{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-200.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-200.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-200.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-200.html"}],"law_id":82977,"edition_id":1,"section_id":82977,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","history":"1977, c. 635; 1979, c. 304; 1981, c. 205; 1983, c. 173; 1986, c. 432; 1987, cc. 462 to 464; 1988, cc. 24, 534; 1989, cc. 689, 703; 1990, c. 584; 1991, cc. 300, 605, 608, 630, 654; 1992, cc. 278, 545, 768; 1993, cc. 455, 760; 1994, cc. 261, 400, 655; 1995, c. 10; 1998, c. 848; 2000, cc. 880, 901; 2002, cc. 217, 897; 2003, cc. 800, 1003; 2004, cc. 784, 790, 798, 817; 2005, cc. 269, 303, 640, 861; 2006, c. 399; 2008, cc. 294, 791, 842; 2009, cc. 321, 359, 376, 699, 700; 2010, cc. 477, 713; 2011, c. 615; 2014, cc. 396, 459; 2016, c. 591; 2017, cc. 11, 16, 727; 2018, cc. 299, 704; 2019, cc. 291, 292, 521; 2020, cc. 412, 438, 481, 785, 1198, 1215, 1250, 1258; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 485; 2022, cc. 351, 557; 2022, Sp. Sess. I, c. 2; 2023, cc. 304, 305, 439, 596, 688, 740, 744, 773, 794; 2023, Sp. Sess. I, c. 1; 2024, cc. 328, 362, 452, 476, 549, 747, 751, 793, 828; 2025, cc. 251, 342, 591, 685, 686, 692.","full_text":"A\n\nThe following fraudulent acts or practices committed by a supplier in connection with a consumer transaction are hereby declared unlawful:1\n\nMisrepresenting goods or services as those of another;2\n\nMisrepresenting the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods or services;3\n\nMisrepresenting the affiliation, connection, or association of the supplier, or of the goods or services, with another;4\n\nMisrepresenting geographic origin in connection with goods or services;5\n\nMisrepresenting that goods or services have certain quantities, characteristics, ingredients, uses, or benefits;6\n\nMisrepresenting that goods or services are of a particular standard, quality, grade, style, or model;7\n\nAdvertising or offering for sale goods that are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, or reconditioned, or that are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class,” without clearly and unequivocally indicating in the advertisement or offer for sale that the goods are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, reconditioned, or are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class”;8\n\nAdvertising goods or services with intent not to sell them as advertised, or with intent not to sell at the price or upon the terms advertised.\n\t\t\t\tIn any action brought under this subdivision, the refusal by any person, or any employee, agent, or servant thereof, to sell any goods or services advertised or offered for sale at the price or upon the terms advertised or offered, shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this subdivision. This paragraph shall not apply when it is clearly and conspicuously stated in the advertisement or offer by which such goods or services are advertised or offered for sale, that the supplier or offeror has a limited quantity or amount of such goods or services for sale, and the supplier or offeror at the time of such advertisement or offer did in fact have or reasonably expected to have at least such quantity or amount for sale;9\n\nMaking false or misleading statements of fact concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amounts of price reductions;10\n\nMisrepresenting that repairs, alterations, modifications, or services have been performed or parts installed;11\n\nMisrepresenting by the use of any written or documentary material that appears to be an invoice or bill for merchandise or services previously ordered;12\n\nNotwithstanding any other provision of law, using in any manner the words “wholesale,” “wholesaler,” “factory,” or “manufacturer” in the supplier’s name, or to describe the nature of the supplier’s business, unless the supplier is actually engaged primarily in selling at wholesale or in manufacturing the goods or services advertised or offered for sale;13\n\nUsing in any contract or lease any liquidated damage clause, penalty clause, or waiver of defense, or attempting to collect any liquidated damages or penalties under any clause, waiver, damages, or penalties that are void or unenforceable under any otherwise applicable laws of the Commonwealth, or under federal statutes or regulations;\n\t\t\t\t13a. Failing to provide to a consumer, or failing to use or include in any written document or material provided to or executed by a consumer, in connection with a consumer transaction any statement, disclosure, notice, or other information however characterized when the supplier is required by 16 C.F.R. Part 433 to so provide, use, or include the statement, disclosure, notice, or other information in connection with the consumer transaction;14\n\nUsing any other deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, or misrepresentation in connection with a consumer transaction;15\n\nViolating any provision of § 3.2-6509, 3.2-6512, 3.2-6513, 3.2-6513.1, 3.2-6514, 3.2-6515, 3.2-6516, or 3.2-6519 is a violation of this chapter;16\n\nFailing to disclose all conditions, charges, or fees relating to:\n\t\t\t\ta. The return of goods for refund, exchange, or credit. Such disclosure shall be by means of a sign attached to the goods, or placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the person obtaining the goods from the supplier. If the supplier does not permit a refund, exchange, or credit for return, he shall so state on a similar sign. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any retail merchant who has a policy of providing, for a period of not less than 20 days after date of purchase, a cash refund or credit to the purchaser’s credit card account for the return of defective, unused, or undamaged merchandise upon presentation of proof of purchase. In the case of merchandise paid for by check, the purchase shall be treated as a cash purchase and any refund may be delayed for a period of 10 banking days to allow for the check to clear. This subdivision does not apply to sale merchandise that is obviously distressed, out of date, post season, or otherwise reduced for clearance; nor does this subdivision apply to special order purchases where the purchaser has requested the supplier to order merchandise of a specific or unusual size, color, or brand not ordinarily carried in the store or the store’s catalog; nor shall this subdivision apply in connection with a transaction for the sale or lease of motor vehicles, farm tractors, or motorcycles as defined in § 46.2-100;\n\t\t\t\tb. A layaway agreement. Such disclosure shall be furnished to the consumer (i) in writing at the time of the layaway agreement, or (ii) by means of a sign placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the consumer, or (iii) on the bill of sale. Disclosure shall include the conditions, charges, or fees in the event that a consumer breaches the agreement;\n\t\t\t\t16a. Failing to provide written notice to a consumer of an existing open-end credit balance in excess of $5 (i) on an account maintained by the supplier and (ii) resulting from such consumer’s overpayment on such account. Suppliers shall give consumers written notice of such credit balances within 60 days of receiving overpayments. If the credit balance information is incorporated into statements of account furnished consumers by suppliers within such 60-day period, no separate or additional notice is required;17\n\nIf a supplier enters into a written agreement with a consumer to resolve a dispute that arises in connection with a consumer transaction, failing to adhere to the terms and conditions of such an agreement;18\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Health Club Act, Chapter 24 (§ 59.1-294 et seq.);19\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Home Solicitation Sales Act, Chapter 2.1 (§ 59.1-21.1 et seq.);20\n\nViolating any provision of the Automobile Repair Facilities Act, Chapter 17.1 (§ 59.1-207.1 et seq.);21\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act, Chapter 17.4 (§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.);22\n\nViolating any provision of the Prizes and Gifts Act, Chapter 31 (§ 59.1-415 et seq.);23\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Public Telephone Information Act, Chapter 32 (§ 59.1-424 et seq.);24\n\nViolating any provision of § 54.1-1505;25\n\nViolating any provision of the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers’ Warranty Adjustment Act, Chapter 17.6 (§ 59.1-207.34 et seq.);26\n\nViolating any provision of § 3.2-5627, relating to the pricing of merchandise;27\n\nViolating any provision of the Pay-Per-Call Services Act, Chapter 33 (§ 59.1-429 et seq.);28\n\nViolating any provision of the Extended Service Contract Act, Chapter 34 (§ 59.1-435 et seq.);29\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Membership Camping Act, Chapter 25 (§ 59.1-311 et seq.);30\n\nViolating any provision of the Comparison Price Advertising Act, Chapter 17.7 (§ 59.1-207.40 et seq.);31\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Travel Club Act, Chapter 36 (§ 59.1-445 et seq.);32\n\nViolating any provision of §§ 46.2-1231 and 46.2-1233.1;33\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 40 (§ 54.1-4000 et seq.) of Title 54.1;34\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 10.1 (§ 58.1-1031 et seq.) of Title 58.1;35\n\nUsing the consumer’s social security number as the consumer’s account number with the supplier, if the consumer has requested in writing that the supplier use an alternate number not associated with the consumer’s social security number;36\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 18 (§ 6.2-1800 et seq.) of Title 6.2;37\n\nViolating any provision of § 8.01-40.2;38\n\nViolating any provision of Article 7 (§ 32.1-212 et seq.) of Chapter 6 of Title 32.1;39\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 34.1 (§ 59.1-441.1 et seq.);40\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 20 (§ 6.2-2000 et seq.) of Title 6.2;41\n\nViolating any provision of the Virginia Post-Disaster Anti-Price Gouging Act, Chapter 46 (§ 59.1-525 et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction” has the same meaning as provided in § 59.1-526;42\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 47 (§ 59.1-530 et seq.);43\n\nViolating any provision of § 59.1-443.2;44\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 48 (§ 59.1-533 et seq.);45\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 25 (§ 6.2-2500 et seq.) of Title 6.2;46\n\nViolating the provisions of clause (i) of subsection B of § 54.1-1115;47\n\nViolating any provision of § 18.2-239;48\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 59.1-336 et seq.);49\n\nSelling, offering for sale, or manufacturing for sale a children’s product the supplier knows or has reason to know was recalled by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. There is a rebuttable presumption that a supplier has reason to know a children’s product was recalled if notice of the recall has been posted continuously at least 30 days before the sale, offer for sale, or manufacturing for sale on the website of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. This prohibition does not apply to children’s products that are used, secondhand or “seconds”;50\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 44.1 (§ 59.1-518.1 et seq.);51\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 22 (§ 6.2-2200 et seq.) of Title 6.2;52\n\nViolating any provision of § 8.2-317.1;53\n\nViolating subsection A of § 9.1-149.1;54\n\nSelling, offering for sale, or using in the construction, remodeling, or repair of any residential dwelling in the Commonwealth, any drywall that the supplier knows or has reason to know is defective drywall. This subdivision shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of any building or structure in which defective drywall has been permanently installed or affixed;55\n\nEngaging in fraudulent or improper or dishonest conduct as defined in § 54.1-1118 while engaged in a transaction that was initiated (i) during a declared state of emergency as defined in § 44-146.16 or (ii) to repair damage resulting from the event that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency, regardless of whether the supplier is licensed as a contractor in the Commonwealth pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) of Title 54.1;56\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 33.1 (§ 59.1-434.1 et seq.);57\n\nViolating any provision of § 18.2-178, 18.2-178.1, or 18.2-200.1;58\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 17.8 (§ 59.1-207.45 et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction” also includes transactions involving an automatic renewal or continuous service offer by a supplier to a small business, as those terms are defined in § 59.1-207.45;59\n\nViolating any provision of subsection E of § 32.1-126;60\n\nViolating any provision of § 54.1-111 relating to the unlicensed practice of a profession licensed under Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) or Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.) of Title 54.1;61\n\nViolating any provision of § 2.2-2001.5;62\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 5.2 (§ 54.1-526 et seq.) of Title 54.1;63\n\nViolating any provision of § 6.2-312;64\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 20.1 (§ 6.2-2026 et seq.) of Title 6.2;65\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 6.2-2600 et seq.) of Title 6.2;66\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 54 (§ 59.1-586 et seq.);67\n\nKnowingly violating any provision of § 8.01-27.5;68\n\nFailing to, in accordance with § 59.1-207.46, (i) make available a conspicuous online option to cancel a recurring purchase of a good or service or (ii) with respect to a free trial lasting more than 30 days, notify a consumer of his option to cancel such free trial within 30 days of the end of the trial period to avoid an obligation to pay for the goods or services;69\n\nSelling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains a synthetic derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic derivative” means a chemical compound produced by man through a chemical transformation to turn a compound into a different compound by adding or subtracting molecules to or from the original compound. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;70\n\nSelling or offering for sale to a person younger than 21 years of age any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;71\n\nSelling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol, unless such substance is (i) contained in child-resistant packaging, as defined in § 4.1-600; (ii) equipped with a label that states, in English and in a font no less than 1\/16 of an inch, (a) that the substance contains tetrahydrocannabinol and may not be sold to persons younger than 21 years of age, (b) all ingredients contained in the substance, (c) the amount of such substance that constitutes a single serving, and (d) the total percentage and milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol included in the substance and the number of milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol that are contained in each serving; and (iii) accompanied by a certificate of analysis, produced by an independent laboratory that is accredited pursuant to standard ISO\/IEC 17025 of the International Organization of Standardization by a third-party accrediting body, that states the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the substance or the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the batch from which the substance originates. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;72\n\nManufacturing, offering for sale at retail, or selling at retail an industrial hemp extract, as defined in § 3.2-5145.1, a food containing an industrial hemp extract, or a substance containing tetrahydrocannabinol that depicts or is in the shape of a human, animal, vehicle, or fruit;73\n\nSelling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol and, without authorization, bears, is packaged in a container or wrapper that bears, or is otherwise labeled to bear the trademark, trade name, famous mark as defined in 15 U.S.C. § 1125, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor of a product intended for human consumption other than the manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor that did in fact so manufacture, process, pack, or distribute such substance;74\n\nSelling or offering for sale a topical hemp product, as defined in § 3.2-4112, that does not include a label stating that the product is not intended for human consumption. