{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-2166.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-2166.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-2166.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-2166.html"}],"law_id":85949,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85949,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","history":"1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-489; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"A\n\nA declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant that a unit will be in at least as good condition at the earlier of the time of the conveyance of a cooperative interest or delivery of possession as it was at the time of contracting, reasonable wear and tear excepted.B\n\nA declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account impliedly warrant that a unit and the common elements in the cooperative are suitable for the ordinary uses of real estate of its type and that any improvements made or contracted for by him or made by any person before the creation of the cooperative will be:1\n\nFree from defective materials; and2\n\nConstructed in accordance with applicable law, according to sound engineering and construction standards, and in a workmanlike manner.C\n\nIn addition, a declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant to a purchaser of a cooperative interest for a unit that may be used for residential use that an existing use, continuation of which is contemplated by the parties, does not violate applicable law at the earlier of the time of conveyance or delivery of possession.D\n\nWarranties imposed by this section may be excluded or modified as specified in § 55.1-2167.E\n\nFor purposes of this section, improvements made or contracted for by an affiliate of a declarant are made or contracted for by the declarant.F\n\nAny conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all of the declarant’s implied warranties of quality.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":307833,"text":"A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant that a unit will be in at least as good condition at the earlier of the time of the conveyance of a cooperative interest or delivery of possession as it was at the time of contracting, reasonable wear and tear excepted.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":307834,"text":"A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account impliedly warrant that a unit and the common elements in the cooperative are suitable for the ordinary uses of real estate of its type and that any improvements made or contracted for by him or made by any person before the creation of the cooperative will be:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":307835,"text":"Free from defective materials; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":307836,"text":"Constructed in accordance with applicable law, according to sound engineering and construction standards, and in a workmanlike manner.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"C"},"4":{"id":307837,"text":"In addition, a declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant to a purchaser of a cooperative interest for a unit that may be used for residential use that an existing use, continuation of which is contemplated by the parties, does not violate applicable law at the earlier of the time of conveyance or delivery of possession.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"D"},"5":{"id":307838,"text":"Warranties imposed by this section may be excluded or modified as specified in § 55.1-2167.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"6":{"id":307839,"text":"For purposes of this section, improvements made or contracted for by an affiliate of a declarant are made or contracted for by the declarant.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"7":{"id":307840,"text":"Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all of the declarant’s implied warranties of quality.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14195,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protection of Cooperative Purchasers","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13509,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","permalink":{"id":247337,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14195,"identifier":"4","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13509,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act","identifier":"21","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","permalink":{"id":247109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13509,"identifier":"21","token":"55.1\/IV\/21","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":69207,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2153","catch_line":"Applicability; waiver","url":"\/55.1-2153\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2153","metadata":false},{"id":80903,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2154","catch_line":"Liability for public offering statement; requirements","url":"\/55.1-2154\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2154","metadata":false},{"id":57013,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2155","catch_line":"Public offering statement; general provisions","url":"\/55.1-2155\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2155","metadata":false},{"id":68806,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2156","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives subject to development rights","url":"\/55.1-2156\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2156","metadata":false},{"id":71522,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2157","catch_line":"Public offering statement; time-shares","url":"\/55.1-2157\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2157","metadata":false},{"id":74617,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2158","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives containing conversion building","url":"\/55.1-2158\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2158","metadata":false},{"id":84882,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2159","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperative securities","url":"\/55.1-2159\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2159","metadata":false},{"id":66392,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2160","catch_line":"Purchaser's right to cancel","url":"\/55.1-2160\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2160","metadata":false},{"id":56734,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2161","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/55.1-2161\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2161","metadata":false},{"id":66987,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2162","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits","url":"\/55.1-2162\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2162","metadata":false},{"id":69847,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2163","catch_line":"Release