{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-2139.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-2139.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-2139.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-2139.1.html"}],"law_id":75581,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75581,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2139.1","catch_line":"Electric vehicle charging stations permitted","history":"2020, c. 1012.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept to the extent that the declaration provides otherwise, no association shall prohibit any proprietary lessee from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the proprietary lessee’s personal use within the boundaries of a unit or limited common element parking space appurtenant to the unit owned by the proprietary lessee.B\n\nNotwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the declaration, the association may prohibit a proprietary lessee from installing an electric vehicle charging station if installation of the electric vehicle charging station is not technically feasible or practicable due to safety risks, structural issues, or engineering conditions.C\n\nThe association may require as a condition of approving installation of an electric vehicle charging station that the proprietary lessee:1\n\nProvide detailed plans and drawings for installation of an electric vehicle charging station prepared by a licensed and registered electrical contractor or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station.2\n\nComply with applicable building codes or recognized safety standards.3\n\nComply with reasonable architectural standards adopted by the association that govern the dimensions, placement, or external appearance of the electric vehicle charging station.4\n\nPay the costs of installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station.5\n\nIndemnify and hold the association harmless from any claim made by a contractor or supplier pursuant to Title 43.6\n\nPay the cost of removal of the electric vehicle charging station if the proprietary lessee decides there is no longer a need for the electric vehicle charging station.7\n\nSeparately meter, at the proprietary lessee’s sole expense, the utilities associated with such electric vehicle charging station and pay the cost of electricity and other associated utilities.8\n\nEngage the services of a licensed electrician or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station to install the electric vehicle charging station.9\n\nObtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station and provide a certificate of insurance naming the association as an additional insured on the proprietary lessee’s insurance policy for any claim related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station within 14 days after receiving the association’s approval to install such charging station.10\n\nReimburse the association for any increase in common expenses specifically attributable to the electric vehicle charging station installation, including the actual cost of any increased insurance premium amount, within 14 days’ notice from the association.D\n\nThe conditions imposed pursuant to this section on a proprietary lessee for installation of an electric vehicle charging station shall run with title to the unit to which the limited common element parking space is appurtenant.E\n\nAny proprietary lessee installing an electric vehicle charging station in a unit or on a limited common element parking space appurtenant to the unit owned by the proprietary lessee shall indemnify and hold the association harmless from all liability, including reasonable attorney fees incurred by the association resulting from a claim, arising out of the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of such electric charging station. An association may require the proprietary lessee to obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station and require the association to be included as a named insured on such policy.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":271490,"text":"Except to the extent that the declaration provides otherwise, no association shall prohibit any proprietary lessee from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the proprietary lessee’s personal use within the boundaries of a unit or limited common element parking space appurtenant to the unit owned by the proprietary lessee.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":271491,"text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the declaration, the association may prohibit a proprietary lessee from installing an electric vehicle charging station if installation of the electric vehicle charging station is not technically feasible or practicable due to safety risks, structural issues, or engineering conditions.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":271492,"text":"The association may require as a condition of approving installation of an electric vehicle charging station that the proprietary lessee:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":271493,"text":"Provide detailed plans and drawings for installation of an electric vehicle charging station prepared by a licensed and registered electrical contractor or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":271494,"text":"Comply with applicable building codes or recognized safety standards.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"5":{"id":271495,"text":"Comply with reasonable architectural standards adopted by the association that govern the dimensions, placement, or external appearance of the electric vehicle charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"6":{"id":271496,"text":"Pay the costs of installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"7":{"id":271497,"text":"Indemnify and hold the association harmless from any claim made by a contractor or supplier pursuant to Title 43.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"C6"},"8":{"id":271498,"text":"Pay the cost of removal of the electric vehicle charging station if the proprietary lessee decides there is no longer a need for the electric vehicle charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"C6","prefix_anchor":"C6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"C7"},"9":{"id":271499,"text":"Separately meter, at the proprietary lessee’s sole expense, the utilities associated with such electric vehicle charging station and pay the cost of electricity and other associated utilities.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"C7","prefix_anchor":"C7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C6","next_prefix":"C8"},"10":{"id":271500,"text":"Engage the services of a licensed electrician or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station to install the electric vehicle charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"C8","prefix_anchor":"C8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C7","next_prefix":"C9"},"11":{"id":271501,"text":"Obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station and provide a certificate of insurance naming the association as an additional insured on the proprietary lessee’s insurance policy for any claim related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station within 14 days after receiving the association’s approval to install such charging station.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"C9","prefix_anchor":"C9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C8","next_prefix":"C10"},"12":{"id":271502,"text":"Reimburse the association for any increase in common expenses specifically attributable to the electric vehicle charging station installation, including the actual cost of any increased insurance premium amount, within 14 days’ notice from the association.