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.), (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1, or (iii) apply to topical hemp products that were manufactured prior to July 1, 2023, provided that the person provides documentation of the date of manufacture if requested;75\n\nViolating any provision of § 59.1-466.8;76\n\nViolating subsection F of § 36-96.3:1;77\n\nSelling or offering for sale (i) any kratom product to a person younger than 21 years of age or (ii) any kratom product that does not include a label listing all ingredients and with the following guidance: “This product may be harmful to your health, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.” As used in this subdivision, “kratom” means any part of the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa or any extract thereof;78\n\nAdvertising of any ignition interlock system in Virginia by an ignition interlock vendor not approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program to operate in Virginia; targeted advertising of any ignition interlock system to a person before determination of guilt; and any advertising, whether before or after determination of guilt, without a conspicuous statement that such advertisement is not affiliated with any government agency. For purposes of this subdivision, “ignition interlock system” has the same meaning as ascribed to that term in § 18.2-270.1 and “targeted advertising” has the same meaning ascribed to that term in § 59.1-575 and includes direct mailings to an individual. This provision shall not apply to ignition interlock service vendor ads, pamphlets, or kiosk advertisements approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program and provided at a Commission-approved location;79\n\nFailing to disclose the total cost of a good or continuous service, as defined in § 59.1-207.45, to a consumer, including any mandatory fees or charges, prior to entering into an agreement for the sale of any such good or provision of any such continuous service;80\n\nViolating any provision of the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200 et seq.);81\n\nSelling or offering for sale services as a professional mold remediator to be performed upon any residential dwelling without holding a mold remediation certification from a nationally or internationally recognized certifying body for mold remediation, and failing to comply with (i) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s publication on Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, as revised; (ii) the ANSI\/IICRC S520 Standard for Professional Mold Remediation, as revised; or (iii) any other equivalent ANSI-accredited mold remediation standard, when conducting or offering to conduct mold remediation in the Commonwealth;82\n\nWillfully violating any provision of § 59.1-444.4;83\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 23.2 (§ 59.1-293.10 et seq.);84\n\nSelling any food that is required by the FDA to have a nutrition label that does not meet the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 101;85\n\nObtaining, disclosing, selling, or disseminating any personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information without the consent of the consumer;86\n\nViolating any provision of Chapter 58 (§ 59.1-607 et seq.); and87\n\n(Effective July 1, 2026) Violating any provision of the Medical Debt Protection Act (§ 59.1-611 et seq.).B\n\nNothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate or make unenforceable any contract or lease solely by reason of the failure of such contract or lease to comply with any other law of the Commonwealth or any federal statute or regulation, to the extent such other law, statute, or regulation provides that a violation of such law, statute, or regulation shall not invalidate or make unenforceable such contract or lease.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":297374,"text":"The following fraudulent acts or practices committed by a supplier in connection with a consumer transaction are hereby declared unlawful:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":297375,"text":"Misrepresenting goods or services as those of another;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":297376,"text":"Misrepresenting the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods or services;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":297377,"text":"Misrepresenting the affiliation, connection, or association of the supplier, or of the goods or services, with another;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":297378,"text":"Misrepresenting geographic origin in connection with goods or services;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":297379,"text":"Misrepresenting that goods or services have certain quantities, characteristics, ingredients, uses, or benefits;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":297380,"text":"Misrepresenting that goods or services are of a particular standard, quality, grade, style, or model;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"7":{"id":297381,"text":"Advertising or offering for sale goods that are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, or reconditioned, or that are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class,” without clearly and unequivocally indicating in the advertisement or offer for sale that the goods are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, reconditioned, or are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class”;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"A8"},"8":{"id":297382,"text":"Advertising goods or services with intent not to sell them as advertised, or with intent not to sell at the price or upon the terms advertised.\n\t\t\t\tIn any action brought under this subdivision, the refusal by any person, or any employee, agent, or servant thereof, to sell any goods or services advertised or offered for sale at the price or upon the terms advertised or offered, shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this subdivision. This paragraph shall not apply when it is clearly and conspicuously stated in the advertisement or offer by which such goods or services are advertised or offered for sale, that the supplier or offeror has a limited quantity or amount of such goods or services for sale, and the supplier or offeror at the time of such advertisement or offer did in fact have or reasonably expected to have at least such quantity or amount for sale;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A8","prefix_anchor":"A8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"A9"},"9":{"id":297383,"text":"Making false or misleading statements of fact concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amounts of price reductions;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"A9","prefix_anchor":"A9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A8","next_prefix":"A10"},"10":{"id":297384,"text":"Misrepresenting that repairs, alterations, modifications, or services have been performed or parts installed;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"A10","prefix_anchor":"A10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A9","next_prefix":"A11"},"11":{"id":297385,"text":"Misrepresenting by the use of any written or documentary material that appears to be an invoice or bill for merchandise or services previously ordered;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"A11","prefix_anchor":"A11","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A10","next_prefix":"A12"},"12":{"id":297386,"text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, using in any manner the words “wholesale,” “wholesaler,” “factory,” or “manufacturer” in the supplier’s name, or to describe the nature of the supplier’s business, unless the supplier is actually engaged primarily in selling at wholesale or in manufacturing the goods or services advertised or offered for sale;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"A12","prefix_anchor":"A12","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A11","next_prefix":"A13"},"13":{"id":297387,"text":"Using in any contract or lease any liquidated damage clause, penalty clause, or waiver of defense, or attempting to collect any liquidated damages or penalties under any clause, waiver, damages, or penalties that are void or unenforceable under any otherwise applicable laws of the Commonwealth, or under federal statutes or regulations;\n\t\t\t\t13a. Failing to provide to a consumer, or failing to use or include in any written document or material provided to or executed by a consumer, in connection with a consumer transaction any statement, disclosure, notice, or other information however characterized when the supplier is required by 16 C.F.R. Part 433 to so provide, use, or include the statement, disclosure, notice, or other information in connection with the consumer transaction;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","13"],"prefix":"13","entire_prefix":"A13","prefix_anchor":"A13","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A12","next_prefix":"A14"},"14":{"id":297388,"text":"Using any other deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, or misrepresentation in connection with a consumer transaction;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","14"],"prefix":"14","entire_prefix":"A14","prefix_anchor":"A14","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A13","next_prefix":"A15"},"15":{"id":297389,"text":"Violating any provision of § 3.2-6509, 3.2-6512, 3.2-6513, 3.2-6513.1, 3.2-6514, 3.2-6515, 3.2-6516, or 3.2-6519 is a violation of this chapter;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","15"],"prefix":"15","entire_prefix":"A15","prefix_anchor":"A15","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A14","next_prefix":"A16"},"16":{"id":297390,"text":"Failing to disclose all conditions, charges, or fees relating to:\n\t\t\t\ta. The return of goods for refund, exchange, or credit. Such disclosure shall be by means of a sign attached to the goods, or placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the person obtaining the goods from the supplier. If the supplier does not permit a refund, exchange, or credit for return, he shall so state on a similar sign. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any retail merchant who has a policy of providing, for a period of not less than 20 days after date of purchase, a cash refund or credit to the purchaser’s credit card account for the return of defective, unused, or undamaged merchandise upon presentation of proof of purchase. In the case of merchandise paid for by check, the purchase shall be treated as a cash purchase and any refund may be delayed for a period of 10 banking days to allow for the check to clear. This subdivision does not apply to sale merchandise that is obviously distressed, out of date, post season, or otherwise reduced for clearance; nor does this subdivision apply to special order purchases where the purchaser has requested the supplier to order merchandise of a specific or unusual size, color, or brand not ordinarily carried in the store or the store’s catalog; nor shall this subdivision apply in connection with a transaction for the sale or lease of motor vehicles, farm tractors, or motorcycles as defined in § 46.2-100;\n\t\t\t\tb. A layaway agreement. Such disclosure shall be furnished to the consumer (i) in writing at the time of the layaway agreement, or (ii) by means of a sign placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the consumer, or (iii) on the bill of sale. Disclosure shall include the conditions, charges, or fees in the event that a consumer breaches the agreement;\n\t\t\t\t16a. Failing to provide written notice to a consumer of an existing open-end credit balance in excess of $5 (i) on an account maintained by the supplier and (ii) resulting from such consumer’s overpayment on such account. Suppliers shall give consumers written notice of such credit balances within 60 days of receiving overpayments. If the credit balance information is incorporated into statements of account furnished consumers by suppliers within such 60-day period, no separate or additional notice is required;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","16"],"prefix":"16","entire_prefix":"A16","prefix_anchor":"A16","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A15","next_prefix":"A17"},"17":{"id":297391,"text":"If a supplier enters into a written agreement with a consumer to resolve a dispute that arises in connection with a consumer transaction, failing to adhere to the terms and conditions of such an agreement;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","17"],"prefix":"17","entire_prefix":"A17","prefix_anchor":"A17","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A16","next_prefix":"A18"},"18":{"id":297392,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Health Club Act, Chapter 24 (§ 59.1-294 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","18"],"prefix":"18","entire_prefix":"A18","prefix_anchor":"A18","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A17","next_prefix":"A19"},"19":{"id":297393,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Home Solicitation Sales Act, Chapter 2.1 (§ 59.1-21.1 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","19"],"prefix":"19","entire_prefix":"A19","prefix_anchor":"A19","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A18","next_prefix":"A20"},"20":{"id":297394,"text":"Violating any provision of the Automobile Repair Facilities Act, Chapter 17.1 (§ 59.1-207.1 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","20"],"prefix":"20","entire_prefix":"A20","prefix_anchor":"A20","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A19","next_prefix":"A21"},"21":{"id":297395,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act, Chapter 17.4 (§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","21"],"prefix":"21","entire_prefix":"A21","prefix_anchor":"A21","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A20","next_prefix":"A22"},"22":{"id":297396,"text":"Violating any provision of the Prizes and Gifts Act, Chapter 31 (§ 59.1-415 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","22"],"prefix":"22","entire_prefix":"A22","prefix_anchor":"A22","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A21","next_prefix":"A23"},"23":{"id":297397,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Public Telephone Information Act, Chapter 32 (§ 59.1-424 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","23"],"prefix":"23","entire_prefix":"A23","prefix_anchor":"A23","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A22","next_prefix":"A24"},"24":{"id":297398,"text":"Violating any provision of § 54.1-1505;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","24"],"prefix":"24","entire_prefix":"A24","prefix_anchor":"A24","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A23","next_prefix":"A25"},"25":{"id":297399,"text":"Violating any provision of the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers’ Warranty Adjustment Act, Chapter 17.6 (§ 59.1-207.34 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","25"],"prefix":"25","entire_prefix":"A25","prefix_anchor":"A25","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A24","next_prefix":"A26"},"26":{"id":297400,"text":"Violating any provision of § 3.2-5627, relating to the pricing of merchandise;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","26"],"prefix":"26","entire_prefix":"A26","prefix_anchor":"A26","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A25","next_prefix":"A27"},"27":{"id":297401,"text":"Violating any provision of the Pay-Per-Call Services Act, Chapter 33 (§ 59.1-429 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","27"],"prefix":"27","entire_prefix":"A27","prefix_anchor":"A27","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A26","next_prefix":"A28"},"28":{"id":297402,"text":"Violating any provision of the Extended Service Contract Act, Chapter 34 (§ 59.1-435 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","28"],"prefix":"28","entire_prefix":"A28","prefix_anchor":"A28","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A27","next_prefix":"A29"},"29":{"id":297403,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Membership Camping Act, Chapter 25 (§ 59.1-311 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","29"],"prefix":"29","entire_prefix":"A29","prefix_anchor":"A29","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A28","next_prefix":"A30"},"30":{"id":297404,"text":"Violating any provision of the Comparison Price Advertising Act, Chapter 17.7 (§ 59.1-207.40 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","30"],"prefix":"30","entire_prefix":"A30","prefix_anchor":"A30","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A29","next_prefix":"A31"},"31":{"id":297405,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Travel Club Act, Chapter 36 (§ 59.1-445 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","31"],"prefix":"31","entire_prefix":"A31","prefix_anchor":"A31","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A30","next_prefix":"A32"},"32":{"id":297406,"text":"Violating any provision of §§ 46.2-1231 and 46.2-1233.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","32"],"prefix":"32","entire_prefix":"A32","prefix_anchor":"A32","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A31","next_prefix":"A33"},"33":{"id":297407,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 40 (§ 54.1-4000 et seq.) of Title 54.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","33"],"prefix":"33","entire_prefix":"A33","prefix_anchor":"A33","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A32","next_prefix":"A34"},"34":{"id":297408,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 10.1 (§ 58.1-1031 et seq.) of Title 58.