{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-2168.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-2168.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-2168.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-2168.html"}],"law_id":62130,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62130,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","history":"1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-491; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"A\n\nA judicial proceeding for breach of any obligation arising under § 55.1-2165 or 55.1-2166 must be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues, but the parties may agree to reduce the period of limitation to not less than two years. With respect to a unit that may be occupied for residential use, an agreement to reduce the period of limitation must be evidenced by a separate instrument executed by the purchaser of the cooperative interest for that unit.B\n\nSubject to subsection C, a cause of action for breach of warranty of quality, regardless of the purchaser’s lack of knowledge of the breach, accrues:1\n\nAs to a unit, at the time the purchaser to whom the warranty is first made enters into possession if a possessory interest was conveyed, or at the time of acceptance of the instrument of conveyance if a nonpossessory interest was conveyed; and2\n\nAs to each common element, at the time the common element is completed or, if later, (i) as to a common element that may be added to the cooperative or portion of the cooperative, at the time the first cooperative interest for a unit in such cooperative interest is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser, or (ii) as to a common element within any other portion of the cooperative, at the first time a cooperative interest in the cooperative is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser.C\n\nIf a warranty of quality explicitly extends to future performance or duration of any improvement or component of the cooperative, the cause of action accrues at the time the breach is discovered or at the end of the period for which the warranty explicitly extends, whichever is earlier.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":226668,"text":"A judicial proceeding for breach of any obligation arising under § 55.1-2165 or 55.1-2166 must be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues, but the parties may agree to reduce the period of limitation to not less than two years. With respect to a unit that may be occupied for residential use, an agreement to reduce the period of limitation must be evidenced by a separate instrument executed by the purchaser of the cooperative interest for that unit.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":226669,"text":"Subject to subsection C, a cause of action for breach of warranty of quality, regardless of the purchaser’s lack of knowledge of the breach, accrues:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":226670,"text":"As to a unit, at the time the purchaser to whom the warranty is first made enters into possession if a possessory interest was conveyed, or at the time of acceptance of the instrument of conveyance if a nonpossessory interest was conveyed; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":226671,"text":"As to each common element, at the time the common element is completed or, if later, (i) as to a common element that may be added to the cooperative or portion of the cooperative, at the time the first cooperative interest for a unit in such cooperative interest is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser, or (ii) as to a common element within any other portion of the cooperative, at the first time a cooperative interest in the cooperative is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"C"},"4":{"id":226672,"text":"If a warranty of quality explicitly extends to future performance or duration of any improvement or component of the cooperative, the cause of action accrues at the time the breach is discovered or at the end of the period for which the warranty explicitly extends, whichever is earlier.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14195,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protection of Cooperative Purchasers","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13509,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:14","permalink":{"id":247337,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14195,"identifier":"4","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13509,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act","identifier":"21","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:06","permalink":{"id":247109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13509,"identifier":"21","token":"55.1\/IV\/21","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":69207,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2153","catch_line":"Applicability; waiver","url":"\/55.1-2153\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2153","metadata":false},{"id":80903,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2154","catch_line":"Liability for public offering statement; requirements","url":"\/55.1-2154\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2154","metadata":false},{"id":57013,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2155","catch_line":"Public offering statement; general provisions","url":"\/55.1-2155\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2155","metadata":false},{"id":68806,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2156","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives subject to development rights","url":"\/55.1-2156\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2156","metadata":false},{"id":71522,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2157","catch_line":"Public offering statement; time-shares","url":"\/55.1-2157\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2157","metadata":false},{"id":74617,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2158","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperatives containing conversion building","url":"\/55.1-2158\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2158","metadata":false},{"id":84882,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2159","catch_line":"Public offering statement; cooperative securities","url":"\/55.1-2159\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2159","metadata":false},{"id":66392,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2160","catch_line":"Purchaser's right to cancel","url":"\/55.1-2160\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2160","metadata":false},{"id":56734,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2161","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/55.1-2161\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2161","metadata":false},{"id":66987,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2162","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits","url":"\/55.1-2162\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2162","metadata":false},{"id":69847,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2163","catch_line":"Release of