{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/56-231.46.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/56-231.46.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/56-231.46.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/56-231.46.html"}],"law_id":60554,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60554,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.46","catch_line":"Members","history":"1999, c. 874.","full_text":"A\n\nA cooperative may have one or more classes of members. If the cooperative has more than one class of members, the designation of each class and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the bylaws of the cooperative.B\n\nSuch cooperative shall issue to its members nontransferable certificates of membership. Members shall be entitled to vote in accordance with the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, the bylaws. The liability of each member shall be limited to the unpaid portion of its membership fee or subscription to capital stock and its contractual obligations to the cooperative. The equity of members of a nonstock cooperative shall be in proportion to the patronage capital paid such cooperative.C\n\nNo person shall become or remain a member unless it has complied with the terms and conditions of membership contained in the bylaws of the cooperative.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":221355,"text":"A cooperative may have one or more classes of members. If the cooperative has more than one class of members, the designation of each class and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the bylaws of the cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":221356,"text":"Such cooperative shall issue to its members nontransferable certificates of membership. Members shall be entitled to vote in accordance with the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, the bylaws. The liability of each member shall be limited to the unpaid portion of its membership fee or subscription to capital stock and its contractual obligations to the cooperative. The equity of members of a nonstock cooperative shall be in proportion to the patronage capital paid such cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":221357,"text":"No person shall become or remain a member unless it has complied with the terms and conditions of membership contained in the bylaws of the cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13183,"edition_id":1,"name":"Utility Aggregation Cooperatives Act","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13182,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:24","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:24","permalink":{"id":251431,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13183,"identifier":"2","token":"56\/9.1\/2","url":"\/56\/9.1\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13182,"edition_id":1,"name":"Utility Consumer Services Cooperatives and Utility Aggregation Cooperatives","identifier":"9.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12881,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:24","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:24","permalink":{"id":251323,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13182,"identifier":"9.1","token":"56\/9.1","url":"\/56\/9.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12881,"edition_id":1,"name":"Public Service Companies","identifier":"56","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","permalink":{"id":248473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12881,"identifier":"56","token":"56","url":"\/56\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66888,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.38","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/56-231.38\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.38","metadata":false},{"id":87060,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.39","catch_line":"Organization and purpose","url":"\/56-231.39\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.39","metadata":false},{"id":81119,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.40","catch_line":"Names","url":"\/56-231.40\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.40","metadata":false},{"id":72635,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.41","catch_line":"Articles of incorporation","url":"\/56-231.41\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.41","metadata":false},{"id":84810,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.42","catch_line":"Bylaws","url":"\/56-231.42\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.42","metadata":false},{"id":87202,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.43","catch_line":"Powers","url":"\/56-231.43\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.43","metadata":false},{"id":84311,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.44","catch_line":"Board of directors","url":"\/56-231.44\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.44","metadata":false},{"id":64249,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.45","catch_line":"Officers","url":"\/56-231.45\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.45","metadata":false},{"id":60554,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.46","catch_line":"Members","url":"\/56-231.46\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.46","metadata":false},{"id":66528,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.47","catch_line":"Adoption of article","url":"\/56-231.47\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.47","metadata":false},{"id":81005,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.48","catch_line":"Applicability of other laws","url":"\/56-231.48\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.48","metadata":false},{"id":55354,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.49","catch_line":"Restructuring costs","url":"\/56-231.49\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.49","metadata":false},{"id":77460,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.50","catch_line":"Regulation by State Corporation Commission","url":"\/56-231.50\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.50","metadata":false},{"id":62015,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.50:1","catch_line":"Separation of regulated and unregulated businesses","url":"\/56-231.50_1\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.50_1","metadata":false},{"id":54197,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.50:2","catch_line":"Right of action; violation of rules or regulations","url":"\/56-231.50_2\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.50_2","metadata":false},{"id":60306,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.51","catch_line":"Construction of article and conflicting laws","url":"\/56-231.51\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.51","metadata":false},{"id":80704,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.52","catch_line":"Citation to article","url":"\/56-231.52\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.52","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64249,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.45","catch_line":"Officers","url":"\/56-231.45\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.45","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":66528,"structure_id":13183,"section_number":"56-231.47","catch_line":"Adoption of article","url":"\/56-231.47\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.47","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/56-231.46\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1999. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 874<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":251465,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60554,"identifier":"56-231.46","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.46","url":"\/56-231.46\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/56-231.46\/","token":"56\/9.1\/2\/56-231.46","dublin_core":{"Title":"Members","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 56-231.46","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A cooperative<\/span> may have one or more classes of members<\/span>. If the cooperative<\/span> has more than one class of members<\/span>, the designation of each class and the qualifications and rights of the members<\/span> of each class shall be set forth in the bylaws of the cooperative<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Such cooperative<\/span> shall issue<\/span> to its members<\/span> nontransferable certificates of membership. Members<\/span> shall be entitled to vote in accordance with the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, the bylaws. The liability of each member<\/span> shall be limited to the unpaid portion of its membership fee or subscription to capital stock and its contractual obligations<\/span> to the cooperative<\/span>. The equity<\/span> of members<\/span> of a nonstock cooperative<\/span> shall be in proportion to the patronage capital<\/span> paid such cooperative<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> No person<\/span> shall become or remain a member<\/span> unless it has complied with the terms and conditions of membership contained in the bylaws of the cooperative<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMEMBERS (\u00a7 56-231.46)\n\nA. A cooperative may have one or more classes of members. If the cooperative has\nmore than one class of members, the designation of each class and the\nqualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the\nbylaws of the cooperative.\n\nB. Such cooperative shall issue to its members nontransferable certificates of\nmembership. Members shall be entitled to vote in accordance with the articles of\nincorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, the bylaws. The\nliability of each member shall be limited to the unpaid portion of its\nmembership fee or subscription to capital stock and its contractual obligations\nto the cooperative. The equity of members of a nonstock cooperative shall be in\nproportion to the patronage capital paid such cooperative.\n\nC. No person shall become or remain a member unless it has complied with the\nterms and conditions of membership contained in the bylaws of the cooperative.\n\nHISTORY: 1999, c. 874.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}