{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-1935.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-1935.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-1935.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-1935.html"}],"law_id":74600,"edition_id":1,"section_id":74600,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1935","catch_line":"Use of technology","history":"2010, c. 432, \u00a7 55-79.71:1; 2019, c. 712; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 9, 494.","full_text":"A\n\nUnless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, (i) any notice required to be sent or received or (ii) any signature, vote, consent, or approval required to be obtained under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished using electronic means.B\n\nThe unit owners’ association, unit owners, and other persons entitled to occupy a unit may perform any obligation or exercise any right under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter by use of electronic means.C\n\nAn electronic signature meeting the requirements of applicable law shall satisfy any requirement for a signature under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter.D\n\nVoting, consent to, and approval of any matter under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished by electronic means provided that a record is created as evidence of such vote, consent, or approval and maintained as long as such record would be required to be maintained in nonelectronic form. If the vote, consent, or approval is required to be obtained by secret ballot, the electronic means shall protect the identity of the voter. If the electronic means cannot protect the identity of the voter, another means of voting shall be used.E\n\nSubject to other provisions of law, no action required or permitted by any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter need be acknowledged before a notary public if the identity and signature of such person can otherwise be authenticated to the satisfaction of the executive board.F\n\nAny meeting of the unit owners’ association, the executive board, or any committee may be held entirely or partially by electronic means, provided that the executive board has adopted guidelines for the use of electronic means for such meetings. Such guidelines shall ensure that persons accessing such meetings are authorized to do so and that persons entitled to participate in such meetings have an opportunity to do so. The executive board shall determine whether any such meeting may be held entirely or partially by electronic means.G\n\nIf any person does not have the capability or desire to conduct business using electronic means, the unit owners’ association shall make available a reasonable alternative, at its expense, for such person to conduct business with the unit owners’ association without use of such electronic means.H\n\nThis section shall not apply to any notice related to an enforcement action by the unit owners’ association, an assessment lien, or foreclosure proceedings in enforcement of an assessment lien.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":268091,"text":"Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, (i) any notice required to be sent or received or (ii) any signature, vote, consent, or approval required to be obtained under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished using electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":268092,"text":"The unit owners’ association, unit owners, and other persons entitled to occupy a unit may perform any obligation or exercise any right under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter by use of electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":268093,"text":"An electronic signature meeting the requirements of applicable law shall satisfy any requirement for a signature under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":268094,"text":"Voting, consent to, and approval of any matter under any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished by electronic means provided that a record is created as evidence of such vote, consent, or approval and maintained as long as such record would be required to be maintained in nonelectronic form. If the vote, consent, or approval is required to be obtained by secret ballot, the electronic means shall protect the identity of the voter. If the electronic means cannot protect the identity of the voter, another means of voting shall be used.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":268095,"text":"Subject to other provisions of law, no action required or permitted by any condominium instrument or any provision of this chapter need be acknowledged before a notary public if the identity and signature of such person can otherwise be authenticated to the satisfaction of the executive board.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":268096,"text":"Any meeting of the unit owners’ association, the executive board, or any committee may be held entirely or partially by electronic means, provided that the executive board has adopted guidelines for the use of electronic means for such meetings. Such guidelines shall ensure that persons accessing such meetings are authorized to do so and that persons entitled to participate in such meetings have an opportunity to do so. The executive board shall determine whether any such meeting may be held entirely or partially by electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":268097,"text":"If any person does not have the capability or desire to conduct business using electronic means, the unit owners’ association shall make available a reasonable alternative, at its expense, for such person to conduct business with the unit owners’ association without use of such electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"7":{"id":268098,"text":"This section shall not apply to any notice related to an enforcement action by the unit owners’ association, an assessment lien, or foreclosure proceedings in enforcement of an assessment lien.