{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-1953.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-1953.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-1953.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-1953.html"}],"law_id":64764,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64764,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1953","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners’ association and executive board; voting by unit owners; proxies","history":"1974, c. 416, \u00a7 55-79.77; 1980, c. 108; 1991, c. 497; 1993, c. 667; 1998, c. 32; 2003, c. 442; 2015, c. 214; 2019, cc. 367, 712; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 9, 494.","full_text":"A\n\nThe bylaws may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply with subsections A and B of § 55.1-1920 a number of votes in the unit owners’ association proportionate to the undivided interest in the common elements appertaining to each such unit.B\n\nOtherwise, the bylaws shall allocate to each such unit an equal number of votes in the unit owners’ association, subject to the following exception: Each convertible space so depicted shall be allocated a number of votes in the unit owners’ association proportionate to the size of each such space, vis-a-vis the aggregate size of all units so depicted, while the remaining votes in the unit owners’ association shall be allocated equally to the other units so depicted.C\n\nSince a unit owner may be more than one person, if only one of such persons is present at a meeting of the unit owners’ association, that person shall be entitled to cast the votes appertaining to that unit. If more than one of such persons is present, the vote appertaining to that unit shall be cast only in accordance with their unanimous agreement unless the condominium instruments expressly provide otherwise, and such consent shall be conclusively presumed if any one of them purports to cast the votes appertaining to that unit without protest being made forthwith by any of the others to the person presiding over the meeting. For purposes of this subsection, “person” is deemed to include any natural person having authority to execute deeds on behalf of any person, excluding natural persons, that is, either alone or in conjunction with another person, a unit owner.D\n\nThe votes appertaining to any unit may be cast pursuant to a proxy duly executed by or on behalf of the unit owner, or, in cases where the unit owner is more than one person, by or on behalf of all such unit owners. No such proxy shall be revocable except by actual notice to the person presiding over the meeting, by the unit owner or by any of such persons, that it be revoked. Except to the extent otherwise provided in the condominium instruments, any proxy is void if it is not dated, or if it purports to be revocable without the required notice. Any proxy shall be void if not signed by or on behalf of the unit owner. If the unit owner is more than one person, any such unit owner may object to the proxy at or prior to the meeting, whereupon the proxy shall be deemed revoked. Any proxy shall terminate after the first meeting held on or after the date of that proxy or any recess or adjournment of that meeting. The proxy shall include a brief explanation of the effect of leaving the proxy uninstructed.E\n\nUnless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, a unit owner may vote at a meeting of the unit owners’ association in person, by proxy, or by absentee ballot. Such voting may take place by electronic means, provided that the executive board has adopted guidelines for such voting by electronic means. Unit owners voting by absentee ballot or proxy shall be deemed to be present at the meeting for all purposes.F\n\nIf 50 percent or more of the votes in the unit owners’ association appertain to 25 percent or less of the units, then in any case where a majority vote is required by the condominium instruments or by this chapter, the requirement for such a majority shall be deemed to include, in addition to the specified majority of the votes, assent by the unit owners of a like majority of the units.G\n\nAll votes appertaining to units owned by the unit owners’ association shall be deemed present for quorum purposes at all duly called meetings of the unit owners’ association and shall be deemed cast in the same proportions as the votes cast by unit owners other than the unit owners’ association.H\n\nExcept to the extent that the condominium instruments provide otherwise, the voting interest allocated to the unit or member that has been suspended by the unit owners’ association or the executive board pursuant to the condominium instruments shall not be counted in the total number of voting interests used to determine the quorum for any meeting or vote under the condominium instruments.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":235666,"text":"The bylaws may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply with subsections A and B of § 55.1-1920 a number of votes in the unit owners’ association proportionate to the undivided interest in the common elements appertaining to each such unit.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":235667,"text":"Otherwise, the bylaws shall allocate to each such unit an equal number of votes in the unit owners’ association, subject to the following exception: Each convertible space so depicted shall be allocated a number of votes in the unit owners’ association proportionate to the size of each such space, vis-a-vis the aggregate size of all units so depicted, while the remaining votes in the unit owners’ association shall be allocated equally to the other units so depicted.