{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/56-441.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/56-441.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/56-441.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/56-441.html"}],"law_id":75353,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75353,"structure_id":16704,"section_number":"56-441","catch_line":"Liability for injury to employee","history":"1926, p. 853; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 4019a.","full_text":"Every corporation operating a railroad in this Commonwealth, whether such corporation be created under the laws of this Commonwealth or otherwise, shall be liable in damages for any and all injury sustained by any employee of such corporation under the following circumstances:\n\n1\n\nWhen such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of an agent or officer of such corporation superior to the employee injured, or of a person employed by such corporation having the right to control or direct the services of such employee injured, or the services of the employee by whom he is injured; and2\n\nWhen such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of a coemployee engaged in another department of labor from that of the employee injured or of a coemployee (notwithstanding the fact that the party injured had the right to direct the services of the coemployee) in the performance of any duty on or about the same or another train of cars, or on or about an engine, or of a coemployee who has charge of any switch, signal point or locomotive engine, or who is charged with dispatching trains or transmitting telegraphic or telephonic orders.\n\t\t\tWhen it shall appear in the evidence at the trial of any action for damages that the accident occurred while the employee was working on an engine or on a car standing upon a track it shall be no defense to such action for the defendant railroad to show that such engine or car was guarded by a derailer or a blue flag or in any other manner. Knowledge by any employee injured of the defective or unsafe character or condition of any machinery, ways, appliances or structures of such corporation shall not of itself be a bar to recovery for any injury or death caused thereby.\n\t\t\tWhen death, whether instantaneous or otherwise, results from any injury to any employee of such corporation received as aforesaid, the personal representatives of such employee shall have a right of action therefor against such corporation and may recover damages in respect thereof.\n\t\t\tAny contract or agreement, express or implied, made by any such employee to waive the benefit of this section or any part thereof shall be null and void, and this section shall not be construed to deprive any such employee or his personal representative of any right or remedy to which he is now entitled under the laws of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t\tThe provisions of this section shall always be so restricted in their application as not to conflict with any of the provisions of the Constitution or laws of the United States and as if necessary limitation upon their interpretation had been herein expressed in each case.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":270497,"text":"Every corporation operating a railroad in this Commonwealth, whether such corporation be created under the laws of this Commonwealth or otherwise, shall be liable in damages for any and all injury sustained by any employee of such corporation under the following circumstances:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":270498,"text":"When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of an agent or officer of such corporation superior to the employee injured, or of a person employed by such corporation having the right to control or direct the services of such employee injured, or the services of the employee by whom he is injured; and","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":270499,"text":"When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of a coemployee engaged in another department of labor from that of the employee injured or of a coemployee (notwithstanding the fact that the party injured had the right to direct the services of the coemployee) in the performance of any duty on or about the same or another train of cars, or on or about an engine, or of a coemployee who has charge of any switch, signal point or locomotive engine, or who is charged with dispatching trains or transmitting telegraphic or telephonic orders.\n\t\t\tWhen it shall appear in the evidence at the trial of any action for damages that the accident occurred while the employee was working on an engine or on a car standing upon a track it shall be no defense to such action for the defendant railroad to show that such engine or car was guarded by a derailer or a blue flag or in any other manner. Knowledge by any employee injured of the defective or unsafe character or condition of any machinery, ways, appliances or structures of such corporation shall not of itself be a bar to recovery for any injury or death caused thereby.\n\t\t\tWhen death, whether instantaneous or otherwise, results from any injury to any employee of such corporation received as aforesaid, the personal representatives of such employee shall have a right of action therefor against such corporation and may recover damages in respect thereof.\n\t\t\tAny contract or agreement, express or implied, made by any such employee to waive the benefit of this section or any part thereof shall be null and void, and this section shall not be construed to deprive any such employee or his personal representative of any right or remedy to which he is now entitled under the laws of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t\tThe provisions of this section shall always be so restricted in their application as not to conflict with any of the provisions of the Constitution or laws of the United States and as if necessary limitation upon their interpretation had been herein expressed in each case.