{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-400.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-400.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-400.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-400.html"}],"law_id":59922,"edition_id":1,"section_id":59922,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-400","catch_line":"Void fraudulent acts; bona fide purchasers not affected","history":"Code 1919, \u00a7 5184; Code 1950, \u00a7 55-80; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"Every (i) gift, conveyance, assignment, or transfer of, or charge upon, any estate, real or personal, (ii) action commenced or order, judgment, or execution suffered or obtained, and (iii) bond or other writing given with intent to delay, hinder, or defraud creditors, purchasers, or other persons of or from what they are or may be lawfully entitled to shall, as to such creditors, purchasers, or other persons or their representatives or assigns, be void. This section shall not affect the title of a purchaser for valuable consideration, unless it appears that he had notice of the fraudulent intent of his immediate grantor or of the fraud rendering void the title of such grantor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":219456,"text":"Every (i) gift, conveyance, assignment, or transfer of, or charge upon, any estate, real or personal, (ii) action commenced or order, judgment, or execution suffered or obtained, and (iii) bond or other writing given with intent to delay, hinder, or defraud creditors, purchasers, or other persons of or from what they are or may be lawfully entitled to shall, as to such creditors, purchasers, or other persons or their representatives or assigns, be void. This section shall not affect the title of a purchaser for valuable consideration, unless it appears that he had notice of the fraudulent intent of his immediate grantor or of the fraud rendering void the title of such grantor.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14252,"edition_id":1,"name":"Fraudulent and Voluntary Conveyances; Writings Necessary to be Recorded","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13327,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:27","permalink":{"id":245263,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14252,"identifier":"4","token":"55.1\/I\/4","url":"\/55.1\/I\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13327,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property Conveyances","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","permalink":{"id":244771,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13327,"identifier":"I","token":"55.1\/I","url":"\/55.1\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":59922,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-400","catch_line":"Void fraudulent acts; bona fide purchasers not affected","url":"\/55.1-400\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-400","metadata":false},{"id":81651,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-401","catch_line":"Voluntary gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges; void as to prior creditors","url":"\/55.1-401\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-401","metadata":false},{"id":79832,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-402","catch_line":"Creditor's action to avoid such gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges","url":"\/55.1-402\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-402","metadata":false},{"id":60771,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-403","catch_line":"Creditor's action; attorney fees","url":"\/55.1-403\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-403","metadata":false},{"id":60873,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-404","catch_line":"Authority of court to set aside","url":"\/55.1-404\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-404","metadata":false},{"id":70774,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-405","catch_line":"Loans and reservations of a use or property to be recorded","url":"\/55.1-405\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-405","metadata":false},{"id":59972,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-406","catch_line":"Certain recorded contracts as valid as deeds","url":"\/55.1-406\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-406","metadata":false},{"id":76968,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-407","catch_line":"Contracts, etc., void as to creditors and purchasers until recorded; priority of credit line deed of trust","url":"\/55.1-407\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-407","metadata":false},{"id":55483,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-408","catch_line":"Where to be recorded","url":"\/55.1-408\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-408","metadata":false},{"id":85245,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-409","catch_line":"Recordation of instruments affecting civil aircraft of United States","url":"\/55.1-409\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-409","metadata":false},{"id":75046,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-410","catch_line":"Priority of writings when admitted to record same day","url":"\/55.1-410\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-410","metadata":false},{"id":84305,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-411","catch_line":"When writings to be recorded in county, and when in city","url":"\/55.1-411\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-411","metadata":false},{"id":77900,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-412","catch_line":"Words \"creditors\" and \"purchasers,\" how construed","url":"\/55.1-412\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-412","metadata":false},{"id":72147,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-413","catch_line":"Lien of subsequent purchaser for purchase money paid before notice","url":"\/55.1-413\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-413","metadata":false},{"id":67269,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-414","catch_line":"When purchaser not affected by record of deed or contract","url":"\/55.1-414\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-414","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":81651,"structure_id":14252,"section_number":"55.1-401","catch_line":"Voluntary gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges; void as to prior creditors","url":"\/55.1-401\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-401","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-400\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":79832,"section_number":"55.1-402","catch_line":"Creditor's action to avoid such gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-402\/"},{"id":60771,"section_number":"55.1-403","catch_line":"Creditor's action; attorney fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-403\/"},{"id":60873,"section_number":"55.1-404","catch_line":"Authority of court to set aside","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-404\/"},{"id":68515,"section_number":"64.2-2735","catch_line":"Creditor claim; general power created by powerholder","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-2735\/"},{"id":60688,"section_number":"64.2-2738","catch_line":"Creditor claim; nongeneral power","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-2738\/"},{"id":78194,"section_number":"64.2-745.1","catch_line":"Self-settled spendthrift trusts","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-745.1\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":245265,"object_type":"law","relational_id":59922,"identifier":"55.1-400","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-400","url":"\/55.1-400\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-400\/","token":"55.1\/I\/4\/55.1-400","dublin_core":{"Title":"Void fraudulent acts; bona fide purchasers not affected","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-400","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Every (i) gift, conveyance, assignment, or transfer of, or charge upon, any estate, real or personal, (ii) action commenced or order<\/span>, judgment<\/span>, or execution suffered or obtained, and (iii) bond<\/span> or other writing given with intent<\/span> to delay, hinder, or defraud creditors<\/span>, purchasers, or other persons of or from what they are or may be lawfully entitled to shall, as to such creditors<\/span>, purchasers, or other persons or their representatives or assigns, be void. This section shall not affect the title of a purchaser for valuable consideration, unless it appears that he had notice of the fraudulent intent<\/span> of his immediate grantor or of the fraud<\/span> rendering void the title of such grantor.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nVOID FRAUDULENT ACTS; BONA FIDE PURCHASERS NOT AFFECTED (\u00a7 55.1-400)\n\nEvery (i) gift, conveyance, assignment, or transfer of, or charge upon, any\nestate, real or personal, (ii) action commenced or order, judgment, or execution\nsuffered or obtained, and (iii) bond or other writing given with intent to\ndelay, hinder, or defraud creditors, purchasers, or other persons of or from\nwhat they are or may be lawfully entitled to shall, as to such creditors,\npurchasers, or other persons or their representatives or assigns, be void. This\nsection shall not affect the title of a purchaser for valuable consideration,\nunless it appears that he had notice of the fraudulent intent of his immediate\ngrantor or of the fraud rendering void the title of such grantor.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1919, \u00a7 5184; Code 1950, \u00a7 55-80; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}