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":235668,"text":"Since a unit owner may be more than one person, if only one of such persons is present at a meeting of the unit owners’ association, that person shall be entitled to cast the votes appertaining to that unit. If more than one of such persons is present, the vote appertaining to that unit shall be cast only in accordance with their unanimous agreement unless the condominium instruments expressly provide otherwise, and such consent shall be conclusively presumed if any one of them purports to cast the votes appertaining to that unit without protest being made forthwith by any of the others to the person presiding over the meeting. For purposes of this subsection, “person” is deemed to include any natural person having authority to execute deeds on behalf of any person, excluding natural persons, that is, either alone or in conjunction with another person, a unit owner.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":235669,"text":"The votes appertaining to any unit may be cast pursuant to a proxy duly executed by or on behalf of the unit owner, or, in cases where the unit owner is more than one person, by or on behalf of all such unit owners. No such proxy shall be revocable except by actual notice to the person presiding over the meeting, by the unit owner or by any of such persons, that it be revoked. Except to the extent otherwise provided in the condominium instruments, any proxy is void if it is not dated, or if it purports to be revocable without the required notice. Any proxy shall be void if not signed by or on behalf of the unit owner. If the unit owner is more than one person, any such unit owner may object to the proxy at or prior to the meeting, whereupon the proxy shall be deemed revoked. Any proxy shall terminate after the first meeting held on or after the date of that proxy or any recess or adjournment of that meeting. The proxy shall include a brief explanation of the effect of leaving the proxy uninstructed.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":235670,"text":"Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, a unit owner may vote at a meeting of the unit owners’ association in person, by proxy, or by absentee ballot. Such voting may take place by electronic means, provided that the executive board has adopted guidelines for such voting by electronic means. Unit owners voting by absentee ballot or proxy shall be deemed to be present at the meeting for all purposes.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":235671,"text":"If 50 percent or more of the votes in the unit owners’ association appertain to 25 percent or less of the units, then in any case where a majority vote is required by the condominium instruments or by this chapter, the requirement for such a majority shall be deemed to include, in addition to the specified majority of the votes, assent by the unit owners of a like majority of the units.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":235672,"text":"All votes appertaining to units owned by the unit owners’ association shall be deemed present for quorum purposes at all duly called meetings of the unit owners’ association and shall be deemed cast in the same proportions as the votes cast by unit owners other than the unit owners’ association.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"7":{"id":235673,"text":"Except to the extent that the condominium instruments provide otherwise, the voting interest allocated to the unit or member that has been suspended by the unit owners’ association or the executive board pursuant to the condominium instruments shall not be counted in the total number of voting interests used to determine the quorum for any meeting or vote under the condominium instruments.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13236,"edition_id":1,"name":"Management of Condominium","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13018,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":246789,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13236,"identifier":"3","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13018,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Condominium Act","identifier":"19","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","permalink":{"id":246623,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13018,"identifier":"19","token":"55.1\/IV\/19","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75299,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1940","catch_line":"Bylaws to be recorded with declaration; 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inspection","url":"\/55.1-1945\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1945","metadata":false},{"id":86155,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1946","catch_line":"Management office","url":"\/55.1-1946\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1946","metadata":false},{"id":64177,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1947","catch_line":"Transfer of special declarant rights","url":"\/55.1-1947\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1947","metadata":false},{"id":54240,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1948","catch_line":"Declarants not succeeding to special declarant rights","url":"\/55.1-1948\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1948","metadata":false},{"id":76863,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1949","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners' association and executive board","url":"\/55.1-1949\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1949","metadata":false},{"id":64649,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1950","catch_line":"Distribution of information by members","url":"\/55.1-1950\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1950","metadata":false},{"id":63730,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1951","catch_line":"Display of the flag of the United States; necessary supporting structures; affirmative defense","url":"\/55.1-1951\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1951","metadata":false},{"id":80764,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1951.1","catch_line":"Installation of solar energy collection devices","url":"\/55.1-1951.