{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-1986.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-1986.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-1986.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-1986.html"}],"law_id":63733,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63733,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1986","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","history":"1974, c. 416, \u00a7 55-79.100; 1975, c. 415; 2019, cc. 467, 712.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Common Interest Community Board may issue an order requiring a person to cease and desist from any of the unlawful practices enumerated in subdivisions 1 through 5 and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Common Interest Community Board will carry out the purposes of this chapter if the Common Interest Community Board determines after notice and hearing that such person has:1\n\nViolated any provision of this chapter;2\n\nDirectly or through an agent or employee knowingly engaged in any false, deceptive, or misleading advertising, promotional, or sales methods to offer or dispose of a unit;3\n\nMade any substantial change in the plan of disposition and development of the condominium subsequent to the order of registration without notifying the Common Interest Community Board;4\n\nDisposed of any units that have not been registered with the Common Interest Community Board; or5\n\nViolated any lawful order or regulation of the Common Interest Community Board.B\n\nIf the Common Interest Community Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Common Interest Community Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Common Interest Community Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether it becomes permanent.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":232159,"text":"The Common Interest Community Board may issue an order requiring a person to cease and desist from any of the unlawful practices enumerated in subdivisions 1 through 5 and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Common Interest Community Board will carry out the purposes of this chapter if the Common Interest Community Board determines after notice and hearing that such person has:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":232160,"text":"Violated any provision of this chapter;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":232161,"text":"Directly or through an agent or employee knowingly engaged in any false, deceptive, or misleading advertising, promotional, or sales methods to offer or dispose of a unit;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":232162,"text":"Made any substantial change in the plan of disposition and development of the condominium subsequent to the order of registration without notifying the Common Interest Community Board;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":232163,"text":"Disposed of any units that have not been registered with the Common Interest Community Board; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":232164,"text":"Violated any lawful order or regulation of the Common Interest Community Board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"B"},"6":{"id":232165,"text":"If the Common Interest Community Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Common Interest Community Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Common Interest Community Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether it becomes permanent.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A5"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15581,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Chapter; Sale, Etc., of Condominium Units","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13018,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:56:32","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:56:32","permalink":{"id":246927,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15581,"identifier":"4","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13018,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Condominium Act","identifier":"19","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:09","permalink":{"id":246623,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13018,"identifier":"19","token":"55.1\/IV\/19","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":68690,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1970","catch_line":"Common Interest Community Board","url":"\/55.1-1970\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1970","metadata":false},{"id":59771,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1971","catch_line":"General powers and duties of the Common Interest Community Board","url":"\/55.1-1971\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1971","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":75490,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1972","catch_line":"Exemptions from certain provisions of article","url":"\/55.1-1972\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1972","metadata":false},{"id":61023,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1973","catch_line":"Rental of units","url":"\/55.1-1973\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1973","metadata":false},{"id":68890,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1974","catch_line":"Limitations on dispositions of units","url":"\/55.1-1974\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1974","metadata":false},{"id":61758,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1975","catch_line":"Application for registration; fee","url":"\/55.1-1975\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1975","metadata":false},{"id":85082,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1976","catch_line":"Public offering statement; condominium securities","url":"\/55.1-1976\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1976","metadata":false},{"id":82046,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1977","catch_line":"Inquiry and examination","url":"\/55.1-1977\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1977","metadata":false},{"id":75453,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1978","catch_line":"Notice of filing and registration","url":"\/55.1-1978\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1978","metadata":false},{"id":65140,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1979","catch_line":"Annual report by declarant","url":"\/55.1-1979\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1979","metadata":false},{"id":61172,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1980","catch_line":"Annual report by unit owners' association","url":"\/55.1-1980\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1980","metadata":false},{"id":73657,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1981","catch_line":"Termination of registration","url":"\/55.1-1981\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1981","metadata":false},{"id":64581,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1982","catch_line":"Conversion condominiums; special provisions","url":"\/55.1-1982\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1982","metadata":false},{"id":59449,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1983","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits","url":"\/55.1-1983\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1983","metadata":false},{"id":72592,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1984","catch_line":"Declarant