{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-2224.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-2224.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-2224.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-2224.html"}],"law_id":57283,"edition_id":1,"section_id":57283,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2224","catch_line":"Liability limited; liability actions prohibited","history":"2007, c. 267, \u00a7 55-376.3; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as provided in subsection B, a project professional is not liable for injury to or death of a participant resulting from the inherent risks of project activity, so long as the warning contained in § 55.1-2225 is posted as required. Except as provided in subsection B, no participant or participant’s representative may maintain an action against or recover from a project professional for injury, loss, damage, or death of the participant resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of project activity, provided that in any action for damages against a project professional for a project activity, the project professional shall plead the affirmative defense of assumption of the inherent risks of project activity by the participant.B\n\nNothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a project professional if the project professional does any one or more of the following:1\n\nCommits an act or omission that constitutes negligence or willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant, and that act or omission proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant;2\n\nHas actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous condition on the land or in the facilities or equipment used in the project activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular animal used in such activity, and does not make the danger known to the participant, and the danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant; or3\n\nIntentionally injures the participant.C\n\nAny limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a project professional is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by law.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":209815,"text":"Except as provided in subsection B, a project professional is not liable for injury to or death of a participant resulting from the inherent risks of project activity, so long as the warning contained in § 55.1-2225 is posted as required. Except as provided in subsection B, no participant or participant’s representative may maintain an action against or recover from a project professional for injury, loss, damage, or death of the participant resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of project activity, provided that in any action for damages against a project professional for a project activity, the project professional shall plead the affirmative defense of assumption of the inherent risks of project activity by the participant.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":209816,"text":"Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a project professional if the project professional does any one or more of the following:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":209817,"text":"Commits an act or omission that constitutes negligence or willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant, and that act or omission proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":209818,"text":"Has actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous condition on the land or in the facilities or equipment used in the project activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular animal used in such activity, and does not make the danger known to the participant, and the danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":209819,"text":"Intentionally injures the participant.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":209820,"text":"Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a project professional is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by law.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14946,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protection of Purchasers","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13543,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:50:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:50:59","permalink":{"id":247543,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14946,"identifier":"3","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13543,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act","identifier":"22","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12914,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:10","permalink":{"id":247469,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13543,"identifier":"22","token":"55.1\/IV\/22","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/22\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12914,"edition_id":1,"name":"Common Interest Communities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:01","permalink":{"id":246473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12914,"identifier":"IV","token":"55.1\/IV","url":"\/55.1\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64589,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2217","catch_line":"Public offering statement","url":"\/55.1-2217\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2217","metadata":false},{"id":70516,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2218","catch_line":"Certain advertising practices regulated","url":"\/55.1-2218\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2218","metadata":false},{"id":82622,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2219","catch_line":"Exchange programs","url":"\/55.1-2219\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2219","metadata":false},{"id":65782,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2220","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits; use of corporate surety bond or irrevocable letter of credit","url":"\/55.1-2220\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2220","metadata":false},{"id":57032,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2221","catch_line":"Purchaser's rights of cancellation","url":"\/55.1-2221\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2221","metadata":false},{"id":58820,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2222","catch_line":"Possibility of reverter","url":"\/55.1-2222\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2222","metadata":false},{"id":64333,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2223","catch_line":"Recording and delivery of deed","url":"\/55.1-2223\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2223","metadata":false},{"id":57283,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2224","catch_line":"Liability limited; liability actions prohibited","url":"\/55.1-2224\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2224","metadata":false},{"id":67991,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2225","catch_line":"Warning required","url":"\/55.1-2225\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2225","metadata":false},{"id":70835,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2226","catch_line":"Buyer's Acknowledgment","url":"\/55.1-2226\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2226","metadata":false},{"id":80782,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2227","catch_line":"Resale of time-shares","url":"\/55.1-2227\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2227","metadata":false},{"id":81261,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2228","catch_line":"Required resale disclosures","url":"\/55.1-2228\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2228","metadata":false},{"id":60659,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2229","catch_line":"Liens","url":"\/55.1-2229\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2229","metadata":false},{"id":80677,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2230","catch_line":"Effect of violations on rights of action; attorney fees; prior determination of Common Interest Community Board required for certain violations","url":"\/55.1-2230\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2230","metadata":false},{"id":85586,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2231","catch_line":"Statute of limitations; actions; limitation on rescission rights","url":"\/55.1-2231\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2231","metadata":false},{"id":75281,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2232","catch_line":"Class actions","url":"\/55.1-2232\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2232","metadata":false},{"id":62762,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2233","catch_line":"Financial records","url":"\/55.1-2233\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2233","metadata":false},{"id":64251,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2234","catch_line":"Developer's obligation to complete","url":"\/55.1-2234\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2234","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64333,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2223","catch_line":"Recording and delivery of deed","url":"\/55.1-2223\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2223","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":67991,"structure_id":14946,"section_number":"55.1-2225","catch_line":"Warning required","url":"\/55.1-2225\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2225","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-2224\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2007. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 267<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":67991,"section_number":"55.1-2225","catch_line":"Warning required","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2225\/"}],"permalink":{"id":247573,"object_type":"law","relational_id":57283,"identifier":"55.1-2224","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2224","url":"\/55.1-2224\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2224\/","token":"55.1\/IV\/22\/3\/55.1-2224","dublin_core":{"Title":"Liability limited; liability actions prohibited","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2224","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except as provided in subsection B, a project professional<\/span> is not liable for injury to or death of a participant<\/span> resulting from the inherent risks of project activity<\/span>, so long as the warning contained in § 55.1-2225<\/a> is posted as required. Except as provided in subsection B, no participant<\/span> or participant<\/span>’s representative may maintain an action against or recover from a project professional<\/span> for injury, loss, damage, or death of the participant<\/span> resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of project activity<\/span>, provided that in any action for damages<\/span> against a project professional<\/span> for a project activity, the project professional<\/span> shall plead the affirmative defense<\/span> of assumption of the inherent risks of project activity<\/span> by the participant<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a project professional<\/span> if the project professional<\/span> does any one or more of the following: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Commits an act or omission that constitutes negligence<\/span> or willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant<\/span>, and that act or omission proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Has actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous condition on the land or in the facilities or equipment used in the project activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular animal used in such activity, and does not make the danger known to the participant<\/span>, and the danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Intentionally injures the participant<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a project professional<\/span> is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIABILITY LIMITED; LIABILITY ACTIONS PROHIBITED (\u00a7 55.1-2224)\n\nA. Except as provided in subsection B, a project professional is not liable for\ninjury to or death of a participant resulting from the inherent risks of project\nactivity, so long as the warning contained in § 55.1-2225 is posted as\nrequired. Except as provided in subsection B, no participant or\nparticipant’s representative may maintain an action against or recover\nfrom a project professional for injury, loss, damage, or death of the\nparticipant resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of project\nactivity, provided that in any action for damages against a project professional\nfor a project activity, the project professional shall plead the affirmative\ndefense of assumption of the inherent risks of project activity by the\nparticipant.\n\nB. Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a project\nprofessional if the project professional does any one or more of the following:\n\n 1. Commits an act or omission that constitutes negligence or willful or wanton\n disregard for the safety of the participant, and that act or omission\n proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant;\n\n 2. Has actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous\n condition on the land or in the facilities or equipment used in the project\n activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular animal used in such\n activity, and does not make the danger known to the participant, and the\n danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant; or\n\n 3. Intentionally injures the participant.\n\nC. Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a project\nprofessional is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability\notherwise provided by law.\n\nHISTORY: 2007, c. 267, \u00a7 55-376.3; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}