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1951.1","metadata":false},{"id":70408,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1952","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners' association and executive board; quorums","url":"\/55.1-1952\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1952","metadata":false},{"id":64764,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1953","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners' association and executive board; voting by unit owners; proxies","url":"\/55.1-1953\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1953","metadata":false},{"id":69473,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1954","catch_line":"Officers","url":"\/55.1-1954\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1954","metadata":false},{"id":85997,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1955","catch_line":"Upkeep of condominiums; warranty against structural defects; statute of limitations for warranty; warranty review committee","url":"\/55.1-1955\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1955","metadata":false},{"id":76691,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1956","catch_line":"Control of common elements","url":"\/55.1-1956\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1956","metadata":false},{"id":86702,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1957","catch_line":"Common elements; notice of pesticide application","url":"\/55.1-1957\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1957","metadata":false},{"id":66934,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1958","catch_line":"Tort and contract liability; judgment lien","url":"\/55.1-1958\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1958","metadata":false},{"id":65547,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1959","catch_line":"Suspension of services for failure to pay assessments; corrective action; assessment of charges for violations; notice; hearing; adoption and enforcement of rules and regulations","url":"\/55.1-1959\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1959","metadata":false},{"id":78546,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1960","catch_line":"Limitation of occupancy of a unit","url":"\/55.1-1960\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1960","metadata":false},{"id":64065,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1960.1","catch_line":"Limitation of smoking in condominium","url":"\/55.1-1960.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1960.1","metadata":false},{"id":62313,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1961","catch_line":"Use of for sale sign in connection with resale","url":"\/55.1-1961\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1961","metadata":false},{"id":78887,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1962","catch_line":"Designation of authorized representative","url":"\/55.1-1962\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1962","metadata":false},{"id":76748,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1962.1","catch_line":"Electric vehicle charging stations permitted","url":"\/55.1-1962.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1962.1","metadata":false},{"id":71936,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1963","catch_line":"Insurance","url":"\/55.1-1963\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1963","metadata":false},{"id":86524,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1964","catch_line":"Liability for common expenses; late fees; additional assessment; authority to borrow","url":"\/55.1-1964\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1964","metadata":false},{"id":55038,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1965","catch_line":"Annual budget; reserve study; reserves for capital components","url":"\/55.1-1965\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1965","metadata":false},{"id":86561,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1966","catch_line":"Lien for assessments; foreclosure","url":"\/55.1-1966\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1966","metadata":false},{"id":82616,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1967","catch_line":"Notice of sale under deed of trust","url":"\/55.1-1967\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1967","metadata":false},{"id":56723,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1968","catch_line":"Bond to be posted by declarant","url":"\/55.1-1968\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1968","metadata":false},{"id":60552,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1969","catch_line":"Restraints on alienation","url":"\/55.1-1969\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1969","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70408,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1952","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners' association and executive board; quorums","url":"\/55.1-1952\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1952","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":69473,"structure_id":13236,"section_number":"55.1-1954","catch_line":"Officers","url":"\/55.1-1954\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1954","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-1953\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1974. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 416 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1974 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 7 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1980, chapter 108; in 1991, chapter 497; in 1993, chapter 667; in 1998, chapter 32<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 442<\/a>; in 2015, chapter 214<\/a>; in 2019, chapters 367<\/a> and 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":70408,"section_number":"55.1-1952","catch_line":"Meetings of unit owners' association and executive board; quorums","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1952\/"},{"id":78887,"section_number":"55.1-1962","catch_line":"Designation of authorized representative","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1962\/"},{"id":86524,"section_number":"55.1-1964","catch_line":"Liability for common expenses; late fees; additional assessment; authority to borrow","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1964\/"},{"id":61023,"section_number":"55.1-1973","catch_line":"Rental of units","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1973\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":74270,"section_number":"55.1-1920","catch_line":"Contents of plats and plans","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1920\/"}],"permalink":{"id":246851,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64764,"identifier":"55.1-1953","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1953","url":"\/55.1-1953\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-1953\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/3\/55.1-1953","dublin_core":{"Title":"Meetings of unit owners’ association and executive board; voting by unit owners; proxies","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-1953","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The bylaws may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply with subsections A and B of § 55.1-1920<\/a> a number of votes in the unit owners<\/span>’ association proportionate to the undivided interest in the common elements<\/span> appertaining to each such unit. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Otherwise, the bylaws shall allocate to each such unit an equal number of votes in the unit owners<\/span>’ association, subject to the following exception: Each convertible space<\/span> so depicted shall be allocated a number of votes in the unit owners<\/span>’ association proportionate to the size<\/span> of each such space, vis-a-vis the aggregate size<\/span> of all units<\/span> so depicted, while the remaining votes in the unit owners<\/span>’ association shall be allocated equally to the other units<\/span> so depicted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Since a unit owner<\/span> may be more than one person<\/span>, if only one of such persons<\/span> is present at a meeting of the unit owners<\/span>’ association, that person<\/span> shall be entitled to cast the votes appertaining to that unit. If more than one of such persons<\/span> is present, the vote appertaining to that unit shall be cast only in accordance with their unanimous agreement unless the condominium<\/span> instruments expressly provide otherwise, and such consent shall be conclusively presumed if any one of them purports to cast the votes appertaining to that unit without protest being made forthwith by any of the others to the person<\/span> presiding over the meeting. For purposes of this subsection, “person<\/span>” is deemed to include any natural person<\/span> having authority to execute deeds on behalf of any person<\/span>, excluding natural persons<\/span>, that is, either alone or in conjunction with another person<\/span>, a unit owner<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The votes appertaining to any unit may be cast pursuant to a proxy duly executed by or on behalf of the unit owner<\/span>, or, in cases where the unit owner<\/span> is more than one person<\/span>, by or on behalf of all such unit owners<\/span>. No such proxy shall be revocable except by actual notice to the person<\/span> presiding over the meeting, by the unit owner<\/span> or by any of such persons<\/span>, that it be revoked. Except to the extent otherwise provided in the condominium<\/span> instruments, any proxy is void if it is not dated, or if it purports to be revocable without the required notice. Any proxy shall be void if not signed by or on behalf of the unit owner<\/span>. If the unit owner<\/span> is more than one person<\/span>, any such unit owner<\/span> may object<\/span> to the proxy at or prior to the meeting, whereupon the proxy shall be deemed revoked. Any proxy shall terminate after the first meeting held on or after the date of that proxy or any recess or adjournment of that meeting. The proxy shall include a brief<\/span> explanation of the effect of leaving the proxy uninstructed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium<\/span> instruments, a unit owner<\/span> may vote at a meeting of the unit owners<\/span>’ association in person<\/span>, by proxy, or by absentee ballot. Such voting may take place by electronic means<\/span>, provided that the executive board<\/span> has adopted guidelines for such voting by electronic means<\/span>. Unit owners<\/span> voting by absentee ballot or proxy shall be deemed to be present at the meeting for all purposes. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> If 50 percent or more of the votes in the unit owners<\/span>’ association appertain to 25 percent or less of the units<\/span>, then in any case where a majority vote is required by the condominium<\/span> instruments or by this chapter, the requirement for such a majority shall be deemed to include, in addition to the specified majority of the votes, assent by the unit owners<\/span> of a like majority of the units<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> All votes appertaining to units<\/span> owned by the unit owners<\/span>’ association shall be deemed present for quorum purposes at all duly called meetings of the unit owners<\/span>’ association and shall be deemed cast in the same proportions as the votes cast by unit owners<\/span> other than the unit owners<\/span>’ association. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> Except to the extent that the condominium<\/span> instruments provide otherwise, the voting interest allocated to the unit or member that has been suspended by the unit owners<\/span>’ association or the executive board<\/span> pursuant to the condominium<\/span> instruments shall not be counted in the total number of voting interests used to determine the quorum for any meeting or vote under the condominium<\/span> instruments. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMEETINGS OF UNIT OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION AND EXECUTIVE BOARD; VOTING BY UNIT\nOWNERS; PROXIES (\u00a7 55.1-1953)\n\nA. The bylaws may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply\nwith subsections A and B of § 55.1-1920 a number of votes in the unit\nowners’ association proportionate to the undivided interest in the common\nelements appertaining to each such unit.\n\nB. Otherwise, the bylaws shall allocate to each such unit an equal number of\nvotes in the unit owners’ association, subject to the following exception:\nEach convertible space so depicted shall be allocated a number of votes in the\nunit owners’ association proportionate to the size of each such space,\nvis-a-vis the aggregate size of all units so depicted, while the remaining votes\nin the unit owners’ association shall be allocated equally to the other\nunits so depicted.\n\nC. Since a unit owner may be more than one person, if only one of such persons\nis present at a meeting of the unit owners’ association, that person shall\nbe entitled to cast the votes appertaining to that unit. If more than one of\nsuch persons is present, the vote appertaining to that unit shall be cast only\nin accordance with their unanimous agreement unless the condominium instruments\nexpressly provide otherwise, and such consent shall be conclusively presumed if\nany one of them purports to cast the votes appertaining to that unit without\nprotest being made forthwith by any of the others to the person presiding over\nthe meeting. For purposes of this subsection, “person” is deemed to\ninclude any natural person having authority to execute deeds on behalf of any\nperson, excluding natural persons, that is, either alone or in conjunction with\nanother person, a unit owner.\n\nD. The votes appertaining to any unit may be cast pursuant to a proxy duly\nexecuted by or on behalf of the unit owner, or, in cases where the unit owner is\nmore than one person, by or on behalf of all such unit owners. No such proxy\nshall be revocable except by actual notice to the person presiding over the\nmeeting, by the unit owner or by any of such persons, that it be revoked. Except\nto the extent otherwise provided in the condominium instruments, any proxy is\nvoid if it is not dated, or if it purports to be revocable without the required\nnotice. Any proxy shall be void if not signed by or on behalf of the unit owner.\nIf the unit owner is more than one person, any such unit owner may object to the\nproxy at or prior to the meeting, whereupon the proxy shall be deemed revoked.\nAny proxy shall terminate after the first meeting held on or after the date of\nthat proxy or any recess or adjournment of that meeting. The proxy shall include\na brief explanation of the effect of leaving the proxy uninstructed.\n\nE. Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, a unit owner may\nvote at a meeting of the unit owners’ association in person, by proxy, or\nby absentee ballot. Such voting may take place by electronic means, provided\nthat the executive board has adopted guidelines for such voting by electronic\nmeans. Unit owners voting by absentee ballot or proxy shall be deemed to be\npresent at the meeting for all purposes.\n\nF. If 50 percent or more of the votes in the unit owners’ association\nappertain to 25 percent or less of the units, then in any case where a majority\nvote is required by the condominium instruments or by this chapter, the\nrequirement for such a majority shall be deemed to include, in addition to the\nspecified majority of the votes, assent by the unit owners of a like majority of\nthe units.\n\nG. All votes appertaining to units owned by the unit owners’ association\nshall be deemed present for quorum purposes at all duly called meetings of the\nunit owners’ association and shall be deemed cast in the same proportions\nas the votes cast by unit owners other than the unit owners’ association.\n\nH. Except to the extent that the condominium instruments provide otherwise, the\nvoting interest allocated to the unit or member that has been suspended by the\nunit owners’ association or the executive board pursuant to the\ncondominium instruments shall not be counted in the total number of voting\ninterests used to determine the quorum for any meeting or vote under the\ncondominium instruments.\n\nHISTORY: 1974, c. 416, \u00a7 55-79.77; 1980, c. 108; 1991, c. 497; 1993, c. 667;\n1998, c. 32; 2003, c. 442; 2015, c. 214; 2019, cc. 367, 712; 2021, Sp. Sess. I,\ncc. 9, 494.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}