{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/55.1-661.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/55.1-661.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/55.1-661.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/55.1-661.html"}],"law_id":66472,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66472,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-661","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2006, c. 745, \u00a7 55-142.10; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Clerk” means a clerk of the circuit court.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:\n\n1\n\nInscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and2\n\nEligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Electronic document” means a document received by the clerk in electronic form.\n\t\t\t“Electronic notarization” means an official act by a notary public in accordance with the Virginia Notary Act (§ 47.1-1 et seq.) and § 55.1-618 with respect to an electronic document.\n\t\t\t“Electronic signature,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.\n\t\t\t“eRecording System” is the automated electronic recording system implemented by the clerk for the recordation of electronic documents among the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Filer” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity that files an electronic document among the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Land records document” means any writing authorized by law to be recorded, whether made on paper or in electronic format, that the clerk records affecting title to real property.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":241237,"text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Clerk” means a clerk of the circuit court.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":241238,"text":"Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":241239,"text":"Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Electronic document” means a document received by the clerk in electronic form.\n\t\t\t“Electronic notarization” means an official act by a notary public in accordance with the Virginia Notary Act (§ 47.1-1 et seq.) and § 55.1-618 with respect to an electronic document.\n\t\t\t“Electronic signature,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.\n\t\t\t“eRecording System” is the automated electronic recording system implemented by the clerk for the recordation of electronic documents among the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Filer” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity that files an electronic document among the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Land records document” means any writing authorized by law to be recorded, whether made on paper or in electronic format, that the clerk records affecting title to real property.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15075,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13525,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:02","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:02","permalink":{"id":245719,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15075,"identifier":"8","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8","url":"\/55.1\/II\/6\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13525,"edition_id":1,"name":"Recordation of Documents","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13524,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:07","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:07","permalink":{"id":245459,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13525,"identifier":"6","token":"55.1\/II\/6","url":"\/55.1\/II\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13524,"edition_id":1,"name":"Real Estate Settlements and Recordation","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12707,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:07","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:07","permalink":{"id":245369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13524,"identifier":"II","token":"55.1\/II","url":"\/55.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12707,"edition_id":1,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":244769,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12707,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66472,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-661","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/55.1-661\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-661","metadata":false},{"id":76172,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-662","catch_line":"Validity of electronically filed and recorded land records","url":"\/55.1-662\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-662","metadata":false},{"id":57484,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-663","catch_line":"Recording of electronic documents among the land records","url":"\/55.1-663\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-663","metadata":false},{"id":61750,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-664","catch_line":"Uniform standards","url":"\/55.1-664\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-664","metadata":false},{"id":63191,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-665","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/55.1-665\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-665","metadata":false},{"id":58968,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-666","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/55.1-666\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-666","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":76172,"structure_id":15075,"section_number":"55.1-662","catch_line":"Validity of electronically filed and recorded land records","url":"\/55.1-662\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-662","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-661\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2006. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 745<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":78488,"section_number":"17.1-223","catch_line":"Duty of clerk to record writings, etc., and make index","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-223\/"},{"id":78198,"section_number":"17.1-258.3:1","catch_line":"Electronic filing of land records; paper form","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-258.3_1\/"},{"id":63862,"section_number":"17.1-295","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-295\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":58694,"section_number":"47.1-1","catch_line":"Short title","order_by":null,"url":"\/47.1-1\/"},{"id":86563,"section_number":"55.1-618","catch_line":"What person taking acknowledgment shall certify","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-618\/"},{"id":60668,"section_number":"59.1-479","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-479\/"}],"permalink":{"id":245721,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66472,"identifier":"55.1-661","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-661","url":"\/55.1-661\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-661\/","token":"55.1\/II\/6\/8\/55.1-661","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-661","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Clerk<\/span>” means a clerk<\/span> of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span>.\n\t\t“Document<\/span>” means information that is:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479<\/a> et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Electronic document<\/span>” means a document received by the clerk<\/span> in electronic form.\n\t\t\t“Electronic notarization<\/span>” means an official act by a notary public in accordance with the Virginia Notary Act (§ 47.1-1<\/a> et seq.) and § 55.1-618<\/a> with respect to an electronic document<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Electronic signature,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479<\/a> et seq.), means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent<\/span> to sign the record.\n\t\t\t“eRecording System” is the automated electronic recording system implemented by the clerk<\/span> for the recordation of electronic documents<\/span> among the land records maintained by the clerk<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Filer<\/span>” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity that files an electronic document<\/span> among the land records maintained by the clerk<\/span>.\n\t\t\t“Land records document<\/span>” means any writing authorized by law<\/span> to be recorded, whether made on paper or in electronic format, that the clerk<\/span> records affecting title to real property. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 55.1-661)\n\nAs used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\t\t“Clerk” means a clerk of the circuit court.\n\t\t“Document” means information that is:\n\n1. Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other\nmedium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and\n\n2. Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Electronic,” as defined in Uniform Electronic Transactions Act\n(§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical,\ndigital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\t\t\t“Electronic document” means a document received by the clerk in\nelectronic form.\n\t\t\t“Electronic notarization” means an official act by a notary\npublic in accordance with the Virginia Notary Act (§ 47.1-1 et seq.) and\n§ 55.1-618 with respect to an electronic document.\n\t\t\t“Electronic signature,” as defined in the Uniform Electronic\nTransactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means an electronic sound, symbol,\nor process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or\nadopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.\n\t\t\t“eRecording System” is the automated electronic recording system\nimplemented by the clerk for the recordation of electronic documents among the\nland records maintained by the clerk.\n\t\t\t“Filer” means an individual, corporation, business trust,\nestate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint\nventure, public body, public corporation, government, or governmental\nsubdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity\nthat files an electronic document among the land records maintained by the\nclerk.\n\t\t\t“Land records document” means any writing authorized by law to\nbe recorded, whether made on paper or in electronic format, that the clerk\nrecords affecting title to real property.\n\nHISTORY: 2006, c. 745, \u00a7 55-142.10; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}