{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-347.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-347.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-347.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-347.html"}],"law_id":64322,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64322,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-347","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2006, c. 907, \u00a7 55-66.9; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:\n\t\t“Day” means calendar day.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:\n\n1\n\nInscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and2\n\nEligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t\t“Real property” means real property that is used for residential or nonresidential purposes.\n\t\t\t“Recording data” means the date, and deed book and page number or instrument number, that indicates where a document is recorded in the land records of the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600 et seq.).\n\t\t\t“Secured creditor” means a person that holds or is the beneficiary of a security interest or that is authorized both to receive payments on behalf of a person that holds a security interest in real property and to record a satisfaction of the security instrument upon receiving full performance of the secured obligation. “Secured creditor” does not include a trustee under a security instrument. “Secured creditor” also includes “lender” as used in Chapter 10 (§ 55.1-1000 et seq.) and “lien creditor” and “servicer” as defined in § 55.1-339.\n\t\t\t“Secured obligation” means an obligation the payment or performance of which is secured by a security interest.\n\t\t\t“Security instrument” means an agreement, however denominated, that creates or provides for a security interest, whether or not it also creates or provides for a lien on personal property.\n\t\t\t“Security interest” means an interest in real property created by a security instrument, securing payment, or performance of an obligation and includes a mortgage or deed of trust.\n\t\t\t“Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate, accept, or adopt a document:1\n\nTo execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or2\n\nTo attach to or logically associate with the document an electronic sound, symbol, or process.\n\t\t\t“State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.\n\t\t\t“Submit for recording” means to deliver, with required fees and taxes, a document sufficient to be recorded under this article to the office of the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600 et seq.).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":234104,"text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:\n\t\t“Day” means calendar day.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":234105,"text":"Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":234106,"text":"Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t\t“Real property” means real property that is used for residential or nonresidential purposes.\n\t\t\t“Recording data” means the date, and deed book and page number or instrument number, that indicates where a document is recorded in the land records of the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600 et seq.).\n\t\t\t“Secured creditor” means a person that holds or is the beneficiary of a security interest or that is authorized both to receive payments on behalf of a person that holds a security interest in real property and to record a satisfaction of the security instrument upon receiving full performance of the secured obligation. “Secured creditor” does not include a trustee under a security instrument. “Secured creditor” also includes “lender” as used in Chapter 10 (§ 55.1-1000 et seq.) and “lien creditor” and “servicer” as defined in § 55.1-339.\n\t\t\t“Secured obligation” means an obligation the payment or performance of which is secured by a security interest.\n\t\t\t“Security instrument” means an agreement, however denominated, that creates or provides for a security interest, whether or not it also creates or provides for a lien on personal property.\n\t\t\t“Security interest” means an interest in real property created by a security instrument, securing payment, or performance of an obligation and includes a mortgage or deed of trust.\n\t\t\t“Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate, accept, or adopt a document:","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1"},"3":{"id":234107,"text":"To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"2"},"4":{"id":234108,"text":"To attach to or logically associate with the document an electronic sound, symbol, or process.\n\t\t\t“State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.\n\t\t\t“Submit for recording” means to deliver, with required fees and taxes, a document sufficient to be recorded under this article to the office of the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15404,"edition_id":1,"name":"Satisfaction of Security Interest in Real Property","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13328,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:54:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:54:39","permalink":{"id":245187,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15404,"identifier":"3","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3","url":"\/55.1\/I\/3\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13328,"edition_id":1,"name":"Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13327,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","permalink":{"id":244985,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13328,"identifier":"3","token":"55.1\/I\/3","url":"\/55.1\/I\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13327,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property Conveyances","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","permalink":{"id":244771,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13327,"identifier":"I","token":"55.1\/I","url":"\/55.1\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63720,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-346","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/55.1-346\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-346","metadata":false},{"id":64322,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-347","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/55.1-347\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-347","metadata":false},{"id":59796,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-348","catch_line":"Document of rescission; effect; liability for wrongful recording","url":"\/55.1-348\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-348","metadata":false},{"id":70687,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-349","catch_line":"Secured creditor to submit satisfaction for recording; liability for failure","url":"\/55.1-349\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-349","metadata":false},{"id":86234,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-350","catch_line":"Form and effect of satisfaction","url":"\/55.1-350\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-350","metadata":false},{"id":58659,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-351","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/55.1-351\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-351","metadata":false},{"id":82547,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-352","catch_line":"Uniform standards","url":"\/55.1-352\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-352","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63720,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-346","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/55.1-346\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-346","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59796,"structure_id":15404,"section_number":"55.1-348","catch_line":"Document of rescission; effect; liability for wrongful recording","url":"\/55.1-348\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-348","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-347\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2006. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 907<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":80642,"section_number":"55.1-1000","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1000\/"},{"id":82066,"section_number":"55.1-339","catch_line":"Release of deed of trust or other lien","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-339\/"},{"id":61518,"section_number":"55.1-600","catch_line":"When and where writings recorded","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-600\/"},{"id":60668,"section_number":"59.1-479","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-479\/"}],"permalink":{"id":245193,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64322,"identifier":"55.1-347","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-347","url":"\/55.1-347\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-347\/","token":"55.1\/I\/3\/3\/55.1-347","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-347","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:\n\t\t“Day<\/span>” means calendar day<\/span>.\n\t\t“Document<\/span>” means information that is:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479<\/a> et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Person<\/span>” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t\t“Real property<\/span>” means real property<\/span> that is used for residential or nonresidential purposes.\n\t\t\t“Recording data<\/span>” means the date, and deed book and page number or instrument number, that indicates where a document<\/span> is recorded in the land records of the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600<\/a> et seq.).\n\t\t\t“Secured creditor<\/span>” means a person<\/span> that holds or is the beneficiary of a security interest<\/span> or that is authorized both to receive payments on behalf of a person<\/span> that holds a security interest<\/span> in real property<\/span> and to record a satisfaction of the security instrument<\/span> upon receiving full performance of the secured obligation<\/span>. “Secured creditor<\/span>” does not include a trustee under a security instrument<\/span>. “Secured creditor<\/span>” also includes “lender<\/span>” as used in Chapter 10 (§ 55.1-1000<\/a> et seq.) and “lien creditor<\/span>” and “servicer<\/span>” as defined in § 55.1-339<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Secured obligation<\/span>” means an obligation the payment or performance of which is secured by a security interest<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Security instrument<\/span>” means an agreement, however denominated, that creates or provides for a security interest<\/span>, whether or not it also creates or provides for a lien on personal property.\n\t\t\t“Security interest<\/span>” means an interest in real property<\/span> created by a security instrument<\/span>, securing payment, or performance of an obligation and includes a mortgage or deed of trust.\n\t\t\t“Sign” means, with present intent<\/span> to authenticate, accept, or adopt a document<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> To attach to or logically associate with the document<\/span> an electronic sound, symbol, or process.\n\t\t\t“State<\/span>” means a state<\/span> of the United States<\/span>, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States<\/span> Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession<\/span> subject to the jurisdiction<\/span> of the United States<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Submit for recording<\/span>” means to deliver, with required fees and taxes, a document<\/span> sufficient to be recorded under this article to the office of the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 55.1-347)\n\nAs used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:\n\t\t“Day” means calendar day.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:\n\n1. Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other\nmedium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and\n\n2. Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions\nAct (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical,\ndigital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust,\nestate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint\nventure, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or\ninstrumentality or any other legal or commercial entity.\n\t\t\t“Real property” means real property that is used for residential\nor nonresidential purposes.\n\t\t\t“Recording data” means the date, and deed book and page number\nor instrument number, that indicates where a document is recorded in the land\nrecords of the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600\net seq.).\n\t\t\t“Secured creditor” means a person that holds or is the\nbeneficiary of a security interest or that is authorized both to receive\npayments on behalf of a person that holds a security interest in real property\nand to record a satisfaction of the security instrument upon receiving full\nperformance of the secured obligation. “Secured creditor” does not\ninclude a trustee under a security instrument. “Secured creditor”\nalso includes “lender” as used in Chapter 10 (§ 55.1-1000 et\nseq.) and “lien creditor” and “servicer” as defined in\n§ 55.1-339.\n\t\t\t“Secured obligation” means an obligation the payment or\nperformance of which is secured by a security interest.\n\t\t\t“Security instrument” means an agreement, however denominated,\nthat creates or provides for a security interest, whether or not it also creates\nor provides for a lien on personal property.\n\t\t\t“Security interest” means an interest in real property created\nby a security instrument, securing payment, or performance of an obligation and\nincludes a mortgage or deed of trust.\n\t\t\t“Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate, accept, or\nadopt a document:\n\n1. To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or\n\n2. To attach to or logically associate with the document an electronic sound,\nsymbol, or process.\n\t\t\t“State” means a state of the United States, the District of\nColumbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or\ninsular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.\n\t\t\t“Submit for recording” means to deliver, with required fees and\ntaxes, a document sufficient to be recorded under this article to the office of\nthe clerk of the circuit court pursuant to Chapter 6 (§ 55.1-600 et seq.).\n\nHISTORY: 2006, c. 907, \u00a7 55-66.9; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}