liens","url":"\/55.1-2163\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2163","metadata":false},{"id":71295,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2164","catch_line":"Conversion buildings","url":"\/55.1-2164\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2164","metadata":false},{"id":84401,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2165\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2165","metadata":false},{"id":85949,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2166\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2166","metadata":false},{"id":68678,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2167","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2167\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2167","metadata":false},{"id":62130,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2168","catch_line":"Statute of limitations for warranties","url":"\/55.1-2168\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2168","metadata":false},{"id":82381,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2169","catch_line":"Effect of violation on rights of action; attorney fees; arbitration of disputes","url":"\/55.1-2169\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2169","metadata":false},{"id":81822,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2170","catch_line":"Labeling of promotional material","url":"\/55.1-2170\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2170","metadata":false},{"id":55380,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2171","catch_line":"Declarant's obligation to complete and restore","url":"\/55.1-2171\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2171","metadata":false},{"id":64364,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2172","catch_line":"Substantial completion of units","url":"\/55.1-2172\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2172","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":68678,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2167","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality","url":"\/55.1-2167\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2167","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":82381,"structure_id":14195,"section_number":"55.1-2169","catch_line":"Effect of violation on rights of action; attorney fees; arbitration of disputes","url":"\/55.1-2169\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2169","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-2168\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1982. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 277 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1982 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":84401,"section_number":"55.1-2165","catch_line":"Express warranties of quality","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2165\/"},{"id":85949,"section_number":"55.1-2166","catch_line":"Implied warranties of quality","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2166\/"}],"permalink":{"id":247399,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62130,"identifier":"55.1-2168","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2168","url":"\/55.1-2168\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2168\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/21\/4\/55.1-2168","dublin_core":{"Title":"Statute of limitations for warranties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2168","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A judicial proceeding for breach of any obligation arising under § 55.1-2165<\/a> or 55.1-2166<\/a> must be commenced within six years after the cause of action<\/span> accrues, but the parties may agree to reduce the period of limitation to not less than two years. With respect to a unit<\/span> that may be occupied for residential use, an agreement to reduce the period of limitation must be evidenced by a separate instrument executed by the purchaser<\/span> of the cooperative interest<\/span> for that unit<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Subject to subsection C, a cause of action<\/span> for breach of warranty of quality, regardless of the purchaser<\/span>’s lack of knowledge of the breach, accrues: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> As to a unit<\/span>, at the time the purchaser<\/span> to whom the warranty is first made enters into possession<\/span> if a possessory interest was conveyed, or at the time of acceptance of the instrument of conveyance if a nonpossessory interest was conveyed; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> As to each common element, at the time the common element is completed or, if later, (i) as to a common element that may be added to the cooperative or portion of the cooperative, at the time the first cooperative interest<\/span> for a unit<\/span> in such cooperative interest<\/span> is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser<\/span>, or (ii) as to a common element within any other portion of the cooperative, at the first time a cooperative interest<\/span> in the cooperative is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> If a warranty of quality explicitly extends to future performance or duration of any improvement or component of the cooperative, the cause of action<\/span> accrues at the time the breach is discovered or at the end of the period for which the warranty explicitly extends, whichever is earlier. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSTATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR WARRANTIES (\u00a7 55.1-2168)\n\nA. A judicial proceeding for breach of any obligation arising under §\n55.1-2165 or 55.1-2166 must be commenced within six years after the cause of\naction accrues, but the parties may agree to reduce the period of limitation to\nnot less than two years. With respect to a unit that may be occupied for\nresidential use, an agreement to reduce the period of limitation must be\nevidenced by a separate instrument executed by the purchaser of the cooperative\ninterest for that unit.\n\nB. Subject to subsection C, a cause of action for breach of warranty of quality,\nregardless of the purchaser’s lack of knowledge of the breach, accrues:\n\n 1. As to a unit, at the time the purchaser to whom the warranty is first made\n enters into possession if a possessory interest was conveyed, or at the time\n of acceptance of the instrument of conveyance if a nonpossessory interest was\n conveyed; and\n\n 2. As to each common element, at the time the common element is completed or,\n if later, (i) as to a common element that may be added to the cooperative or\n portion of the cooperative, at the time the first cooperative interest for a\n unit in such cooperative interest is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser, or\n (ii) as to a common element within any other portion of the cooperative, at\n the first time a cooperative interest in the cooperative is conveyed to a bona\n fide purchaser.\n\nC. If a warranty of quality explicitly extends to future performance or duration\nof any improvement or component of the cooperative, the cause of action accrues\nat the time the breach is discovered or at the end of the period for which the\nwarranty explicitly extends, whichever is earlier.\n\nHISTORY: 1982, c. 277, \u00a7 55-491; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}