, the institution or an individual who was a student-athlete<\/span> at the time of the act or omission and enrolled<\/span> in the institution (i) is suspended or disqualified from participation in an interscholastic or intercollegiate sports<\/span> event by or under the rules of a state<\/span> or national federation or association that promotes or regulates interscholastic or intercollegiate sports<\/span> or (ii) suffers financial damage. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A plaintiff<\/span> that prevails in an action under this section may recover actual damages<\/span>, punitive damages<\/span>, costs, and reasonable attorney fees. An athlete agent<\/span> found liable under this section forfeits any right of payment for anything of benefit or value provided to the student-athlete<\/span> and shall refund any consideration paid to the agent by or on behalf of the student-athlete<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A violation of this chapter also shall constitute a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The Director<\/span> may assess a civil penalty<\/span> against an athlete agent<\/span> not to exceed $50,000 for a violation of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCIVIL REMEDY; PENALTY (\u00a7 54.1-540)\n\nA. An educational institution or student-athlete may bring an action for damages\nagainst an athlete agent if the institution or student-athlete is adversely\naffected by an act or omission of the agent in violation of this chapter. An\neducational institution or student-athlete is adversely affected by an act or\nomission of the agent only if, because of the act or omission, the institution\nor an individual who was a student-athlete at the time of the act or omission\nand enrolled in the institution (i) is suspended or disqualified from\nparticipation in an interscholastic or intercollegiate sports event by or under\nthe rules of a state or national federation or association that promotes or\nregulates interscholastic or intercollegiate sports or (ii) suffers financial\ndamage.\n\nB. A plaintiff that prevails in an action under this section may recover actual\ndamages, punitive damages, costs, and reasonable attorney fees. An athlete agent\nfound liable under this section forfeits any right of payment for anything of\nbenefit or value provided to the student-athlete and shall refund any\nconsideration paid to the agent by or on behalf of the student-athlete.\n\nC. A violation of this chapter also shall constitute a violation of the Virginia\nConsumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196 et seq.).\n\nD. The Director may assess a civil penalty against an athlete agent not to\nexceed $50,000 for a violation of this chapter.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, c. 481, \u00a7 54.1-533.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}