{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-199.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-199.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-199.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-199.html"}],"law_id":69020,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69020,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","history":"1977, c. 635; 1987, c. 464; 1994, c. 400; 1995, c. 703; 1996, cc. 61, 77, 179; 1999, c. 494; 2000, cc. 691, 706; 2023, c. 452; 2024, cc. 328, 362.","full_text":"Nothing in this chapter shall apply to:\n\n1\n\nAny aspect of a consumer transaction which aspect is authorized under laws or regulations of the Commonwealth or the United States, or the formal advisory opinions of any regulatory body or official of the Commonwealth or the United States.2\n\nActs done by the publisher, owner, agent, or employee of a newspaper, periodical, or radio or television station, or other advertising media such as outdoor advertising and advertising agencies, in the publication or dissemination of an advertisement in violation of § 59.1-200, unless it be proved that such person knew that the advertisement was of a character prohibited by § 59.1-200.3\n\nThose aspects of a consumer transaction that are regulated by the Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.4\n\nBanks, savings institutions, credit unions, small loan companies, public service corporations, mortgage lenders as defined in § 6.2-1600, broker-dealers as defined in § 13.1-501, gas suppliers as defined in subsection E of § 56-235.8, and insurance companies regulated and supervised by the State Corporation Commission or a comparable federal regulating body.5\n\nAny aspect of a consumer transaction that is subject to the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, unless the act or practice of a landlord constitutes a misrepresentation or fraudulent act or practice under § 59.1-200.6\n\nReal estate licensees who are licensed under Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.) of Title 54.1, unless the act or practice of the licensee constitutes a violation of law under the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200 et seq.).7\n\nResidential home sales between natural persons involving the seller’s private residence.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":249821,"text":"Nothing in this chapter shall apply to:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":249822,"text":"Any aspect of a consumer transaction which aspect is authorized under laws or regulations of the Commonwealth or the United States, or the formal advisory opinions of any regulatory body or official of the Commonwealth or the United States.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":249823,"text":"Acts done by the publisher, owner, agent, or employee of a newspaper, periodical, or radio or television station, or other advertising media such as outdoor advertising and advertising agencies, in the publication or dissemination of an advertisement in violation of § 59.1-200, unless it be proved that such person knew that the advertisement was of a character prohibited by § 59.1-200.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":249824,"text":"Those aspects of a consumer transaction that are regulated by the Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":249825,"text":"Banks, savings institutions, credit unions, small loan companies, public service corporations, mortgage lenders as defined in § 6.2-1600, broker-dealers as defined in § 13.1-501, gas suppliers as defined in subsection E of § 56-235.8, and insurance companies regulated and supervised by the State Corporation Commission or a comparable federal regulating body.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":249826,"text":"Any aspect of a consumer transaction that is subject to the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, unless the act or practice of a landlord constitutes a misrepresentation or fraudulent act or practice under § 59.1-200.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":249827,"text":"Real estate licensees who are licensed under Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.) of Title 54.1, unless the act or practice of the licensee constitutes a violation of law under the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":249828,"text":"Residential home sales between natural persons involving the seller’s private residence.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13706,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Consumer Protection Act","identifier":"17","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:36","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:36","permalink":{"id":259775,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13706,"identifier":"17","token":"59.1\/17","url":"\/59.1\/17\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":56198,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-196\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-196","metadata":false},{"id":73728,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-197","catch_line":"Intent","url":"\/59.1-197\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-197","metadata":false},{"id":70121,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-198","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-198\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-198","metadata":false},{"id":69020,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/59.1-199\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","metadata":false},{"id":82977,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","url":"\/59.1-200\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","metadata":false},{"id":63532,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200.1","catch_line":"Prohibited practices; foreclosure rescue","url":"\/59.1-200.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200.1","metadata":false},{"id":72568,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-201","catch_line":"Civil investigative orders","url":"\/59.1-201\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201","metadata":false},{"id":80041,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-201.1","catch_line":"Attorney General empowered to issue civil investigative demands","url":"\/59.1-201.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201.1","metadata":false},{"id":54689,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-202","catch_line":"Assurances of voluntary compliance","url":"\/59.1-202\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-202","metadata":false},{"id":58087,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-203","catch_line":"Restraining prohibited acts","url":"\/59.1-203\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-203","metadata":false},{"id":78713,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-204","catch_line":"Individual action for damages or penalty","url":"\/59.1-204\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204","metadata":false},{"id":64214,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-204.1","catch_line":"Tolling of limitation","url":"\/59.1-204.