to deliver declaration to purchaser","url":"\/55.1-1984\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1984","metadata":false},{"id":66724,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1985","catch_line":"Investigations and proceedings","url":"\/55.1-1985\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1985","metadata":false},{"id":63733,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1986","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/55.1-1986\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1986","metadata":false},{"id":78872,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1987","catch_line":"Revocation of registration","url":"\/55.1-1987\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1987","metadata":false},{"id":86244,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1988","catch_line":"Judicial review","url":"\/55.1-1988\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1988","metadata":false},{"id":66151,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1989","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/55.1-1989\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1989","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66724,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1985","catch_line":"Investigations and proceedings","url":"\/55.1-1985\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1985","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":78872,"structure_id":15581,"section_number":"55.1-1987","catch_line":"Revocation of registration","url":"\/55.1-1987\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1987","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-1986\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1974. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 416 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1974 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1975, chapter 415; in 2019, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0467\">467<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0712\">712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":246993,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63733,"identifier":"55.1-1986","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1986","url":"\/55.1-1986\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-1986\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/19\/4\/55.1-1986","dublin_core":{"Title":"Cease and desist orders","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-1986","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> The Common Interest Community Board may <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> an <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> requiring a <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> to cease and desist from any of the unlawful practices enumerated in subdivisions 1 through 5 and to take such affirmative action as in the <span class=\"dictionary\">judgment<\/span> of the Common Interest Community Board will carry out the purposes of this chapter if the Common Interest Community Board determines after notice and <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> that such <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> has: <a id=\"paragraph-232159\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Violated any provision of this chapter; <a id=\"paragraph-232160\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Directly or through an agent or employee knowingly engaged in any false, deceptive, or misleading advertising, promotional, or sales methods to <span class=\"dictionary\">offer<\/span> or dispose of a <span class=\"dictionary\">unit<\/span>; <a id=\"paragraph-232161\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Made any substantial change in the plan of <span class=\"dictionary\">disposition<\/span> and development of the <span class=\"dictionary\">condominium<\/span> subsequent to the <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> of registration without notifying the Common Interest Community Board; <a id=\"paragraph-232162\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> Disposed of any <span class=\"dictionary\">units<\/span> that have not been registered with the Common Interest Community Board; or <a id=\"paragraph-232163\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A5\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">5.<\/span> Violated any lawful <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> or regulation of the Common Interest Community Board. <a id=\"paragraph-232164\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#A5\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> If the Common Interest Community Board makes a <span class=\"dictionary\">finding<\/span> of <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span>, it may <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> a temporary <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Common Interest Community Board. Prior to issuing the temporary <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span>, the Common Interest Community Board shall give notice of the proposal to <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> a temporary <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> to the <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>. Every temporary <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> will be held promptly to determine whether it becomes permanent. <a id=\"paragraph-232165\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/55.1-1986\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCEASE AND DESIST ORDERS (\u00a7 55.1-1986)\n\nA. The Common Interest Community Board may issue an order requiring a person to\ncease and desist from any of the unlawful practices enumerated in subdivisions 1\nthrough 5 and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Common\nInterest Community Board will carry out the purposes of this chapter if the\nCommon Interest Community Board determines after notice and hearing that such\nperson has:\n\n   1. Violated any provision of this chapter;\n\n   2. Directly or through an agent or employee knowingly engaged in any false,\n   deceptive, or misleading advertising, promotional, or sales methods to offer\n   or dispose of a unit;\n\n   3. Made any substantial change in the plan of disposition and development of\n   the condominium subsequent to the order of registration without notifying the\n   Common Interest Community Board;\n\n   4. Disposed of any units that have not been registered with the Common\n   Interest Community Board; or\n\n   5. Violated any lawful order or regulation of the Common Interest Community\n   Board.\n\nB. If the Common Interest Community Board makes a finding of fact in writing\nthat the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an\norder, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such\naffirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Common Interest Community\nBoard. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Common Interest Community Board\nshall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person.\nEvery temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a\nhearing will be held promptly to determine whether it becomes permanent.\n\nHISTORY: 1974, c. 416, \u00a7 55-79.100; 1975, c. 415; 2019, cc. 467, 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}