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13019,"edition_id":1,"name":"Creation, Alteration, and Termination of Condominiums","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13018,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","permalink":{"id":246655,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13019,"identifier":"2","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13018,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Condominium Act","identifier":"19","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","permalink":{"id":246623,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13018,"identifier":"19","token":"55.1\/IV\/19","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66133,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1907","catch_line":"How condominium may be created","url":"\/55.1-1907\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1907","metadata":false},{"id":60125,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1908","catch_line":"Release of liens","url":"\/55.1-1908\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1908","metadata":false},{"id":81423,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1909","catch_line":"Description of condominium units","url":"\/55.1-1909\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1909","metadata":false},{"id":85700,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1910","catch_line":"Execution of condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1910\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1910","metadata":false},{"id":67143,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1911","catch_line":"Recordation of condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1911\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1911","metadata":false},{"id":70994,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1912","catch_line":"Construction of condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1912\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1912","metadata":false},{"id":66094,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1913","catch_line":"Complementarity of condominium instruments; controlling construction","url":"\/55.1-1913\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1913","metadata":false},{"id":68301,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1914","catch_line":"Validity of condominium instruments; discrimination prohibited","url":"\/55.1-1914\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1914","metadata":false},{"id":74080,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1915","catch_line":"Compliance with condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1915\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1915","metadata":false},{"id":76179,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1916","catch_line":"Contents of declaration","url":"\/55.1-1916\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1916","metadata":false},{"id":69117,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1917","catch_line":"Allocation of interests in the common elements","url":"\/55.1-1917\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1917","metadata":false},{"id":74121,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1918","catch_line":"Reallocation of interests in common elements","url":"\/55.1-1918\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1918","metadata":false},{"id":71147,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1919","catch_line":"Assignments of limited common elements; conversion to common element","url":"\/55.1-1919\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1919","metadata":false},{"id":74270,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1920","catch_line":"Contents of plats and plans","url":"\/55.1-1920\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1920","metadata":false},{"id":62387,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1921","catch_line":"Bond to insure completion of improvements","url":"\/55.1-1921\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1921","metadata":false},{"id":70504,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1922","catch_line":"Preliminary recordation of plats and plans","url":"\/55.1-1922\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1922","metadata":false},{"id":77354,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1923","catch_line":"Easement for encroachments","url":"\/55.1-1923\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1923","metadata":false},{"id":55789,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1924","catch_line":"Conversion of convertible lands","url":"\/55.1-1924\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1924","metadata":false},{"id":69213,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1925","catch_line":"Conversion of convertible spaces","url":"\/55.1-1925\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1925","metadata":false},{"id":73518,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1926","catch_line":"Expansion of condominium","url":"\/55.1-1926\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1926","metadata":false},{"id":86008,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1927","catch_line":"Contraction of condominium","url":"\/55.1-1927\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1927","metadata":false},{"id":78900,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1928","catch_line":"Easement to facilitate conversion and expansion","url":"\/55.1-1928\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1928","metadata":false},{"id":84085,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1929","catch_line":"Easement to facilitate sales","url":"\/55.1-1929\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1929","metadata":false},{"id":54088,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1930","catch_line":"Declarant's obligation to complete and restore","url":"\/55.1-1930\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1930","metadata":false},{"id":82258,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1931","catch_line":"Alterations within units","url":"\/55.1-1931\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1931","metadata":false},{"id":54696,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1932","catch_line":"Relocation of boundaries between units","url":"\/55.1-1932\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1932","metadata":false},{"id":83554,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1933","catch_line":"Subdivision of units","url":"\/55.1-1933\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1933","metadata":false},{"id":86631,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1934","catch_line":"Amendment of condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1934\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1934","metadata":false},{"id":74600,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1935","catch_line":"Use of technology","url":"\/55.1-1935\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1935","metadata":false},{"id":64443,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1936","catch_line":"Merger or consolidation of condominiums; procedure","url":"\/55.1-1936\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1936","metadata":false},{"id":81982,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1937","catch_line":"Termination of condominium","url":"\/55.1-1937\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1937","metadata":false},{"id":82991,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1938","catch_line":"Rights of mortgagees","url":"\/55.1-1938\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1938","metadata":false},{"id":76819,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1939","catch_line":"Statement of unit owner rights","url":"\/55.1-1939\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1939","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86631,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1934","catch_line":"Amendment of condominium instruments","url":"\/55.1-1934\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1934","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":64443,"structure_id":13019,"section_number":"55.1-1936","catch_line":"Merger or consolidation of condominiums; procedure","url":"\/55.1-1936\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1936","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-1935\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2010. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 432<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":246769,"object_type":"law","relational_id":74600,"identifier":"55.1-1935","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1935","url":"\/55.1-1935\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-1935\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/2\/55.1-1935","dublin_core":{"Title":"Use of technology","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-1935","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium<\/span> instruments, (i) any notice required to be sent or received or (ii) any signature, vote, consent, or approval required to be obtained under any condominium<\/span> instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished using electronic means<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The unit owners<\/span>’ association, unit owners<\/span>, and other persons<\/span> entitled to occupy a unit may perform any obligation or exercise any right under any condominium<\/span> instrument or any provision of this chapter by use of electronic means<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> An electronic signature meeting the requirements of applicable law<\/span> shall satisfy any requirement for a signature under any condominium<\/span> instrument or any provision of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Voting, consent to, and approval of any matter under any condominium<\/span> instrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished by electronic means<\/span> provided that a record is created as evidence<\/span> of such vote, consent, or approval and maintained as long as such record would be required to be maintained in nonelectronic form. If the vote, consent, or approval is required to be obtained by secret ballot, the electronic means<\/span> shall protect the identity of the voter. If the electronic means<\/span> cannot protect the identity of the voter, another means of voting shall be used. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Subject to other provisions of law<\/span>, no action required or permitted by any condominium<\/span> instrument or any provision of this chapter need be acknowledged before a notary public if the identity and signature of such person<\/span> can otherwise be authenticated to the satisfaction of the executive board<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Any meeting of the unit owners<\/span>’ association, the executive board<\/span>, or any committee may be held entirely or partially by electronic means<\/span>, provided that the executive board<\/span> has adopted guidelines for the use of electronic means<\/span> for such meetings. Such guidelines shall ensure that persons<\/span> accessing such meetings are authorized to do so and that persons<\/span> entitled to participate in such meetings have an opportunity to do so. The executive board<\/span> shall determine whether any such meeting may be held entirely or partially by electronic means<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> If any person<\/span> does not have the capability or desire to conduct business using electronic means<\/span>, the unit owners<\/span>’ association shall make available a reasonable alternative, at its expense, for such person<\/span> to conduct business with the unit owners<\/span>’ association without use of such electronic means<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> This section shall not apply to any notice related to an enforcement action by the unit owners<\/span>’ association, an assessment lien<\/span>, or foreclosure proceedings in enforcement of an assessment lien<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUSE OF TECHNOLOGY (\u00a7 55.1-1935)\n\nA. Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, (i) any notice\nrequired to be sent or received or (ii) any signature, vote, consent, or\napproval required to be obtained under any condominium instrument or any\nprovision of this chapter may be accomplished using electronic means.\n\nB. The unit owners’ association, unit owners, and other persons entitled\nto occupy a unit may perform any obligation or exercise any right under any\ncondominium instrument or any provision of this chapter by use of electronic\nmeans.\n\nC. An electronic signature meeting the requirements of applicable law shall\nsatisfy any requirement for a signature under any condominium instrument or any\nprovision of this chapter.\n\nD. Voting, consent to, and approval of any matter under any condominium\ninstrument or any provision of this chapter may be accomplished by electronic\nmeans provided that a record is created as evidence of such vote, consent, or\napproval and maintained as long as such record would be required to be\nmaintained in nonelectronic form. If the vote, consent, or approval is required\nto be obtained by secret ballot, the electronic means shall protect the identity\nof the voter. If the electronic means cannot protect the identity of the voter,\nanother means of voting shall be used.\n\nE. Subject to other provisions of law, no action required or permitted by any\ncondominium instrument or any provision of this chapter need be acknowledged\nbefore a notary public if the identity and signature of such person can\notherwise be authenticated to the satisfaction of the executive board.\n\nF. Any meeting of the unit owners’ association, the executive board, or\nany committee may be held entirely or partially by electronic means, provided\nthat the executive board has adopted guidelines for the use of electronic means\nfor such meetings. Such guidelines shall ensure that persons accessing such\nmeetings are authorized to do so and that persons entitled to participate in\nsuch meetings have an opportunity to do so. The executive board shall determine\nwhether any such meeting may be held entirely or partially by electronic means.\n\nG. If any person does not have the capability or desire to conduct business\nusing electronic means, the unit owners’ association shall make available\na reasonable alternative, at its expense, for such person to conduct business\nwith the unit owners’ association without use of such electronic means.\n\nH. This section shall not apply to any notice related to an enforcement action\nby the unit owners’ association, an assessment lien, or foreclosure\nproceedings in enforcement of an assessment lien.\n\nHISTORY: 2010, c. 432, \u00a7 55-79.71:1; 2019, c. 712; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 9,\n494.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}