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","34"],"prefix":"34","entire_prefix":"A34","prefix_anchor":"A34","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A33","next_prefix":"A35"},"35":{"id":297409,"text":"Using the consumer’s social security number as the consumer’s account number with the supplier, if the consumer has requested in writing that the supplier use an alternate number not associated with the consumer’s social security number;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","35"],"prefix":"35","entire_prefix":"A35","prefix_anchor":"A35","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A34","next_prefix":"A36"},"36":{"id":297410,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 18 (§ 6.2-1800 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","36"],"prefix":"36","entire_prefix":"A36","prefix_anchor":"A36","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A35","next_prefix":"A37"},"37":{"id":297411,"text":"Violating any provision of § 8.01-40.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","37"],"prefix":"37","entire_prefix":"A37","prefix_anchor":"A37","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A36","next_prefix":"A38"},"38":{"id":297412,"text":"Violating any provision of Article 7 (§ 32.1-212 et seq.) of Chapter 6 of Title 32.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","38"],"prefix":"38","entire_prefix":"A38","prefix_anchor":"A38","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A37","next_prefix":"A39"},"39":{"id":297413,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 34.1 (§ 59.1-441.1 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","39"],"prefix":"39","entire_prefix":"A39","prefix_anchor":"A39","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A38","next_prefix":"A40"},"40":{"id":297414,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 20 (§ 6.2-2000 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","40"],"prefix":"40","entire_prefix":"A40","prefix_anchor":"A40","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A39","next_prefix":"A41"},"41":{"id":297415,"text":"Violating any provision of the Virginia Post-Disaster Anti-Price Gouging Act, Chapter 46 (§ 59.1-525 et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction” has the same meaning as provided in § 59.1-526;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","41"],"prefix":"41","entire_prefix":"A41","prefix_anchor":"A41","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A40","next_prefix":"A42"},"42":{"id":297416,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 47 (§ 59.1-530 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","42"],"prefix":"42","entire_prefix":"A42","prefix_anchor":"A42","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A41","next_prefix":"A43"},"43":{"id":297417,"text":"Violating any provision of § 59.1-443.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","43"],"prefix":"43","entire_prefix":"A43","prefix_anchor":"A43","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A42","next_prefix":"A44"},"44":{"id":297418,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 48 (§ 59.1-533 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","44"],"prefix":"44","entire_prefix":"A44","prefix_anchor":"A44","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A43","next_prefix":"A45"},"45":{"id":297419,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 25 (§ 6.2-2500 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","45"],"prefix":"45","entire_prefix":"A45","prefix_anchor":"A45","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A44","next_prefix":"A46"},"46":{"id":297420,"text":"Violating the provisions of clause (i) of subsection B of § 54.1-1115;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","46"],"prefix":"46","entire_prefix":"A46","prefix_anchor":"A46","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A45","next_prefix":"A47"},"47":{"id":297421,"text":"Violating any provision of § 18.2-239;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","47"],"prefix":"47","entire_prefix":"A47","prefix_anchor":"A47","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A46","next_prefix":"A48"},"48":{"id":297422,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 59.1-336 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","48"],"prefix":"48","entire_prefix":"A48","prefix_anchor":"A48","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A47","next_prefix":"A49"},"49":{"id":297423,"text":"Selling, offering for sale, or manufacturing for sale a children’s product the supplier knows or has reason to know was recalled by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. There is a rebuttable presumption that a supplier has reason to know a children’s product was recalled if notice of the recall has been posted continuously at least 30 days before the sale, offer for sale, or manufacturing for sale on the website of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. This prohibition does not apply to children’s products that are used, secondhand or “seconds”;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","49"],"prefix":"49","entire_prefix":"A49","prefix_anchor":"A49","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A48","next_prefix":"A50"},"50":{"id":297424,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 44.1 (§ 59.1-518.1 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","50"],"prefix":"50","entire_prefix":"A50","prefix_anchor":"A50","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A49","next_prefix":"A51"},"51":{"id":297425,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 22 (§ 6.2-2200 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","51"],"prefix":"51","entire_prefix":"A51","prefix_anchor":"A51","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A50","next_prefix":"A52"},"52":{"id":297426,"text":"Violating any provision of § 8.2-317.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","52"],"prefix":"52","entire_prefix":"A52","prefix_anchor":"A52","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A51","next_prefix":"A53"},"53":{"id":297427,"text":"Violating subsection A of § 9.1-149.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","53"],"prefix":"53","entire_prefix":"A53","prefix_anchor":"A53","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A52","next_prefix":"A54"},"54":{"id":297428,"text":"Selling, offering for sale, or using in the construction, remodeling, or repair of any residential dwelling in the Commonwealth, any drywall that the supplier knows or has reason to know is defective drywall. This subdivision shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of any building or structure in which defective drywall has been permanently installed or affixed;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","54"],"prefix":"54","entire_prefix":"A54","prefix_anchor":"A54","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A53","next_prefix":"A55"},"55":{"id":297429,"text":"Engaging in fraudulent or improper or dishonest conduct as defined in § 54.1-1118 while engaged in a transaction that was initiated (i) during a declared state of emergency as defined in § 44-146.16 or (ii) to repair damage resulting from the event that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency, regardless of whether the supplier is licensed as a contractor in the Commonwealth pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) of Title 54.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","55"],"prefix":"55","entire_prefix":"A55","prefix_anchor":"A55","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A54","next_prefix":"A56"},"56":{"id":297430,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 33.1 (§ 59.1-434.1 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","56"],"prefix":"56","entire_prefix":"A56","prefix_anchor":"A56","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A55","next_prefix":"A57"},"57":{"id":297431,"text":"Violating any provision of § 18.2-178, 18.2-178.1, or 18.2-200.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","57"],"prefix":"57","entire_prefix":"A57","prefix_anchor":"A57","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A56","next_prefix":"A58"},"58":{"id":297432,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 17.8 (§ 59.1-207.45 et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction” also includes transactions involving an automatic renewal or continuous service offer by a supplier to a small business, as those terms are defined in § 59.1-207.45;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","58"],"prefix":"58","entire_prefix":"A58","prefix_anchor":"A58","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A57","next_prefix":"A59"},"59":{"id":297433,"text":"Violating any provision of subsection E of § 32.1-126;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","59"],"prefix":"59","entire_prefix":"A59","prefix_anchor":"A59","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A58","next_prefix":"A60"},"60":{"id":297434,"text":"Violating any provision of § 54.1-111 relating to the unlicensed practice of a profession licensed under Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) or Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.) of Title 54.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","60"],"prefix":"60","entire_prefix":"A60","prefix_anchor":"A60","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A59","next_prefix":"A61"},"61":{"id":297435,"text":"Violating any provision of § 2.2-2001.5;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","61"],"prefix":"61","entire_prefix":"A61","prefix_anchor":"A61","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A60","next_prefix":"A62"},"62":{"id":297436,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 5.2 (§ 54.1-526 et seq.) of Title 54.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","62"],"prefix":"62","entire_prefix":"A62","prefix_anchor":"A62","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A61","next_prefix":"A63"},"63":{"id":297437,"text":"Violating any provision of § 6.2-312;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","63"],"prefix":"63","entire_prefix":"A63","prefix_anchor":"A63","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A62","next_prefix":"A64"},"64":{"id":297438,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 20.1 (§ 6.2-2026 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","64"],"prefix":"64","entire_prefix":"A64","prefix_anchor":"A64","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A63","next_prefix":"A65"},"65":{"id":297439,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 6.2-2600 et seq.) of Title 6.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","65"],"prefix":"65","entire_prefix":"A65","prefix_anchor":"A65","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A64","next_prefix":"A66"},"66":{"id":297440,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 54 (§ 59.1-586 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","66"],"prefix":"66","entire_prefix":"A66","prefix_anchor":"A66","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A65","next_prefix":"A67"},"67":{"id":297441,"text":"Knowingly violating any provision of § 8.01-27.5;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","67"],"prefix":"67","entire_prefix":"A67","prefix_anchor":"A67","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A66","next_prefix":"A68"},"68":{"id":297442,"text":"Failing to, in accordance with § 59.1-207.46, (i) make available a conspicuous online option to cancel a recurring purchase of a good or service or (ii) with respect to a free trial lasting more than 30 days, notify a consumer of his option to cancel such free trial within 30 days of the end of the trial period to avoid an obligation to pay for the goods or services;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","68"],"prefix":"68","entire_prefix":"A68","prefix_anchor":"A68","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A67","next_prefix":"A69"},"69":{"id":297443,"text":"Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains a synthetic derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic derivative” means a chemical compound produced by man through a chemical transformation to turn a compound into a different compound by adding or subtracting molecules to or from the original compound. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","69"],"prefix":"69","entire_prefix":"A69","prefix_anchor":"A69","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A68","next_prefix":"A70"},"70":{"id":297444,"text":"Selling or offering for sale to a person younger than 21 years of age any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","70"],"prefix":"70","entire_prefix":"A70","prefix_anchor":"A70","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A69","next_prefix":"A71"},"71":{"id":297445,"text":"Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol, unless such substance is (i) contained in child-resistant packaging, as defined in § 4.1-600; (ii) equipped with a label that states, in English and in a font no less than 1\/16 of an inch, (a) that the substance contains tetrahydrocannabinol and may not be sold to persons younger than 21 years of age, (b) all ingredients contained in the substance, (c) the amount of such substance that constitutes a single serving, and (d) the total percentage and milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol included in the substance and the number of milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol that are contained in each serving; and (iii) accompanied by a certificate of analysis, produced by an independent laboratory that is accredited pursuant to standard ISO\/IEC 17025 of the International Organization of Standardization by a third-party accrediting body, that states the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the substance or the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the batch from which the substance originates. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","71"],"prefix":"71","entire_prefix":"A71","prefix_anchor":"A71","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A70","next_prefix":"A72"},"72":{"id":297446,"text":"Manufacturing, offering for sale at retail, or selling at retail an industrial hemp extract, as defined in § 3.2-5145.1, a food containing an industrial hemp extract, or a substance containing tetrahydrocannabinol that depicts or is in the shape of a human, animal, vehicle, or fruit;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","72"],"prefix":"72","entire_prefix":"A72","prefix_anchor":"A72","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A71","next_prefix":"A73"},"73":{"id":297447,"text":"Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol and, without authorization, bears, is packaged in a container or wrapper that bears, or is otherwise labeled to bear the trademark, trade name, famous mark as defined in 15 U.S.C. § 1125, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor of a product intended for human consumption other than the manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor that did in fact so manufacture, process, pack, or distribute such substance;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","73"],"prefix":"73","entire_prefix":"A73","prefix_anchor":"A73","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A72","next_prefix":"A74"},"74":{"id":297448,"text":"Selling or offering for sale a topical hemp product, as defined in § 3.2-4112, that does not include a label stating that the product is not intended for human consumption. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.), (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1, or (iii) apply to topical hemp products that were manufactured prior to July 1, 2023, provided that the person provides documentation of the date of manufacture if requested;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","74"],"prefix":"74","entire_prefix":"A74","prefix_anchor":"A74","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A73","next_prefix":"A75"},"75":{"id":297449,"text":"Violating any provision of § 59.1-466.8;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","75"],"prefix":"75","entire_prefix":"A75","prefix_anchor":"A75","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A74","next_prefix":"A76"},"76":{"id":297450,"text":"Violating subsection F of § 36-96.3:1;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","76"],"prefix":"76","entire_prefix":"A76","prefix_anchor":"A76","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A75","next_prefix":"A77"},"77":{"id":297451,"text":"Selling or offering for sale (i) any kratom product to a person younger than 21 years of age or (ii) any kratom product that does not include a label listing all ingredients and with the following guidance: “This product may be harmful to your health, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.” As used in this subdivision, “kratom” means any part of the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa or any extract thereof;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","77"],"prefix":"77","entire_prefix":"A77","prefix_anchor":"A77","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A76","next_prefix":"A78"},"78":{"id":297452,"text":"Advertising of any ignition interlock system in Virginia by an ignition interlock vendor not approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program to operate in Virginia; targeted advertising of any ignition interlock system to a person before determination of guilt; and any advertising, whether before or after determination of guilt, without a conspicuous statement that such advertisement is not affiliated with any government agency. For purposes of this subdivision, “ignition interlock system” has the same meaning as ascribed to that term in § 18.2-270.1 and “targeted advertising” has the same meaning ascribed to that term in § 59.1-575 and includes direct mailings to an individual. This provision shall not apply to ignition interlock service vendor ads, pamphlets, or kiosk advertisements approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program and provided at a Commission-approved location;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","78"],"prefix":"78","entire_prefix":"A78","prefix_anchor":"A78","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A77","next_prefix":"A79"},"79":{"id":297453,"text":"Failing to disclose the total cost of a good or continuous service, as defined in § 59.1-207.45, to a consumer, including any mandatory fees or charges, prior to entering into an agreement for the sale of any such good or provision of any such continuous service;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","79"],"prefix":"79","entire_prefix":"A79","prefix_anchor":"A79","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A78","next_prefix":"A80"},"80":{"id":297454,"text":"Violating any provision of the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","80"],"prefix":"80","entire_prefix":"A80","prefix_anchor":"A80","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A79","next_prefix":"A81"},"81":{"id":297455,"text":"Selling or offering for sale services as a professional mold remediator to be performed upon any residential dwelling without holding a mold remediation certification from a nationally or internationally recognized certifying body for mold remediation, and failing to comply with (i) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s publication on Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, as revised; (ii) the ANSI\/IICRC S520 Standard for Professional Mold Remediation, as revised; or (iii) any other equivalent ANSI-accredited mold remediation standard, when conducting or offering to conduct mold remediation in the Commonwealth;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","81"],"prefix":"81","entire_prefix":"A81","prefix_anchor":"A81","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A80","next_prefix":"A82"},"82":{"id":297456,"text":"Willfully violating any provision of § 59.1-444.4;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","82"],"prefix":"82","entire_prefix":"A82","prefix_anchor":"A82","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A81","next_prefix":"A83"},"83":{"id":297457,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 23.2 (§ 59.1-293.10 et seq.);","type":"section","prefixes":["A","83"],"prefix":"83","entire_prefix":"A83","prefix_anchor":"A83","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A82","next_prefix":"A84"},"84":{"id":297458,"text":"Selling any food that is required by the FDA to have a nutrition label that does not meet the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 101;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","84"],"prefix":"84","entire_prefix":"A84","prefix_anchor":"A84","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A83","next_prefix":"A85"},"85":{"id":297459,"text":"Obtaining, disclosing, selling, or disseminating any personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information without the consent of the consumer;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","85"],"prefix":"85","entire_prefix":"A85","prefix_anchor":"A85","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A84","next_prefix":"A86"},"86":{"id":297460,"text":"Violating any provision of Chapter 58 (§ 59.1-607 et seq.); and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","86"],"prefix":"86","entire_prefix":"A86","prefix_anchor":"A86","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A85","next_prefix":"A87"},"87":{"id":297461,"text":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Violating any provision of the Medical Debt Protection Act (§ 59.1-611 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["A","87"],"prefix":"87","entire_prefix":"A87","prefix_anchor":"A87","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A86","next_prefix":"B"},"88":{"id":297462,"text":"Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate or make unenforceable any contract or lease solely by reason of the failure of such contract or lease to comply with any other law of the Commonwealth or any federal statute or regulation, to the extent such other law, statute, or regulation provides that a violation of such law, statute, or regulation shall not invalidate or make unenforceable such contract or lease.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A87"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13706,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Consumer Protection Act","identifier":"17","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:36","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:36","permalink":{"id":259775,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13706,"identifier":"17","token":"59.1\/17","url":"\/59.1\/17\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":56198,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-196\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-196","metadata":false},{"id":73728,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-197","catch_line":"Intent","url":"\/59.1-197\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-197","metadata":false},{"id":70121,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-198","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-198\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-198","metadata":false},{"id":69020,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/59.1-199\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","metadata":false},{"id":82977,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","url":"\/59.1-200\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","metadata":false},{"id":63532,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200.1","catch_line":"Prohibited practices; foreclosure rescue","url":"\/59.1-200.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200.1","metadata":false},{"id":72568,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-201","catch_line":"Civil investigative orders","url":"\/59.1-201\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201","metadata":false},{"id":80041,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-201.1","catch_line":"Attorney General empowered to issue civil investigative demands","url":"\/59.1-201.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201.1","metadata":false},{"id":54689,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-202","catch_line":"Assurances of voluntary compliance","url":"\/59.1-202\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-202","metadata":false},{"id":58087,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-203","catch_line":"Restraining prohibited acts","url":"\/59.1-203\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-203","metadata":false},{"id":78713,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-204","catch_line":"Individual action for damages or penalty","url":"\/59.1-204\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204","metadata":false},{"id":64214,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-204.1","catch_line":"Tolling of limitation","url":"\/59.1-204.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204.1","metadata":false},{"id":64777,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-205","catch_line":"Additional relief","url":"\/59.1-205\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-205","metadata":false},{"id":83374,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-206","catch_line":"Civil penalties; attorney fees","url":"\/59.1-206\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-206","metadata":false},{"id":85255,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-207","catch_line":"Unintentional violations","url":"\/59.1-207\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":69020,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/59.1-199\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":63532,"structure_id":13706,"section_number":"59.1-200.1","catch_line":"Prohibited practices; foreclosure rescue","url":"\/59.1-200.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-200\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1977. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 635 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1977 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 34 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1979, chapter 304; in 1981, chapter 205; in 1983, chapter 173; in 1986, chapter 432; in 1987, chapter 462; in 1988, chapters 24 and 534; in 1989, chapters 689 and 703; in 1990, chapter 584; in 1991, chapters 300, 605, 608, 630, and 654; in 1992, chapters 278, 545, and 768; in 1993, chapters 455 and 760; in 1994, chapters 261<\/a>, 400<\/a>, and 655<\/a>; in 1995, chapter 10<\/a>; in 1998, chapter 848<\/a>; in 2000, chapters 880<\/a> and 901<\/a>; in 2002, chapters 217<\/a> and 897<\/a>; in 2003, chapters 800<\/a> and 1003<\/a>; in 2004, chapters 784<\/a>, 790<\/a>, 798<\/a>, and 817<\/a>; in 2005, chapters 269<\/a>, 303<\/a>, 640<\/a>, and 861<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 399<\/a>; in 2008, chapters 294<\/a>, 791<\/a>, and 842<\/a>; in 2009, chapters 321<\/a>, 359<\/a>, 376<\/a>, 699<\/a>, and 700<\/a>; in 2010, chapters 477<\/a> and 713<\/a>; in 2011, chapter 615<\/a>; in 2014, chapters 396<\/a> and 459<\/a>; in 2016, chapter 591<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 11<\/a>, 16<\/a>, and 727<\/a>; in 2018, chapters 299<\/a> and 704<\/a>; in 2019, chapters 291<\/a>, 292<\/a>, and 521<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 412<\/a>, 438<\/a>, 481<\/a>, 785<\/a>, 1198<\/a>, 1215<\/a>, 1250<\/a>, and 1258<\/a>; in 2022, chapters 351<\/a> and 557<\/a>; in 2023, chapters 304<\/a>, 305<\/a>, 439<\/a>, 596<\/a>, 688<\/a>, 740<\/a>, 744<\/a>, 773<\/a>, and 794<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 328<\/a>, 362<\/a>, 452<\/a>, 476<\/a>, 549<\/a>, 747<\/a>, 751<\/a>, 793<\/a>, and 828<\/a>; in 2025, chapters 251<\/a>, 342<\/a>, 591<\/a>, 685<\/a>, 686<\/a>, and 692<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66246,"section_number":"18.2-239","catch_line":"Pyramid promotional schemes; misdemeanor; definitions; contracts void","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-239\/"},{"id":81485,"section_number":"2.2-2001.5","catch_line":"Assignment of right to receive veterans' benefits","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2001.5\/"},{"id":57892,"section_number":"3.2-5145.2:1","catch_line":"Sellers or manufacturers of industrial hemp extract; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-5145.2_1\/"},{"id":55461,"section_number":"3.2-6509","catch_line":"Misrepresentation of animal's condition; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6509\/"},{"id":60330,"section_number":"3.2-6513.1","catch_line":"Pet shops; posting of information about dogs","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6513.1\/"},{"id":74582,"section_number":"3.2-6513.2","catch_line":"Rental or lease of dog or cat prohibited; requirements for financing a dog or cat; civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6513.2\/"},{"id":80528,"section_number":"3.2-6514","catch_line":"Consumer remedies for receipt of diseased animal upon certification by veterinarian","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6514\/"},{"id":54323,"section_number":"3.2-6515","catch_line":"Written notice of consumer remedies required to be supplied by pet dealers","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6515\/"},{"id":55903,"section_number":"3.2-6519","catch_line":"Written notice of consumer remedies required to be supplied by boarding establishments; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-6519\/"},{"id":76972,"section_number":"32.1-226","catch_line":"Violation a misdemeanor; application of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-226\/"},{"id":85052,"section_number":"36-96.3:1","catch_line":"Rights and responsibilities with respect to the use of an assistance animal in a dwelling","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-96.3_1\/"},{"id":75735,"section_number":"46.2-1542","catch_line":"Temporary registration","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1542\/"},{"id":65513,"section_number":"54.1-1115","catch_line":"Prohibited acts","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-1115\/"},{"id":83767,"section_number":"54.1-4014","catch_line":"Penalties; 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liability of covered patients for unbilled health care services","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-27.5\/"},{"id":57683,"section_number":"8.01-40.2","catch_line":"Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-40.2\/"},{"id":54328,"section_number":"8.2-317.1","catch_line":"Use of warranty registration cards","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-317.1\/"},{"id":60196,"section_number":"9.1-149.1","catch_line":"Unlawful advertisement for regulated services; notice; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-149.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":259793,"object_type":"law","relational_id":82977,"identifier":"59.1-200","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","url":"\/59.1-200\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-200\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","dublin_core":{"Title":"Prohibited practices","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-200","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The following fraudulent acts or practices committed by a supplier<\/span> in connection with a consumer transaction<\/span> are hereby declared unlawful: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Misrepresenting goods<\/span> or services<\/span> as those of another; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Misrepresenting the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods<\/span> or services<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Misrepresenting the affiliation, connection, or association of the supplier<\/span>, or of the goods<\/span> or services<\/span>, with another; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Misrepresenting geographic origin in connection with goods<\/span> or services<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Misrepresenting that goods<\/span> or services<\/span> have certain quantities, characteristics, ingredients, uses, or benefits; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Misrepresenting that goods<\/span> or services<\/span> are of a particular standard, quality, grade, style, or model; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Advertising or offering for sale goods<\/span> that are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, or reconditioned, or that are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class,” without clearly and unequivocally indicating in the advertisement or offer for sale that the goods<\/span> are used, secondhand, repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, reconditioned, or are “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first class”; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Advertising goods<\/span> or services<\/span> with intent<\/span> not to sell them as advertised, or with intent<\/span> not to sell at the price or upon the terms advertised.\n\t\t\t\tIn any action brought under this subdivision, the refusal by any person<\/span>, or any employee, agent, or servant thereof, to sell any goods<\/span> or services<\/span> advertised or offered for sale at the price or upon the terms advertised or offered, shall be prima facie evidence<\/span> of a violation of this subdivision. This paragraph shall not apply when it is clearly and conspicuously stated in the advertisement or offer by which such goods<\/span> or services<\/span> are advertised or offered for sale, that the supplier<\/span> or offeror has a limited quantity or amount of such goods<\/span> or services<\/span> for sale, and the supplier<\/span> or offeror at the time of such advertisement or offer did in fact<\/span> have or reasonably expected to have at least such quantity or amount for sale; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Making false or misleading statements of fact<\/span> concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amounts of price reductions; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Misrepresenting that repairs, alterations, modifications, or services<\/span> have been performed or parts installed; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Misrepresenting by the use of any written or documentary material<\/span> that appears to be an invoice or bill for merchandise or services<\/span> previously ordered; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> Notwithstanding any other provision of law<\/span>, using in any manner the words “wholesale,” “wholesaler,” “factory,” or “manufacturer” in the supplier<\/span>’s name, or to describe the nature of the supplier<\/span>’s business, unless the supplier<\/span> is actually engaged primarily in selling at wholesale or in manufacturing the goods<\/span> or services<\/span> advertised or offered for sale; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

