{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-2165.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-2165.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-2165.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-2165.html"}],"law_id":84401,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84401,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","history":"1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-488; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"A\n\nExpress warranties made by any seller to a purchaser of a cooperative interest, if relied upon by the purchaser, are created as follows:1\n\nAny affirmation of fact or promise that relates to the unit, its use, or rights appurtenant to such unit, area improvements to the cooperative that would directly benefit the unit, or the right to use or have the benefit of facilities not located in the cooperative creates an express warranty that the unit and related rights and uses will conform to the affirmation or promise;2\n\nAny model or description of the physical characteristics of the cooperative, including plans and specifications of or for improvements, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the model or description;3\n\nAny description of the quantity or extent of the real estate comprising the cooperative, including plats or surveys, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the description, subject to customary tolerances; and4\n\nA provision that a buyer of a cooperative interest may put a unit that is part of that cooperative interest only to a specified use is an express warranty that the specified use is lawful.B\n\nNeither formal words, such as “warranty” or “guarantee,” nor a specific intention to make a warranty is necessary to create an express warranty of quality, but a statement purporting to be merely an opinion or commendation of the real estate or its value does not create a warranty.C\n\nAny conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all express warranties of quality made by previous sellers.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":302491,"text":"Express warranties made by any seller to a purchaser of a cooperative interest, if relied upon by the purchaser, are created as follows:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":302492,"text":"Any affirmation of fact or promise that relates to the unit, its use, or rights appurtenant to such unit, area improvements to the cooperative that would directly benefit the unit, or the right to use or have the benefit of facilities not located in the cooperative creates an express warranty that the unit and related rights and uses will conform to the affirmation or promise;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":302493,"text":"Any model or description of the physical characteristics of the cooperative, including plans and specifications of or for improvements, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the model or description;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":302494,"text":"Any description of the quantity or extent of the real estate comprising the cooperative, including plats or surveys, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the description, subject to customary tolerances; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":302495,"text":"A provision that a buyer of a cooperative interest may put a unit that is part of that cooperative interest only to a specified use is an express warranty that the specified use is lawful.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B"},"5":{"id":302496,"text":"Neither formal words, such as “warranty” or “guarantee,” nor a specific intention to make a warranty is necessary to create an express warranty of quality, but a statement purporting to be merely an opinion or commendation of the real estate or its value does not create a warranty.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"C"},"6":{"id":302497,"text":"Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all express warranties of quality made by previous sellers.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14195,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protection of Cooperative Purchasers","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13509,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","permalink":{"id":247337,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14195,"identifier":"4","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13509,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act","identifier":"21","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","permalink":{"id":247109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13509,"identifier":"21","token":"55.1\/IV\/21","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":69207,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2153","catch_line":"Applicability; waiver","url":"\/55.1-2153\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2153","metadata":false},{"id":80903,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2154","catch_line":"Liability for public offering statement; requirements","url":"\/55.1-2154\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2154","metadata":false},{"id":57013,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2155","catch_line":"Public offering statement; general provisions","url":"\/55.1-2155\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2155","metadata":false},{"id":68806,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2156","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives subject to development rights","url":"\/55.1-2156\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2156","metadata":false},{"id":71522,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2157","catch_line":"Public offering statement; time-shares","url":"\/55.1-2157\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2157","metadata":false},{"id":74617,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2158","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives containing conversion building","url":"\/55.1-2158\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2158","metadata":false},{"id":84882,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2159","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperative securities","url":"\/55.1-2159\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2159","metadata":false},{"id":66392,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2160","catch_line":"Purchaser's right to cancel","url":"\/55.1-2160\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2160","metadata":false},{"id":56734,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2161","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/55.1-2161\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2161","metadata":false},{"id":66987,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2162","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits","url":"\/55.1-2162\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2162","metadata":false},{"id":69847,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2163","catch_line":"Release