{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-155.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-155.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-155.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-155.1.html"}],"law_id":85974,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85974,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-155.1","catch_line":"Engine coolant and antifreeze bittering agent; penalty","history":"2009, c. 681.","full_text":"A\n\nAny engine coolant or antifreeze manufactured after January 1, 2011, and sold within the Commonwealth that contains more than 10 percent ethylene glycol shall include not less than 30 parts per million and not more than 50 parts per million denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent in order to render the coolant or antifreeze unpalatable.B\n\nA manufacturer, processor, distributor, recycler or seller of an engine coolant or antifreeze that is required to contain an aversive agent under subsection A shall not be liable to any person for any personal injury, death, property damage, damage to the environment (including natural resources), or economic loss that results from the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze, provided that the inclusion of denatonium benzoate is present in concentrations mandated by subsection A. The limitation on liability does not apply to a particular liability to the extent that the cause of such liability is unrelated to the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze.C\n\nThe provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) the sale of a motor vehicle that contains engine coolant or antifreeze, (ii) a wholesale container of engine coolant or antifreeze designed to contain 55 gallons or more of engine coolant or antifreeze, or (iii) engine coolant or antifreeze reformulated through on site recycling.D\n\nAny person violating any provision of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to $100 per violation. Each day of violation shall constitute a separate offense.E\n\nThis section shall not apply to engine coolant or antifreeze that is purchased pursuant to military specifications.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":307930,"text":"Any engine coolant or antifreeze manufactured after January 1, 2011, and sold within the Commonwealth that contains more than 10 percent ethylene glycol shall include not less than 30 parts per million and not more than 50 parts per million denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent in order to render the coolant or antifreeze unpalatable.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":307931,"text":"A manufacturer, processor, distributor, recycler or seller of an engine coolant or antifreeze that is required to contain an aversive agent under subsection A shall not be liable to any person for any personal injury, death, property damage, damage to the environment (including natural resources), or economic loss that results from the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze, provided that the inclusion of denatonium benzoate is present in concentrations mandated by subsection A. The limitation on liability does not apply to a particular liability to the extent that the cause of such liability is unrelated to the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":307932,"text":"The provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) the sale of a motor vehicle that contains engine coolant or antifreeze, (ii) a wholesale container of engine coolant or antifreeze designed to contain 55 gallons or more of engine coolant or antifreeze, or (iii) engine coolant or antifreeze reformulated through on site recycling.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":307933,"text":"Any person violating any provision of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to $100 per violation. Each day of violation shall constitute a separate offense.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":307934,"text":"This section shall not apply to engine coolant or antifreeze that is purchased pursuant to military specifications.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14471,"edition_id":1,"name":"Motor Fuels and Lubricating Oils","identifier":"12","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:15","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:15","permalink":{"id":259645,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14471,"identifier":"12","token":"59.1\/12","url":"\/59.1\/12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75950,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-149","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-149\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-149","metadata":false},{"id":86260,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-150","catch_line":"Motor fuel subject to inspection and testing","url":"\/59.1-150\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-150","metadata":false},{"id":66305,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-151","catch_line":"Statements to be filed by manufacturers, wholesalers and jobbers","url":"\/59.1-151\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-151","metadata":false},{"id":75461,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-152","catch_line":"Collection and analysis of samples","url":"\/59.1-152\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-152","metadata":false},{"id":61395,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-153","catch_line":"Methods of making inspection","url":"\/59.1-153\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-153","metadata":false},{"id":58289,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-154","catch_line":"Inspection and testing under supervision of Commissioner","url":"\/59.1-154\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-154","metadata":false},{"id":73561,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-155","catch_line":"Prohibiting sale of defective motor fuel","url":"\/59.1-155\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-155","metadata":false},{"id":85974,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-155.1","catch_line":"Engine coolant and antifreeze bittering agent; penalty","url":"\/59.1-155.1\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-155.1","metadata":false},{"id":79968,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-156","catch_line":"Rules and regulations","url":"\/59.1-156\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-156","metadata":false},{"id":84042,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-157","catch_line":"Complaints to Commissioner","url":"\/59.1-157\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-157","metadata":false},{"id":63118,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-158","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-158\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-158","metadata":false},{"id":63657,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-162","catch_line":"Cooperation