13.<\/span> Using in any contract<\/span> or lease any liquidated damage clause, penalty<\/span> clause, or waiver<\/span> of defense, or attempting to collect any liquidated damages<\/span> or penalties under any clause, waiver<\/span>, damages<\/span>, or penalties that are void or unenforceable under any otherwise applicable laws<\/span> of the Commonwealth, or under federal statutes<\/span> or regulations;\n\t\t\t\t13a. Failing to provide to a consumer, or failing to use or include in any written document or material<\/span> provided to or executed by a consumer, in connection with a consumer transaction<\/span> any statement, disclosure, notice, or other information however characterized when the supplier<\/span> is required by 16 C.F.R. Part 433 to so provide, use, or include the statement, disclosure, notice, or other information in connection with the consumer transaction<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

14.<\/span> Using any other deception, fraud<\/span>, false pretense<\/span>, false promise, or misrepresentation in connection with a consumer transaction<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

15.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 3.2-6509<\/a>, 3.2-6512<\/a>, 3.2-6513<\/a>, 3.2-6513.1<\/a>, 3.2-6514<\/a>, 3.2-6515<\/a>, 3.2-6516<\/a>, or 3.2-6519<\/a> is a violation of this chapter; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

16.<\/span> Failing to disclose all conditions, charges, or fees relating to:\n\t\t\t\ta. The return of goods<\/span> for refund, exchange, or credit. Such disclosure shall be by means of a sign attached to the goods<\/span>, or placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier<\/span>, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the person<\/span> obtaining the goods<\/span> from the supplier<\/span>. If the supplier<\/span> does not permit a refund, exchange, or credit for return, he shall so state on a similar sign. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any retail merchant who has a policy of providing, for a period of not less than 20 days after date of purchase, a cash refund or credit to the purchaser’s credit card account for the return of defective, unused, or undamaged merchandise upon presentation of proof of purchase. In the case of merchandise paid for by check, the purchase shall be treated as a cash purchase and any refund may be delayed for a period of 10 banking days to allow for the check to clear. This subdivision does not apply to sale merchandise that is obviously distressed, out of date, post season, or otherwise reduced for clearance; nor does this subdivision apply to special order<\/span> purchases where the purchaser has requested the supplier<\/span> to order<\/span> merchandise of a specific or unusual size, color, or brand not ordinarily carried in the store or the store’s catalog; nor shall this subdivision apply in connection with a transaction for the sale or lease of motor vehicles, farm tractors, or motorcycles as defined in § 46.2-100<\/a>;\n\t\t\t\tb. A layaway agreement. Such disclosure shall be furnished to the consumer (i) in writing at the time of the layaway agreement, or (ii) by means of a sign placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier<\/span>, so as to be readily noticeable and readable by the consumer, or (iii) on the bill of sale. Disclosure shall include the conditions, charges, or fees in the event that a consumer breaches the agreement;\n\t\t\t\t16a. Failing to provide written notice to a consumer of an existing open-end credit balance in excess of $5 (i) on an account maintained by the supplier<\/span> and (ii) resulting from such consumer’s overpayment on such account. Suppliers<\/span> shall give consumers written notice of such credit balances within 60 days of receiving overpayments. If the credit balance information is incorporated into statements of account furnished consumers by suppliers<\/span> within such 60-day period, no separate or additional notice is required; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