of liens","url":"\/55.1-2163\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2163","metadata":false},{"id":71295,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2164","catch_line":"Conversion buildings","url":"\/55.1-2164\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2164","metadata":false},{"id":84401,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2165\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","metadata":false},{"id":85949,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2166\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","metadata":false},{"id":68678,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2167","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2167\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2167","metadata":false},{"id":62130,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","url":"\/55.1-2168\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2168","metadata":false},{"id":82381,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2169","catch_line":"Effect of violation on rights of action; attorney fees; arbitration of disputes","url":"\/55.1-2169\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2169","metadata":false},{"id":81822,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2170","catch_line":"Labeling of promotional material","url":"\/55.1-2170\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2170","metadata":false},{"id":55380,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2171","catch_line":"Declarant's obligation to complete and restore","url":"\/55.1-2171\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2171","metadata":false},{"id":64364,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2172","catch_line":"Substantial completion of units","url":"\/55.1-2172\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2172","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":84401,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2165\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68678,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2167","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2167\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2167","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-2166\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1982. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 277 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1982 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62130,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2168\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":247391,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85949,"identifier":"55.1-2166","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","url":"\/55.1-2166\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2166\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","dublin_core":{"Title":"Implied warranties of quality","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2166","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A declarant<\/span> and any person<\/span> in the business of selling cooperative interests<\/span> for his own account warrant that a unit<\/span> will be in at least as good condition at the earlier of the time of the conveyance of a cooperative interest<\/span> or delivery of possession<\/span> as it was at the time of contracting, reasonable wear and tear excepted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A declarant<\/span> and any person<\/span> in the business of selling cooperative interests<\/span> for his own account impliedly warrant that a unit<\/span> and the common elements<\/span> in the cooperative are suitable for the ordinary uses of real estate<\/span> of its type and that any improvements made or contracted for by him or made by any person<\/span> before the creation of the cooperative will be: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Free from defective materials<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Constructed in accordance with applicable law<\/span>, according to sound engineering and construction standards, and in a workmanlike manner. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> In addition, a declarant<\/span> and any person<\/span> in the business of selling cooperative interests<\/span> for his own account warrant to a purchaser<\/span> of a cooperative interest<\/span> for a unit<\/span> that may be used for residential use that an existing use, continuation of which is contemplated by the parties, does not violate applicable law<\/span> at the earlier of the time of conveyance or delivery of possession<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Warranties imposed by this section may be excluded or modified as specified in § 55.1-2167<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> For purposes of this section, improvements made or contracted for by an affiliate of a declarant<\/span> are made or contracted for by the declarant. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Any conveyance of a cooperative interest<\/span> transfers to the purchaser<\/span> all of the declarant’s implied warranties of quality. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF QUALITY (\u00a7 55.1-2166)\n\nA. A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests\nfor his own account warrant that a unit will be in at least as good condition at\nthe earlier of the time of the conveyance of a cooperative interest or delivery\nof possession as it was at the time of contracting, reasonable wear and tear\nexcepted.\n\nB. A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests\nfor his own account impliedly warrant that a unit and the common elements in the\ncooperative are suitable for the ordinary uses of real estate of its type and\nthat any improvements made or contracted for by him or made by any person before\nthe creation of the cooperative will be:\n\n 1. Free from defective materials; and\n\n 2. Constructed in accordance with applicable law, according to sound\n engineering and construction standards, and in a workmanlike manner.\n\nC. In addition, a declarant and any person in the business of selling\ncooperative interests for his own account warrant to a purchaser of a\ncooperative interest for a unit that may be used for residential use that an\nexisting use, continuation of which is contemplated by the parties, does not\nviolate applicable law at the earlier of the time of conveyance or delivery of\npossession.\n\nD. Warranties imposed by this section may be excluded or modified as specified\nin § 55.1-2167.\n\nE. For purposes of this section, improvements made or contracted for by an\naffiliate of a declarant are made or contracted for by the declarant.\n\nF. Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all of\nthe declarant’s implied warranties of quality.\n\nHISTORY: 1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-489; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}