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16704,"edition_id":1,"name":"Liability to Employees","identifier":"9","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12995,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:34:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:34:05","permalink":{"id":249801,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16704,"identifier":"9","token":"56\/13\/9","url":"\/56\/13\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12995,"edition_id":1,"name":"Railroad Corporations","identifier":"13","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12881,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","permalink":{"id":249439,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12995,"identifier":"13","token":"56\/13","url":"\/56\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12881,"edition_id":1,"name":"Public Service Companies","identifier":"56","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:58","permalink":{"id":248473,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12881,"identifier":"56","token":"56","url":"\/56\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75353,"structure_id":16704,"section_number":"56-441","catch_line":"Liability for injury to employee","url":"\/56-441\/","token":"56\/13\/9\/56-441","metadata":false}],"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/56-441\/","history_text":false,"references":[{"id":59551,"section_number":"65.2-101","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/65.2-101\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":249803,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75353,"identifier":"56-441","token":"56\/13\/9\/56-441","url":"\/56-441\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/56-441\/","token":"56\/13\/9\/56-441","dublin_core":{"Title":"Liability for injury to employee","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 56-441","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Every corporation<\/span> operating a railroad<\/span> in this Commonwealth, whether such corporation<\/span> be created under the laws<\/span> of this Commonwealth or otherwise, shall be liable in damages<\/span> for any and all injury sustained by any employee of such corporation<\/span> under the following circumstances:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default<\/span> of an agent or officer of such corporation<\/span> superior to the employee injured, or of a person<\/span> employed by such corporation<\/span> having the right to control or direct the services of such employee injured, or the services of the employee by whom he is injured; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default<\/span> of a coemployee engaged in another department of labor from that of the employee injured or of a coemployee (notwithstanding the fact<\/span> that the party<\/span> injured had the right to direct the services of the coemployee) in the performance of any duty on or about the same or another train of cars, or on or about an engine, or of a coemployee who has charge of any switch, signal point or locomotive engine, or who is charged with dispatching trains or transmitting telegraphic or telephonic orders<\/span>.\n\t\t\tWhen it shall appear in the evidence<\/span> at the trial<\/span> of any action for damages<\/span> that the accident occurred while the employee was working on an engine or on a car standing upon a track it shall be no defense to such action for the defendant<\/span> railroad<\/span> to show that such engine or car was guarded by a derailer or a blue flag or in any other manner. Knowledge by any employee injured of the defective or unsafe character or condition of any machinery, ways, appliances or structures of such corporation<\/span> shall not of itself be a bar to recovery for any injury or death caused thereby.\n\t\t\tWhen death, whether instantaneous or otherwise, results from any injury to any employee of such corporation<\/span> received as aforesaid, the personal representatives of such employee shall have a right of action therefor against such corporation<\/span> and may recover damages<\/span> in respect thereof.\n\t\t\tAny contract<\/span> or agreement, express or implied, made by any such employee to waive<\/span> the benefit of this section or any part thereof shall be null and void, and this section shall not be construed to deprive any such employee or his personal representative of any right or remedy to which he is now entitled under the laws<\/span> of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t\tThe provisions of this section shall always be so restricted in their application as not to conflict with any of the provisions of the Constitution or laws<\/span> of the United States and as if necessary limitation upon their interpretation had been herein expressed in each case. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIABILITY FOR INJURY TO EMPLOYEE (\u00a7 56-441)\n\nEvery corporation operating a railroad in this Commonwealth, whether such\ncorporation be created under the laws of this Commonwealth or otherwise, shall\nbe liable in damages for any and all injury sustained by any employee of such\ncorporation under the following circumstances:\n\n1. When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of an\nagent or officer of such corporation superior to the employee injured, or of a\nperson employed by such corporation having the right to control or direct the\nservices of such employee injured, or the services of the employee by whom he is\ninjured; and\n\n2. When such injury results from the wrongful act, neglect or default of a\ncoemployee engaged in another department of labor from that of the employee\ninjured or of a coemployee (notwithstanding the fact that the party injured had\nthe right to direct the services of the coemployee) in the performance of any\nduty on or about the same or another train of cars, or on or about an engine, or\nof a coemployee who has charge of any switch, signal point or locomotive engine,\nor who is charged with dispatching trains or transmitting telegraphic or\ntelephonic orders.\n\t\t\tWhen it shall appear in the evidence at the trial of any action for damages\nthat the accident occurred while the employee was working on an engine or on a\ncar standing upon a track it shall be no defense to such action for the\ndefendant railroad to show that such engine or car was guarded by a derailer or\na blue flag or in any other manner. Knowledge by any employee injured of the\ndefective or unsafe character or condition of any machinery, ways, appliances or\nstructures of such corporation shall not of itself be a bar to recovery for any\ninjury or death caused thereby.\n\t\t\tWhen death, whether instantaneous or otherwise, results from any injury to\nany employee of such corporation received as aforesaid, the personal\nrepresentatives of such employee shall have a right of action therefor against\nsuch corporation and may recover damages in respect thereof.\n\t\t\tAny contract or agreement, express or implied, made by any such employee to\nwaive the benefit of this section or any part thereof shall be null and void,\nand this section shall not be construed to deprive any such employee or his\npersonal representative of any right or remedy to which he is now entitled under\nthe laws of this Commonwealth.\n\t\t\tThe provisions of this section shall always be so restricted in their\napplication as not to conflict with any of the provisions of the Constitution or\nlaws of the United States and as if necessary limitation upon their\ninterpretation had been herein expressed in each case.\n\nHISTORY: 1926, p. 853; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 4019a.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}