by state agencies","url":"\/59.1-162\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-162","metadata":false},{"id":67890,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-162.1","catch_line":"Direct fueling of commercial vehicles authorized; conditions","url":"\/59.1-162.1\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-162.1","metadata":false},{"id":55854,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-163","catch_line":"Penalty for violation","url":"\/59.1-163\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-163","metadata":false},{"id":65003,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-164","catch_line":"Duty of attorney for the Commonwealth","url":"\/59.1-164\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-164","metadata":false},{"id":77031,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-165","catch_line":"Chemical analysis as evidence","url":"\/59.1-165\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-165","metadata":false},{"id":61351,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-166","catch_line":"Enforcement by Commissioner","url":"\/59.1-166\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-166","metadata":false},{"id":61145,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-167","catch_line":"Conflicting local laws and ordinances prohibited","url":"\/59.1-167\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-167","metadata":false},{"id":80379,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-167.1","catch_line":"Labeling of motor fuels; notification to reseller","url":"\/59.1-167.1\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-167.1","metadata":false},{"id":77338,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-167.2","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/59.1-167.2\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-167.2","metadata":false},{"id":75589,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-167.3","catch_line":"Delegation of authority","url":"\/59.1-167.3\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-167.3","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":73561,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-155","catch_line":"Prohibiting sale of defective motor fuel","url":"\/59.1-155\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-155","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":79968,"structure_id":14471,"section_number":"59.1-156","catch_line":"Rules and regulations","url":"\/59.1-156\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-156","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-155.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2009. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 681<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":259675,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85974,"identifier":"59.1-155.1","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-155.1","url":"\/59.1-155.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-155.1\/","token":"59.1\/12\/59.1-155.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Engine coolant and antifreeze bittering agent; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-155.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any engine coolant or antifreeze manufactured after January 1, 2011, and sold within the Commonwealth that contains more than 10 percent ethylene glycol shall include not less than 30 parts per million and not more than 50 parts per million denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent in order<\/span> to render the coolant or antifreeze unpalatable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A manufacturer, processor, distributor, recycler or seller of an engine coolant or antifreeze that is required to contain an aversive agent under subsection A shall not be liable to any person for any personal injury, death, property damage, damage to the environment (including natural resources), or economic loss that results from the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze, provided that the inclusion of denatonium benzoate is present in concentrations mandated by subsection A. The limitation on liability does not apply to a particular liability to the extent that the cause of such liability is unrelated to the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any engine coolant or antifreeze. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) the sale of a motor vehicle that contains engine coolant or antifreeze, (ii) a wholesale container of engine coolant or antifreeze designed to contain 55 gallons or more of engine coolant or antifreeze, or (iii) engine coolant or antifreeze reformulated through on site recycling. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Any person violating any provision of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty<\/span> of up to $100 per violation. Each day of violation shall constitute a separate offense<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> This section shall not apply to engine coolant or antifreeze that is purchased pursuant to military specifications. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENGINE COOLANT AND ANTIFREEZE BITTERING AGENT; PENALTY (\u00a7 59.1-155.1)\n\nA. Any engine coolant or antifreeze manufactured after January 1, 2011, and sold\nwithin the Commonwealth that contains more than 10 percent ethylene glycol shall\ninclude not less than 30 parts per million and not more than 50 parts per\nmillion denatonium benzoate as a bittering agent in order to render the coolant\nor antifreeze unpalatable.\n\nB. A manufacturer, processor, distributor, recycler or seller of an engine\ncoolant or antifreeze that is required to contain an aversive agent under\nsubsection A shall not be liable to any person for any personal injury, death,\nproperty damage, damage to the environment (including natural resources), or\neconomic loss that results from the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any\nengine coolant or antifreeze, provided that the inclusion of denatonium benzoate\nis present in concentrations mandated by subsection A. The limitation on\nliability does not apply to a particular liability to the extent that the cause\nof such liability is unrelated to the inclusion of denatonium benzoate in any\nengine coolant or antifreeze.\n\nC. The provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) the sale of a motor\nvehicle that contains engine coolant or antifreeze, (ii) a wholesale container\nof engine coolant or antifreeze designed to contain 55 gallons or more of engine\ncoolant or antifreeze, or (iii) engine coolant or antifreeze reformulated\nthrough on site recycling.\n\nD. Any person violating any provision of this section shall be assessed a civil\npenalty of up to $100 per violation. Each day of violation shall constitute a\nseparate offense.\n\nE. This section shall not apply to engine coolant or antifreeze that is\npurchased pursuant to military specifications.\n\nHISTORY: 2009, c. 681.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}