17.<\/span> If a supplier<\/span> enters into a written agreement with a consumer to resolve a dispute that arises in connection with a consumer transaction<\/span>, failing to adhere to the terms and conditions of such an agreement; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

18.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Health Club Act, Chapter 24 (§ 59.1-294<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

19.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Home Solicitation Sales Act, Chapter 2.1 (§ 59.1-21.1<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

20.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Automobile Repair Facilities Act, Chapter 17.1 (§ 59.1-207.1<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

21.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act, Chapter 17.4 (§ 59.1-207.17<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

22.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Prizes and Gifts Act, Chapter 31 (§ 59.1-415<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

23.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Public Telephone Information Act, Chapter 32 (§ 59.1-424<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

24.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 54.1-1505<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

25.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers’ Warranty Adjustment Act, Chapter 17.6 (§ 59.1-207.34<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

26.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 3.2-5627<\/a>, relating to the pricing of merchandise; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

27.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Pay-Per-Call Services<\/span> Act, Chapter 33 (§ 59.1-429<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

28.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Extended Service Contract<\/span> Act, Chapter 34 (§ 59.1-435<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

29.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Membership Camping Act, Chapter 25 (§ 59.1-311<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

30.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Comparison Price Advertising Act, Chapter 17.7 (§ 59.1-207.40<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

31.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Travel Club Act, Chapter 36 (§ 59.1-445<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

32.<\/span> Violating any provision of §§ 46.2-1231<\/a> and 46.2-1233.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

33.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 40 (§ 54.1-4000<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

34.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 10.1 (§ 58.1-1031<\/a> et seq.) of Title 58.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

35.<\/span> Using the consumer’s social security number as the consumer’s account number with the supplier<\/span>, if the consumer has requested in writing that the supplier<\/span> use an alternate number not associated with the consumer’s social security number; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

36.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 18 (§ 6.2-1800<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

37.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 8.01-40.2<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

38.<\/span> Violating any provision of Article 7 (§ 32.1-212<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 6 of Title 32.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

39.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 34.1 (§ 59.1-441.1<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

40.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 20 (§ 6.2-2000<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

41.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Virginia Post-Disaster Anti-Price Gouging Act, Chapter 46 (§ 59.1-525<\/a> et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction<\/span>” has the same meaning as provided in § 59.1-526<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

42.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 47 (§ 59.1-530<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

43.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 59.1-443.2<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

44.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 48 (§ 59.1-533<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

45.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 25 (§ 6.2-2500<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

46.<\/span> Violating the provisions of clause (i) of subsection B of § 54.1-1115<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

47.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 18.2-239<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

48.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 59.1-336<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

49.<\/span> Selling, offering for sale, or manufacturing for sale a children’s product the supplier<\/span> knows or has reason to know was recalled by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. There is a rebuttable presumption<\/span> that a supplier<\/span> has reason to know a children’s product was recalled if notice of the recall has been posted continuously at least 30 days before the sale, offer for sale, or manufacturing for sale on the website of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. This prohibition does not apply to children’s products that are used, secondhand or “seconds”; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

50.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 44.1 (§ 59.1-518.1<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

51.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 22 (§ 6.2-2200<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

52.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 8.2-317.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

53.<\/span> Violating subsection A of § 9.1-149.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

54.<\/span> Selling, offering for sale, or using in the construction, remodeling, or repair of any residential dwelling in the Commonwealth, any drywall that the supplier<\/span> knows or has reason to know is defective drywall<\/span>. This subdivision shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of any building or structure in which defective drywall<\/span> has been permanently installed or affixed; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

55.<\/span> Engaging in fraudulent or improper or dishonest conduct as defined in § 54.1-1118<\/a> while engaged in a transaction that was initiated (i) during a declared state of emergency as defined in § 44-146.16<\/a> or (ii) to repair damage resulting from the event that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency, regardless of whether the supplier<\/span> is licensed as a contractor in the Commonwealth pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

56.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 33.1 (§ 59.1-434.1<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

57.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 18.2-178<\/a>, 18.2-178.1<\/a>, or 18.2-200.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

58.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 17.8 (§ 59.1-207.45<\/a> et seq.). For the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction<\/span>” also includes transactions involving an automatic renewal or continuous service offer by a supplier<\/span> to a small business, as those terms are defined in § 59.1-207.45<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

59.<\/span> Violating any provision of subsection E of § 32.1-126<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

60.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 54.1-111<\/a> relating to the unlicensed practice of a profession licensed under Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100<\/a> et seq.) or Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

61.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 2.2-2001.5<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

62.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 5.2 (§ 54.1-526<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

63.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 6.2-312<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

64.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 20.1 (§ 6.2-2026<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

65.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 6.2-2600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 6.2; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

66.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 54 (§ 59.1-586<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

67.<\/span> Knowingly violating any provision of § 8.01-27.5<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

68.<\/span> Failing to, in accordance with § 59.1-207.46<\/a>, (i) make available a conspicuous online option to cancel a recurring purchase of a good or service or (ii) with respect to a free trial<\/span> lasting more than 30 days, notify a consumer of his option to cancel such free trial<\/span> within 30 days of the end of the trial<\/span> period to avoid an obligation to pay for the goods<\/span> or services<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

69.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains a synthetic derivative<\/span> of tetrahydrocannabinol. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic derivative<\/span>” means a chemical compound produced by man through a chemical transformation to turn a compound into a different compound by adding or subtracting molecules to or from the original compound. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400<\/a> et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 4.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

70.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale to a person<\/span> younger than 21 years of age any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400<\/a> et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 4.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

71.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol, unless such substance is (i) contained in child-resistant packaging, as defined in § 4.1-600<\/a>; (ii) equipped with a label that states, in English and in a font no less than 1\/16 of an inch, (a) that the substance contains tetrahydrocannabinol and may not be sold to persons<\/span> younger than 21 years of age, (b) all ingredients contained in the substance, (c) the amount of such substance that constitutes a single serving, and (d) the total percentage and milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol included in the substance and the number of milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol that are contained in each serving; and (iii) accompanied by a certificate of analysis, produced by an independent laboratory that is accredited pursuant to standard ISO\/IEC 17025 of the International Organization of Standardization by a third-party<\/span> accrediting body, that states the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the substance or the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the batch from which the substance originates. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400<\/a> et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 4.1; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

72.<\/span> Manufacturing, offering for sale at retail, or selling at retail an industrial hemp extract, as defined in § 3.2-5145.1<\/a>, a food containing an industrial hemp extract, or a substance containing tetrahydrocannabinol that depicts or is in the shape of a human, animal, vehicle, or fruit; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

73.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol and, without authorization, bears, is packaged in a container or wrapper that bears, or is otherwise labeled to bear the trademark, trade name, famous mark as defined in 15 U.S.C. § 1125, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor of a product intended for human consumption other than the manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor that did in fact<\/span> so manufacture, process, pack, or distribute such substance; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

74.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale a topical hemp product, as defined in § 3.2-4112<\/a>, that does not include a label stating that the product is not intended for human consumption. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400<\/a> et seq.), (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 4.1, or (iii) apply to topical hemp products that were manufactured prior to July 1, 2023, provided that the person<\/span> provides documentation of the date of manufacture if requested; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

75.<\/span> Violating any provision of § 59.1-466.8<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

76.<\/span> Violating subsection F of § 36-96.3:1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

77.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale (i) any kratom<\/span> product to a person<\/span> younger than 21 years of age or (ii) any kratom<\/span> product that does not include a label listing all ingredients and with the following guidance: “This product may be harmful to your health, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.” As used in this subdivision, “kratom<\/span>” means any part of the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa or any extract thereof; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

78.<\/span> Advertising of any ignition interlock system<\/span> in Virginia by an ignition interlock vendor not approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program to operate in Virginia; targeted advertising<\/span> of any ignition interlock system<\/span> to a person<\/span> before determination of guilt; and any advertising, whether before or after determination of guilt, without a conspicuous statement that such advertisement is not affiliated with any government agency. For purposes of this subdivision, “ignition interlock system<\/span>” has the same meaning as ascribed to that term in § 18.2-270.1<\/a> and “targeted advertising<\/span>” has the same meaning ascribed to that term in § 59.1-575<\/a> and includes direct mailings to an individual. This provision shall not apply to ignition interlock service vendor ads, pamphlets, or kiosk advertisements approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program and provided at a Commission-approved location; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

79.<\/span> Failing to disclose the total cost of a good or continuous service, as defined in § 59.1-207.45<\/a>, to a consumer, including any mandatory fees or charges, prior to entering into an agreement for the sale of any such good or provision of any such continuous service; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

80.<\/span> Violating any provision of the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act (§ 55.1-3200<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