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"C10","prefix_anchor":"C10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C9","next_prefix":"D"},"13":{"id":271503,"text":"The conditions imposed pursuant to this section on a proprietary lessee for installation of an electric vehicle charging station shall run with title to the unit to which the limited common element parking space is appurtenant.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C10","next_prefix":"E"},"14":{"id":271504,"text":"Any proprietary lessee installing an electric vehicle charging station in a unit or on a limited common element parking space appurtenant to the unit owned by the proprietary lessee shall indemnify and hold the association harmless from all liability, including reasonable attorney fees incurred by the association resulting from a claim, arising out of the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of such electric charging station. An association may require the proprietary lessee to obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station and require the association to be included as a named insured on such policy.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15093,"edition_id":1,"name":"Management of Cooperatives","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13509,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:06","permalink":{"id":247243,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15093,"identifier":"3","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13509,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act","identifier":"21","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","permalink":{"id":247109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13509,"identifier":"21","token":"55.1\/IV\/21","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":79353,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2132","catch_line":"Organization of the association","url":"\/55.1-2132\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2132","metadata":false},{"id":74016,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2133","catch_line":"Powers of the association","url":"\/55.1-2133\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2133","metadata":false},{"id":74697,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2133.1","catch_line":"Installation of solar energy collection devices","url":"\/55.1-2133.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2133.1","metadata":false},{"id":58879,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2134","catch_line":"Executive board members and officers","url":"\/55.1-2134\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2134","metadata":false},{"id":74321,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2135","catch_line":"Transfer of special declarant rights","url":"\/55.1-2135\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2135","metadata":false},{"id":86214,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2136","catch_line":"Termination of contracts and leases of declarant","url":"\/55.1-2136\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2136","metadata":false},{"id":57517,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2137","catch_line":"Bylaws","url":"\/55.1-2137\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2137","metadata":false},{"id":74592,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2138","catch_line":"Upkeep of cooperative","url":"\/55.1-2138\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2138","metadata":false},{"id":80840,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2139","catch_line":"Common elements; notice of pesticide application","url":"\/55.1-2139\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2139","metadata":false},{"id":75581,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2139.1","catch_line":"Electric vehicle charging stations permitted","url":"\/55.1-2139.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2139.1","metadata":false},{"id":71613,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2140","catch_line":"Meetings","url":"\/55.1-2140\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2140","metadata":false},{"id":75116,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2141","catch_line":"Quorums","url":"\/55.1-2141\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2141","metadata":false},{"id":68455,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2142","catch_line":"Voting; proxies","url":"\/55.1-2142\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2142","metadata":false},{"id":63917,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2143","catch_line":"Tort and contract liability","url":"\/55.1-2143\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2143","metadata":false},{"id":83581,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2144","catch_line":"Conveyance or encumbrance of the cooperative","url":"\/55.1-2144\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2144","metadata":false},{"id":80965,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2145","catch_line":"Insurance","url":"\/55.1-2145\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2145","metadata":false},{"id":86773,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2146","catch_line":"Assessments for common expenses","url":"\/55.1-2146\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2146","metadata":false},{"id":64409,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2147","catch_line":"Annual budget; reserves for capital components","url":"\/55.1-2147\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2147","metadata":false},{"id":60916,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2148","catch_line":"Remedies for nonpayment of assessments; lien; foreclosure","url":"\/55.1-2148\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2148","metadata":false},{"id":83139,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2149","catch_line":"Other liens affecting the cooperative","url":"\/55.1-2149\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2149","metadata":false},{"id":78680,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2150","catch_line":"Limitation of assumption of debt and encumbrances","url":"\/55.1-2150\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2150","metadata":false},{"id":61430,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2151","catch_line":"Association records","url":"\/55.1-2151\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2151","metadata":false},{"id":74718,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2152","catch_line":"Association as trustee","url":"\/55.1-2152\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2152","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80840,"structure_id":15093,"section_number":"55.1-2139","catch_line":"Common elements; 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This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 1012<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":247281,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75581,"identifier":"55.1-2139.1","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2139.1","url":"\/55.1-2139.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2139.1\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/3\/55.1-2139.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Electric vehicle charging stations permitted","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2139.