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204.1","metadata":false},{"id":64777,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-205","catch_line":"Additional relief","url":"\/59.1-205\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-205","metadata":false},{"id":83374,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-206","catch_line":"Civil penalties; attorney fees","url":"\/59.1-206\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-206","metadata":false},{"id":85255,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-207","catch_line":"Unintentional violations","url":"\/59.1-207\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70121,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-198","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-198\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-198","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":82977,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","url":"\/59.1-200\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-199\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1977. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 635 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1977 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1987, chapter 464; in 1994, chapter 400<\/a>; in 1995, chapter 703<\/a>; in 1996, chapters 61<\/a>, 77<\/a>, and 179<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 494<\/a>; in 2000, chapters 691<\/a> and 706<\/a>; in 2023, chapter 452<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 328<\/a> and 362<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":63154,"section_number":"6.2-2620","catch_line":"Investigating and restraining prohibited acts","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-2620\/"},{"id":60246,"section_number":"6.2-2621","catch_line":"Violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-2621\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":75080,"section_number":"13.1-501","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-501\/"},{"id":74059,"section_number":"54.1-2100","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2100\/"},{"id":61413,"section_number":"55.1-1200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1200\/"},{"id":75454,"section_number":"55.1-1400","catch_line":"Applicability; right to terminate tenant","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1400\/"},{"id":69636,"section_number":"55.1-3200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-3200\/"},{"id":78685,"section_number":"56-235.8","catch_line":"Retail supply choice for natural gas customers","order_by":null,"url":"\/56-235.8\/"},{"id":82977,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-200\/"},{"id":71155,"section_number":"6.2-1600","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-1600\/"}],"permalink":{"id":259789,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69020,"identifier":"59.1-199","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","url":"\/59.1-199\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-199\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","dublin_core":{"Title":"Exclusions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-199","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Nothing in this chapter shall apply to:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Any aspect of a consumer transaction which aspect is authorized under laws<\/span> or regulations of the Commonwealth or the United States, or the formal advisory opinions<\/span> of any regulatory body or official of the Commonwealth or the United States. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Acts done by the publisher, owner, agent, or employee of a newspaper, periodical, or radio or television station, or other advertising media such as outdoor advertising and advertising agencies, in the publication or dissemination of an advertisement in violation of § 59.1-200<\/a>, unless it be proved that such person<\/span> knew that the advertisement was of a character prohibited by § 59.1-200<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Those aspects of a consumer transaction that are regulated by the Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Banks, savings institutions, credit unions, small loan companies, public service corporations, mortgage lenders as defined in § 6.2-1600<\/a>, broker-dealers as defined in § 13.1-501<\/a>, gas suppliers<\/span> as defined in subsection E of § 56-235.8<\/a>, and insurance companies regulated and supervised by the State Corporation Commission or a comparable federal regulating body. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Any aspect of a consumer transaction that is subject to the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (§ 55.1-1200<\/a> et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400<\/a> et seq.) of Title 55.1, unless the act or practice of a landlord constitutes a misrepresentation or fraudulent act or practice under § 59.1-200<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Real estate licensees who are licensed under Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, unless the act or practice of the licensee constitutes a violation of law<\/span> under the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Residential home sales between natural persons<\/span> involving the seller’s private residence. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXCLUSIONS (\u00a7 59.1-199)\n\nNothing in this chapter shall apply to:\n\n1. Any aspect of a consumer transaction which aspect is authorized under laws or\nregulations of the Commonwealth or the United States, or the formal advisory\nopinions of any regulatory body or official of the Commonwealth or the United\nStates.\n\n2. Acts done by the publisher, owner, agent, or employee of a newspaper,\nperiodical, or radio or television station, or other advertising media such as\noutdoor advertising and advertising agencies, in the publication or\ndissemination of an advertisement in violation of § 59.1-200, unless it be\nproved that such person knew that the advertisement was of a character\nprohibited by § 59.1-200.\n\n3. Those aspects of a consumer transaction that are regulated by the Federal\nConsumer Credit Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.\n\n4. Banks, savings institutions, credit unions, small loan companies, public\nservice corporations, mortgage lenders as defined in § 6.2-1600,\nbroker-dealers as defined in § 13.1-501, gas suppliers as defined in\nsubsection E of § 56-235.8, and insurance companies regulated and\nsupervised by the State Corporation Commission or a comparable federal\nregulating body.\n\n5. Any aspect of a consumer transaction that is subject to the Virginia\nResidential Landlord and Tenant Act (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or Chapter 14\n(§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, unless the act or practice of a\nlandlord constitutes a misrepresentation or fraudulent act or practice under\n§ 59.1-200.\n\n6. Real estate licensees who are licensed under Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et\nseq.) of Title 54.1, unless the act or practice of the licensee constitutes a\nviolation of law under the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§\n55.1-3200 et seq.).\n\n7. Residential home sales between natural persons involving the seller’s\nprivate residence.\n\nHISTORY: 1977, c. 635; 1987, c. 464; 1994, c. 400; 1995, c. 703; 1996, cc. 61,\n77, 179; 1999, c. 494; 2000, cc. 691, 706; 2023, c. 452; 2024, cc. 328, 362.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}