81.<\/span> Selling or offering for sale services<\/span> as a professional mold remediator to be performed upon any residential dwelling without holding a mold remediation certification from a nationally or internationally recognized certifying body for mold remediation, and failing to comply with (i) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s publication on Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, as revised; (ii) the ANSI\/IICRC S520 Standard for Professional Mold Remediation, as revised; or (iii) any other equivalent ANSI-accredited mold remediation standard, when conducting or offering to conduct mold remediation in the Commonwealth; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

82.<\/span> Willfully violating any provision of § 59.1-444.4<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

83.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 23.2 (§ 59.1-293.10<\/a> et seq.); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

84.<\/span> Selling any food that is required by the FDA to have a nutrition label that does not meet the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 101; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

85.<\/span> Obtaining, disclosing, selling, or disseminating any personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information<\/span> without the consent<\/span> of the consumer; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

86.<\/span> Violating any provision of Chapter 58 (§ 59.1-607<\/a> et seq.); and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

87.<\/span> (Effective July 1, 2026) Violating any provision of the Medical Debt Protection Act (§ 59.1-611<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate or make unenforceable any contract<\/span> or lease solely by reason of the failure of such contract<\/span> or lease to comply with any other law<\/span> of the Commonwealth or any federal statute<\/span> or regulation, to the extent such other law<\/span>, statute<\/span>, or regulation provides that a violation of such law<\/span>, statute<\/span>, or regulation shall not invalidate or make unenforceable such contract<\/span> or lease. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROHIBITED PRACTICES (\u00a7 59.1-200)\n\nA. The following fraudulent acts or practices committed by a supplier in\nconnection with a consumer transaction are hereby declared unlawful:\n\n 1. Misrepresenting goods or services as those of another;\n\n 2. Misrepresenting the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of\n goods or services;\n\n 3. Misrepresenting the affiliation, connection, or association of the\n supplier, or of the goods or services, with another;\n\n 4. Misrepresenting geographic origin in connection with goods or services;\n\n 5. Misrepresenting that goods or services have certain quantities,\n characteristics, ingredients, uses, or benefits;\n\n 6. Misrepresenting that goods or services are of a particular standard,\n quality, grade, style, or model;\n\n 7. Advertising or offering for sale goods that are used, secondhand,\n repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, or reconditioned, or that are\n “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first\n class,” without clearly and unequivocally indicating in the\n advertisement or offer for sale that the goods are used, secondhand,\n repossessed, defective, blemished, deteriorated, reconditioned, or are\n “seconds,” irregulars, imperfects, or “not first\n class”;\n\n 8. Advertising goods or services with intent not to sell them as advertised,\n or with intent not to sell at the price or upon the terms advertised.\n \t\t\t\tIn any action brought under this subdivision, the refusal by any person,\n or any employee, agent, or servant thereof, to sell any goods or services\n advertised or offered for sale at the price or upon the terms advertised or\n offered, shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this subdivision.\n This paragraph shall not apply when it is clearly and conspicuously stated in\n the advertisement or offer by which such goods or services are advertised or\n offered for sale, that the supplier or offeror has a limited quantity or\n amount of such goods or services for sale, and the supplier or offeror at the\n time of such advertisement or offer did in fact have or reasonably expected to\n have at least such quantity or amount for sale;\n\n 9. Making false or misleading statements of fact concerning the reasons for,\n existence of, or amounts of price reductions;\n\n 10. Misrepresenting that repairs, alterations, modifications, or services have\n been performed or parts installed;\n\n 11. Misrepresenting by the use of any written or documentary material that\n appears to be an invoice or bill for merchandise or services previously\n ordered;\n\n 12. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, using in any manner the words\n “wholesale,” “wholesaler,” “factory,” or\n “manufacturer” in the supplier’s name, or to describe the\n nature of the supplier’s business, unless the supplier is actually\n engaged primarily in selling at wholesale or in manufacturing the goods or\n services advertised or offered for sale;\n\n 13. Using in any contract or lease any liquidated damage clause, penalty\n clause, or waiver of defense, or attempting to collect any liquidated damages\n or penalties under any clause, waiver, damages, or penalties that are void or\n unenforceable under any otherwise applicable laws of the Commonwealth, or\n under federal statutes or regulations;\n \t\t\t\t13a. Failing to provide to a consumer, or failing to use or include in any\n written document or material provided to or executed by a consumer, in\n connection with a consumer transaction any statement, disclosure, notice, or\n other information however characterized when the supplier is required by 16\n C.F.R. Part 433 to so provide, use, or include the statement, disclosure,\n notice, or other information in connection with the consumer transaction;\n\n 14. Using any other deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, or\n misrepresentation in connection with a consumer transaction;\n\n 15. Violating any provision of § 3.2-6509, 3.2-6512, 3.2-6513,\n 3.2-6513.1, 3.2-6514, 3.2-6515, 3.2-6516, or 3.2-6519 is a violation of this\n chapter;\n\n 16. Failing to disclose all conditions, charges, or fees relating to:\n \t\t\t\ta. The return of goods for refund, exchange, or credit. Such disclosure\n shall be by means of a sign attached to the goods, or placed in a conspicuous\n public area of the premises of the supplier, so as to be readily noticeable\n and readable by the person obtaining the goods from the supplier. If the\n supplier does not permit a refund, exchange, or credit for return, he shall so\n state on a similar sign. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to\n any retail merchant who has a policy of providing, for a period of not less\n than 20 days after date of purchase, a cash refund or credit to the\n purchaser’s credit card account for the return of defective, unused, or\n undamaged merchandise upon presentation of proof of purchase. In the case of\n merchandise paid for by check, the purchase shall be treated as a cash\n purchase and any refund may be delayed for a period of 10 banking days to\n allow for the check to clear. This subdivision does not apply to sale\n merchandise that is obviously distressed, out of date, post season, or\n otherwise reduced for clearance; nor does this subdivision apply to special\n order purchases where the purchaser has requested the supplier to order\n merchandise of a specific or unusual size, color, or brand not ordinarily\n carried in the store or the store’s catalog; nor shall this subdivision\n apply in connection with a transaction for the sale or lease of motor\n vehicles, farm tractors, or motorcycles as defined in § 46.2-100;\n \t\t\t\tb. A layaway agreement. Such disclosure shall be furnished to the consumer\n (i) in writing at the time of the layaway agreement, or (ii) by means of a\n sign placed in a conspicuous public area of the premises of the supplier, so\n as to be readily noticeable and readable by the consumer, or (iii) on the bill\n of sale. Disclosure shall include the conditions, charges, or fees in the\n event that a consumer breaches the agreement;\n \t\t\t\t16a. Failing to provide written notice to a consumer of an existing\n open-end credit balance in excess of $5 (i) on an account maintained by the\n supplier and (ii) resulting from such consumer’s overpayment on such\n account. Suppliers shall give consumers written notice of such credit balances\n within 60 days of receiving overpayments. If the credit balance information is\n incorporated into statements of account furnished consumers by suppliers\n within such 60-day period, no separate or additional notice is required;\n\n 17. If a supplier enters into a written agreement with a consumer to resolve a\n dispute that arises in connection with a consumer transaction, failing to\n adhere to the terms and conditions of such an agreement;\n\n 18. Violating any provision of the Virginia Health Club Act, Chapter 24\n (§ 59.1-294 et seq.);\n\n 19. Violating any provision of the Virginia Home Solicitation Sales Act,\n Chapter 2.1 (§ 59.1-21.1 et seq.);\n\n 20. Violating any provision of the Automobile Repair Facilities Act, Chapter\n 17.1 (§ 59.1-207.1 et seq.);\n\n 21. Violating any provision of the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act,\n Chapter 17.4 (§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.);\n\n 22. Violating any provision of the Prizes and Gifts Act, Chapter 31 (§\n 59.1-415 et seq.);\n\n 23. Violating any provision of the Virginia Public Telephone Information Act,\n Chapter 32 (§ 59.1-424 et seq.);\n\n 24. Violating any provision of § 54.1-1505;\n\n 25. Violating any provision of the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers’ Warranty\n Adjustment Act, Chapter 17.6 (§ 59.1-207.34 et seq.);\n\n 26. Violating any provision of § 3.2-5627, relating to the pricing of\n merchandise;\n\n 27. Violating any provision of the Pay-Per-Call Services Act, Chapter 33\n (§ 59.1-429 et seq.);\n\n 28. Violating any provision of the Extended Service Contract Act, Chapter 34\n (§ 59.1-435 et seq.);\n\n 29. Violating any provision of the Virginia Membership Camping Act, Chapter 25\n (§ 59.1-311 et seq.);\n\n 30. Violating any provision of the Comparison Price Advertising Act, Chapter\n 17.7 (§ 59.1-207.40 et seq.);\n\n 31. Violating any provision of the Virginia Travel Club Act, Chapter 36\n (§ 59.1-445 et seq.);\n\n 32. Violating any provision of §§ 46.2-1231 and 46.2-1233.1;\n\n 33. Violating any provision of Chapter 40 (§ 54.1-4000 et seq.) of Title\n 54.1;\n\n 34. Violating any provision of Chapter 10.1 (§ 58.1-1031 et seq.) of\n Title 58.1;\n\n 35. Using the consumer’s social security number as the consumer’s\n account number with the supplier, if the consumer has requested in writing\n that the supplier use an alternate number not associated with the\n consumer’s social security number;\n\n 36. Violating any provision of Chapter 18 (§ 6.2-1800 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 37. Violating any provision of § 8.01-40.2;\n\n 38. Violating any provision of Article 7 (§ 32.1-212 et seq.) of Chapter\n 6 of Title 32.1;\n\n 39. Violating any provision of Chapter 34.1 (§ 59.1-441.1 et seq.);\n\n 40. Violating any provision of Chapter 20 (§ 6.2-2000 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 41. Violating any provision of the Virginia Post-Disaster Anti-Price Gouging\n Act, Chapter 46 (§ 59.1-525 et seq.). For the purposes of this\n subdivision, “consumer transaction” has the same meaning as\n provided in § 59.1-526;\n\n 42. Violating any provision of Chapter 47 (§ 59.1-530 et seq.);\n\n 43. Violating any provision of § 59.1-443.2;\n\n 44. Violating any provision of Chapter 48 (§ 59.1-533 et seq.);\n\n 45. Violating any provision of Chapter 25 (§ 6.2-2500 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 46. Violating the provisions of clause (i) of subsection B of §\n 54.1-1115;\n\n 47. Violating any provision of § 18.2-239;\n\n 48. Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 59.1-336 et seq.);\n\n 49. Selling, offering for sale, or manufacturing for sale a children’s\n product the supplier knows or has reason to know was recalled by the U.S.