of liens","url":"\/55.1-2163\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2163","metadata":false},{"id":71295,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2164","catch_line":"Conversion buildings","url":"\/55.1-2164\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2164","metadata":false},{"id":84401,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2165\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","metadata":false},{"id":85949,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2166\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","metadata":false},{"id":68678,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2167","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2167\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2167","metadata":false},{"id":62130,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","url":"\/55.1-2168\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2168","metadata":false},{"id":82381,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2169","catch_line":"Effect of violation on rights of action; attorney fees; arbitration of disputes","url":"\/55.1-2169\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2169","metadata":false},{"id":81822,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2170","catch_line":"Labeling of promotional material","url":"\/55.1-2170\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2170","metadata":false},{"id":55380,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2171","catch_line":"Declarant's obligation to complete and restore","url":"\/55.1-2171\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2171","metadata":false},{"id":64364,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2172","catch_line":"Substantial completion of units","url":"\/55.1-2172\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2172","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71295,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2164","catch_line":"Conversion buildings","url":"\/55.1-2164\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2164","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85949,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2166\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-2165\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1982. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 277 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1982 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62130,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2168\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":247387,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84401,"identifier":"55.1-2165","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","url":"\/55.1-2165\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2165\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","dublin_core":{"Title":"Express warranties of quality","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2165","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Express warranties made by any seller to a purchaser<\/span> of a cooperative interest<\/span>, if relied upon by the purchaser<\/span>, are created as follows: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Any affirmation of fact<\/span> or promise that relates to the unit<\/span>, its use, or rights appurtenant to such unit<\/span>, area improvements to the cooperative that would directly benefit the unit<\/span>, or the right to use or have the benefit of facilities not located in the cooperative creates an express warranty that the unit<\/span> and related rights and uses will conform to the affirmation or promise; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Any model or description of the physical characteristics of the cooperative, including plans and specifications of or for improvements, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the model or description; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Any description of the quantity or extent of the real estate<\/span> comprising the cooperative, including plats or surveys, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the description, subject to customary tolerances; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> A provision that a buyer of a cooperative interest<\/span> may put a unit<\/span> that is part of that cooperative interest<\/span> only to a specified use is an express warranty that the specified use is lawful. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Neither formal words, such as “warranty” or “guarantee,” nor a specific intention to make a warranty is necessary to create an express warranty of quality, but a statement purporting to be merely an opinion<\/span> or commendation of the real estate<\/span> or its value does not create a warranty. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any conveyance of a cooperative interest<\/span> transfers to the purchaser<\/span> all express warranties of quality made by previous sellers. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXPRESS WARRANTIES OF QUALITY (\u00a7 55.1-2165)\n\nA. Express warranties made by any seller to a purchaser of a cooperative\ninterest, if relied upon by the purchaser, are created as follows:\n\n 1. Any affirmation of fact or promise that relates to the unit, its use, or\n rights appurtenant to such unit, area improvements to the cooperative that\n would directly benefit the unit, or the right to use or have the benefit of\n facilities not located in the cooperative creates an express warranty that the\n unit and related rights and uses will conform to the affirmation or promise;\n\n 2. Any model or description of the physical characteristics of the\n cooperative, including plans and specifications of or for improvements,\n creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the model or\n description;\n\n 3. Any description of the quantity or extent of the real estate comprising the\n cooperative, including plats or surveys, creates an express warranty that the\n cooperative will conform to the description, subject to customary tolerances;\n and\n\n 4. A provision that a buyer of a cooperative interest may put a unit that is\n part of that cooperative interest only to a specified use is an express\n warranty that the specified use is lawful.\n\nB. Neither formal words, such as “warranty” or\n“guarantee,” nor a specific intention to make a warranty is\nnecessary to create an express warranty of quality, but a statement purporting\nto be merely an opinion or commendation of the real estate or its value does not\ncreate a warranty.\n\nC. Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all\nexpress warranties of quality made by previous sellers.\n\nHISTORY: 1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-488; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}