{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-41.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-41.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-41.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-41.1.html"}],"law_id":65276,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65276,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.1","catch_line":"“Owner” defined","history":"1972, c. 618; 1989, c. 240.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, “owner” means the person who owns the sounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films, videocassettes, or other articles now known or later developed on which sound is recorded and from which the transferred sounds are directly or indirectly derived, or the person who owns the rights to record or authorize the recording of a live performance.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":237404,"text":"As used in this chapter, “owner” means the person who owns the sounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films, videocassettes, or other articles now known or later developed on which sound is recorded and from which the transferred sounds are directly or indirectly derived, or the person who owns the rights to record or authorize the recording of a live performance.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15940,"edition_id":1,"name":"Records, Tapes and Other Recorded Devices","identifier":"3.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:02:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:02:21","permalink":{"id":261275,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15940,"identifier":"3.1","token":"59.1\/3.1","url":"\/59.1\/3.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":65276,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.1","catch_line":"\"Owner\" defined","url":"\/59.1-41.1\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.1","metadata":false},{"id":82670,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.2","catch_line":"Recording of live concerts or recorded sounds and distribution, etc., of such recordings unlawful in certain circumstances","url":"\/59.1-41.2\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.2","metadata":false},{"id":87049,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.3","catch_line":"Selling or renting, etc., of certain recorded devices unlawful","url":"\/59.1-41.3\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.3","metadata":false},{"id":77278,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.4","catch_line":"Recorded devices to show true name of manufacturer","url":"\/59.1-41.4\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.4","metadata":false},{"id":64011,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.5","catch_line":"Confiscation of nonconforming recorded devices","url":"\/59.1-41.5\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.5","metadata":false},{"id":61987,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.6","catch_line":"Penalties for violation of chapter","url":"\/59.1-41.6\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.6","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":82670,"structure_id":15940,"section_number":"59.1-41.2","catch_line":"Recording of live concerts or recorded sounds and distribution, etc., of such recordings unlawful in certain circumstances","url":"\/59.1-41.2\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-41.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 618 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1989, chapter 240.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58272,"section_number":"59.1-466","catch_line":"Exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-466\/"},{"id":72250,"section_number":"59.1-68.2","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-68.2\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261277,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65276,"identifier":"59.1-41.1","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.1","url":"\/59.1-41.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-41.1\/","token":"59.1\/3.1\/59.1-41.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"“Owner” defined","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-41.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, “owner” means the person who owns the sounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films, videocassettes, or other articles now known or later developed on which sound is recorded and from which the transferred sounds are directly or indirectly derived, or the person who owns the rights to record or authorize the recording of a live performance.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n“OWNER” DEFINED (\u00a7 59.1-41.1)\n\nAs used in this chapter, “owner” means the person who owns the\nsounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master\nfilm or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records,\ndiscs, tapes, films, videocassettes, or other articles now known or later\ndeveloped on which sound is recorded and from which the transferred sounds are\ndirectly or indirectly derived, or the person who owns the rights to record or\nauthorize the recording of a live performance.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 618; 1989, c. 240.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}