\n Consumer Product Safety Commission. There is a rebuttable presumption that a\n supplier has reason to know a children’s product was recalled if notice\n of the recall has been posted continuously at least 30 days before the sale,\n offer for sale, or manufacturing for sale on the website of the U.S. Consumer\n Product Safety Commission. This prohibition does not apply to children’s\n products that are used, secondhand or “seconds”;\n\n 50. Violating any provision of Chapter 44.1 (§ 59.1-518.1 et seq.);\n\n 51. Violating any provision of Chapter 22 (§ 6.2-2200 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 52. Violating any provision of § 8.2-317.1;\n\n 53. Violating subsection A of § 9.1-149.1;\n\n 54. Selling, offering for sale, or using in the construction, remodeling, or\n repair of any residential dwelling in the Commonwealth, any drywall that the\n supplier knows or has reason to know is defective drywall. This subdivision\n shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of any building or structure\n in which defective drywall has been permanently installed or affixed;\n\n 55. Engaging in fraudulent or improper or dishonest conduct as defined in\n § 54.1-1118 while engaged in a transaction that was initiated (i) during\n a declared state of emergency as defined in § 44-146.16 or (ii) to repair\n damage resulting from the event that prompted the declaration of a state of\n emergency, regardless of whether the supplier is licensed as a contractor in\n the Commonwealth pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) of Title\n 54.1;\n\n 56. Violating any provision of Chapter 33.1 (§ 59.1-434.1 et seq.);\n\n 57. Violating any provision of § 18.2-178, 18.2-178.1, or 18.2-200.1;\n\n 58. Violating any provision of Chapter 17.8 (§ 59.1-207.45 et seq.). For\n the purposes of this subdivision, “consumer transaction” also\n includes transactions involving an automatic renewal or continuous service\n offer by a supplier to a small business, as those terms are defined in §\n 59.1-207.45;\n\n 59. Violating any provision of subsection E of § 32.1-126;\n\n 60. Violating any provision of § 54.1-111 relating to the unlicensed\n practice of a profession licensed under Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.)\n or Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.) of Title 54.1;\n\n 61. Violating any provision of § 2.2-2001.5;\n\n 62. Violating any provision of Chapter 5.2 (§ 54.1-526 et seq.) of Title\n 54.1;\n\n 63. Violating any provision of § 6.2-312;\n\n 64. Violating any provision of Chapter 20.1 (§ 6.2-2026 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 65. Violating any provision of Chapter 26 (§ 6.2-2600 et seq.) of Title\n 6.2;\n\n 66. Violating any provision of Chapter 54 (§ 59.1-586 et seq.);\n\n 67. Knowingly violating any provision of § 8.01-27.5;\n\n 68. Failing to, in accordance with § 59.1-207.46, (i) make available a\n conspicuous online option to cancel a recurring purchase of a good or service\n or (ii) with respect to a free trial lasting more than 30 days, notify a\n consumer of his option to cancel such free trial within 30 days of the end of\n the trial period to avoid an obligation to pay for the goods or services;\n\n 69. Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption,\n orally or by inhalation, that contains a synthetic derivative of\n tetrahydrocannabinol. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic\n derivative” means a chemical compound produced by man through a chemical\n transformation to turn a compound into a different compound by adding or\n subtracting molecules to or from the original compound. This subdivision shall\n not (i) apply to products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and\n Drug Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et\n seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16\n (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;\n\n 70. Selling or offering for sale to a person younger than 21 years of age any\n substance intended for human consumption, orally or by inhalation, that\n contains tetrahydrocannabinol. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to\n products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug\n Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et\n seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16\n (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;\n\n 71. Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption,\n orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol, unless such\n substance is (i) contained in child-resistant packaging, as defined in §\n 4.1-600; (ii) equipped with a label that states, in English and in a font no\n less than 1\/16 of an inch, (a) that the substance contains\n tetrahydrocannabinol and may not be sold to persons younger than 21 years of\n age, (b) all ingredients contained in the substance, (c) the amount of such\n substance that constitutes a single serving, and (d) the total percentage and\n milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol included in the substance and the number of\n milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol that are contained in each serving; and\n (iii) accompanied by a certificate of analysis, produced by an independent\n laboratory that is accredited pursuant to standard ISO\/IEC 17025 of the\n International Organization of Standardization by a third-party accrediting\n body, that states the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the substance or\n the tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the batch from which the substance\n originates. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to products that are approved\n for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and scheduled in the\n Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or (ii) be construed to prohibit\n any conduct permitted under Chapter 16 (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1;\n\n 72. Manufacturing, offering for sale at retail, or selling at retail an\n industrial hemp extract, as defined in § 3.2-5145.1, a food containing an\n industrial hemp extract, or a substance containing tetrahydrocannabinol that\n depicts or is in the shape of a human, animal, vehicle, or fruit;\n\n 73. Selling or offering for sale any substance intended for human consumption,\n orally or by inhalation, that contains tetrahydrocannabinol and, without\n authorization, bears, is packaged in a container or wrapper that bears, or is\n otherwise labeled to bear the trademark, trade name, famous mark as defined in\n 15 U.S.C. § 1125, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device, or any\n likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor of a\n product intended for human consumption other than the manufacturer, processor,\n packer, or distributor that did in fact so manufacture, process, pack, or\n distribute such substance;\n\n 74. Selling or offering for sale a topical hemp product, as defined in §\n 3.2-4112, that does not include a label stating that the product is not\n intended for human consumption. This subdivision shall not (i) apply to\n products that are approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug\n Administration and scheduled in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et\n seq.), (ii) be construed to prohibit any conduct permitted under Chapter 16\n (§ 4.1-1600 et seq.) of Title 4.1, or (iii) apply to topical hemp\n products that were manufactured prior to July 1, 2023, provided that the\n person provides documentation of the date of manufacture if requested;\n\n 75. Violating any provision of § 59.1-466.8;\n\n 76. Violating subsection F of § 36-96.3:1;\n\n 77. Selling or offering for sale (i) any kratom product to a person younger\n than 21 years of age or (ii) any kratom product that does not include a label\n listing all ingredients and with the following guidance: “This product\n may be harmful to your health, has not been evaluated by the FDA, and is not\n intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.” As used in\n this subdivision, “kratom” means any part of the leaf of the plant\n Mitragyna speciosa or any extract thereof;\n\n 78. Advertising of any ignition interlock system in Virginia by an ignition\n interlock vendor not approved by the Commission on the Virginia Alcohol Safety\n Action Program to operate in Virginia; targeted advertising of any ignition\n interlock system to a person before determination of guilt; and any\n advertising, whether before or after determination of guilt, without a\n conspicuous statement that such advertisement is not affiliated with any\n government agency. For purposes of this subdivision, “ignition interlock\n system” has the same meaning as ascribed to that term in §\n 18.2-270.1 and “targeted advertising” has the same meaning\n ascribed to that term in § 59.1-575 and includes direct mailings to an\n individual. This provision shall not apply to ignition interlock service\n vendor ads, pamphlets, or kiosk advertisements approved by the Commission on\n the Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program and provided at a\n Commission-approved location;\n\n 79. Failing to disclose the total cost of a good or continuous service, as\n defined in § 59.1-207.45, to a consumer, including any mandatory fees or\n charges, prior to entering into an agreement for the sale of any such good or\n provision of any such continuous service;\n\n 80. Violating any provision of the Unfair Real Estate Service Agreement Act\n (§ 55.1-3200 et seq.);\n\n 81. Selling or offering for sale services as a professional mold remediator to\n be performed upon any residential dwelling without holding a mold remediation\n certification from a nationally or internationally recognized certifying body\n for mold remediation, and failing to comply with (i) the U.S. Environmental\n Protection Agency’s publication on Mold Remediation in Schools and\n Commercial Buildings, as revised; (ii) the ANSI\/IICRC S520 Standard for\n Professional Mold Remediation, as revised; or (iii) any other equivalent\n ANSI-accredited mold remediation standard, when conducting or offering to\n conduct mold remediation in the Commonwealth;\n\n 82. Willfully violating any provision of § 59.1-444.4;\n\n 83. Violating any provision of Chapter 23.2 (§ 59.1-293.10 et seq.);\n\n 84. Selling any food that is required by the FDA to have a nutrition label\n that does not meet the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 101;\n\n 85. Obtaining, disclosing, selling, or disseminating any personally\n identifiable reproductive or sexual health information without the consent of\n the consumer;\n\n 86. Violating any provision of Chapter 58 (§ 59.1-607 et seq.); and\n\n 87. (Effective July 1, 2026) Violating any provision of the Medical Debt\n Protection Act (§ 59.1-611 et seq.).\n\nB. Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate or make\nunenforceable any contract or lease solely by reason of the failure of such\ncontract or lease to comply with any other law of the Commonwealth or any\nfederal statute or regulation, to the extent such other law, statute, or\nregulation provides that a violation of such law, statute, or regulation shall\nnot invalidate or make unenforceable such contract or lease.\n\nHISTORY: 1977, c. 635; 1979, c. 304; 1981, c. 205; 1983, c. 173; 1986, c. 432;\n1987, cc. 462 to 464; 1988, cc. 24, 534; 1989, cc. 689, 703; 1990, c. 584; 1991,\ncc. 300, 605, 608, 630, 654; 1992, cc. 278, 545, 768; 1993, cc. 455, 760; 1994,\ncc. 261, 400, 655; 1995, c. 10; 1998, c. 848; 2000, cc. 880, 901; 2002, cc. 217,\n897; 2003, cc. 800, 1003; 2004, cc. 784, 790, 798, 817; 2005, cc. 269, 303, 640,\n861; 2006, c. 399; 2008, cc. 294, 791, 842; 2009, cc. 321, 359, 376, 699, 700;\n2010, cc. 477, 713; 2011, c. 615; 2014, cc. 396, 459; 2016, c. 591; 2017, cc.\n11, 16, 727; 2018, cc. 299, 704; 2019, cc. 291, 292, 521; 2020, cc. 412, 438,\n481, 785, 1198, 1215, 1250, 1258; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 485; 2022, cc. 351, 557;\n2022, Sp. Sess. I, c. 2; 2023, cc. 304, 305, 439, 596, 688, 740, 744, 773, 794;\n2023, Sp. Sess. I, c. 1; 2024, cc. 328, 362, 452, 476, 549, 747, 751, 793, 828;\n2025, cc. 251, 342, 591, 685, 686, 692.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}