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except to the extent that the declaration<\/span> provides otherwise, no association<\/span> shall prohibit any proprietary lessee<\/span> from installing an electric vehicle charging station for the proprietary lessee<\/span>’s personal use within the boundaries of a unit<\/span> or limited common element<\/span> parking space appurtenant to the unit<\/span> owned by the proprietary lessee<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the declaration<\/span>, the association<\/span> may prohibit a proprietary lessee<\/span> from installing an electric vehicle charging station if installation of the electric vehicle charging station is not technically feasible or practicable due to safety risks, structural issues<\/span>, or engineering conditions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The association<\/span> may require as a condition of approving installation of an electric vehicle charging station that the proprietary lessee<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Provide detailed plans and drawings for installation of an electric vehicle charging station prepared by a licensed and registered electrical contractor or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Comply with applicable building codes or recognized safety standards. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Comply with reasonable architectural standards adopted by the association<\/span> that govern the dimensions, placement, or external appearance<\/span> of the electric vehicle charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Pay the costs of installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Indemnify and hold the association<\/span> harmless from any claim made by a contractor or supplier pursuant to Title 43. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Pay the cost of removal of the electric vehicle charging station if the proprietary lessee<\/span> decides there is no longer a need for the electric vehicle charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Separately meter, at the proprietary lessee<\/span>’s sole expense, the utilities associated with such electric vehicle charging station and pay the cost of electricity and other associated utilities. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Engage the services of a licensed electrician or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station to install the electric vehicle charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric vehicle charging station and provide a certificate of insurance naming the association<\/span> as an additional insured on the proprietary lessee<\/span>’s insurance policy for any claim related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station within 14 days after receiving the association<\/span>’s approval to install such charging station. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Reimburse the association<\/span> for any increase in common expenses<\/span> specifically attributable to the electric vehicle charging station installation, including the actual cost of any increased insurance premium amount, within 14 days’ notice from the association<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The conditions imposed pursuant to this section on a proprietary lessee<\/span> for installation of an electric vehicle charging station shall run with title to the unit<\/span> to which the limited common element<\/span> parking space is appurtenant. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Any proprietary lessee<\/span> installing an electric vehicle charging station in a unit<\/span> or on a limited common element<\/span> parking space appurtenant to the unit<\/span> owned by the proprietary lessee<\/span> shall indemnify and hold the association<\/span> harmless from all liability, including reasonable attorney fees incurred by the association<\/span> resulting from a claim, arising out of the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of such electric charging station. An association<\/span> may require the proprietary lessee<\/span> to obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station and require the association<\/span> to be included as a named insured on such policy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS PERMITTED (\u00a7 55.1-2139.1)\n\nA. Except to the extent that the declaration provides otherwise, no association\nshall prohibit any proprietary lessee from installing an electric vehicle\ncharging station for the proprietary lessee’s personal use within the\nboundaries of a unit or limited common element parking space appurtenant to the\nunit owned by the proprietary lessee.\n\nB. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or the declaration, the\nassociation may prohibit a proprietary lessee from installing an electric\nvehicle charging station if installation of the electric vehicle charging\nstation is not technically feasible or practicable due to safety risks,\nstructural issues, or engineering conditions.\n\nC. The association may require as a condition of approving installation of an\nelectric vehicle charging station that the proprietary lessee:\n\n 1. Provide detailed plans and drawings for installation of an electric vehicle\n charging station prepared by a licensed and registered electrical contractor\n or engineer familiar with the installation and core requirements of an\n electric vehicle charging station.\n\n 2. Comply with applicable building codes or recognized safety standards.\n\n 3. Comply with reasonable architectural standards adopted by the association\n that govern the dimensions, placement, or external appearance of the electric\n vehicle charging station.\n\n 4. Pay the costs of installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the\n electric vehicle charging station.\n\n 5. Indemnify and hold the association harmless from any claim made by a\n contractor or supplier pursuant to Title 43.\n\n 6. Pay the cost of removal of the electric vehicle charging station if the\n proprietary lessee decides there is no longer a need for the electric vehicle\n charging station.\n\n 7. Separately meter, at the proprietary lessee’s sole expense, the\n utilities associated with such electric vehicle charging station and pay the\n cost of electricity and other associated utilities.\n\n 8. Engage the services of a licensed electrician or engineer familiar with the\n installation and core requirements of an electric vehicle charging station to\n install the electric vehicle charging station.\n\n 9. Obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses of claims\n related to the installation, maintenance, operation, and use of the electric\n vehicle charging station and provide a certificate of insurance naming the\n association as an additional insured on the proprietary lessee’s\n insurance policy for any claim related to the installation, maintenance,\n operation, or use of the electric vehicle charging station within 14 days\n after receiving the association’s approval to install such charging\n station.\n\n 10. Reimburse the association for any increase in common expenses specifically\n attributable to the electric vehicle charging station installation, including\n the actual cost of any increased insurance premium amount, within 14\n days’ notice from the association.\n\nD. The conditions imposed pursuant to this section on a proprietary lessee for\ninstallation of an electric vehicle charging station shall run with title to the\nunit to which the limited common element parking space is appurtenant.\n\nE. Any proprietary lessee installing an electric vehicle charging station in a\nunit or on a limited common element parking space appurtenant to the unit owned\nby the proprietary lessee shall indemnify and hold the association harmless from\nall liability, including reasonable attorney fees incurred by the association\nresulting from a claim, arising out of the installation, maintenance, operation,\nor use of such electric charging station. An association may require the\nproprietary lessee to obtain and maintain insurance covering claims and defenses\nof claims related to the installation, maintenance, operation, or use of the\nelectric vehicle charging station and require the association to be included as\na named insured on such policy.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, c. 1012.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}