{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-442.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-442.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-442.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-442.html"}],"law_id":53997,"edition_id":1,"section_id":53997,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-442","catch_line":"Sale of purchaser information; notice required","history":"1992, c. 807; 2014, cc. 789, 795; 2020, cc. 1227, 1246.","full_text":"A\n\nNo merchant, without giving notice to the purchaser, shall sell to any third person information that concerns the purchaser and that is gathered in connection with the sale, rental, or exchange of tangible personal property to the purchaser at the merchant’s place of business. Notice required by this section may be by the posting of a sign or any other reasonable method. If requested by a purchaser not to sell such information, the merchant shall not do so. No merchant shall sell any information gathered solely as the result of any customer payment by personal check, credit card, or where the merchant records the number of the customer’s driver’s license or other document issued under Chapter 3 (§ 46.2-300 et seq.) of Title 46.2 or the comparable law of another jurisdiction. This subsection shall not be construed as authorizing a merchant to sell to a third person any information concerning a purchaser if the sale or dissemination of the information is prohibited pursuant to § 59.1-443.3.B\n\nFor the purposes of this section and § 59.1-443.3, “merchant” means any person or entity engaged in the sale of goods from a fixed retail location in Virginia.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":198265,"text":"No merchant, without giving notice to the purchaser, shall sell to any third person information that concerns the purchaser and that is gathered in connection with the sale, rental, or exchange of tangible personal property to the purchaser at the merchant’s place of business. Notice required by this section may be by the posting of a sign or any other reasonable method. If requested by a purchaser not to sell such information, the merchant shall not do so. No merchant shall sell any information gathered solely as the result of any customer payment by personal check, credit card, or where the merchant records the number of the customer’s driver’s license or other document issued under Chapter 3 (§ 46.2-300 et seq.) of Title 46.2 or the comparable law of another jurisdiction. This subsection shall not be construed as authorizing a merchant to sell to a third person any information concerning a purchaser if the sale or dissemination of the information is prohibited pursuant to § 59.1-443.3.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":198266,"text":"For the purposes of this section and § 59.1-443.3, “merchant” means any person or entity engaged in the sale of goods from a fixed retail location in Virginia.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12862,"edition_id":1,"name":"Personal Information Privacy Act","identifier":"35","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","permalink":{"id":261523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12862,"identifier":"35","token":"59.1\/35","url":"\/59.1\/35\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":53997,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-442","catch_line":"Sale of purchaser information; notice required","url":"\/59.1-442\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-442","metadata":false},{"id":71438,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-443","catch_line":"Exceptions","url":"\/59.1-443\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-443","metadata":false},{"id":70216,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-443.1","catch_line":"Recording date of birth as condition of accepting checks prohibited","url":"\/59.1-443.1\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-443.1","metadata":false},{"id":81199,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-443.2","catch_line":"Restricted use of social security numbers","url":"\/59.1-443.2\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-443.2","metadata":false},{"id":77636,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-443.3","catch_line":"Scanning information from driver's license or other document; retention, sale, or dissemination of information","url":"\/59.1-443.3\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-443.3","metadata":false},{"id":65449,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-444","catch_line":"Damages","url":"\/59.1-444\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-444","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":71438,"structure_id":12862,"section_number":"59.1-443","catch_line":"Exceptions","url":"\/59.1-443\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-443","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-442\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1992. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 807 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1992 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2014, chapters 789<\/a> and 795<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 1227<\/a> and 1246<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":71438,"section_number":"59.1-443","catch_line":"Exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-443\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":61610,"section_number":"46.2-300","catch_line":"Driving without license prohibited; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-300\/"},{"id":77636,"section_number":"59.1-443.3","catch_line":"Scanning information from driver's license or other document; retention, sale, or dissemination of information","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-443.3\/"}],"permalink":{"id":261525,"object_type":"law","relational_id":53997,"identifier":"59.1-442","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-442","url":"\/59.1-442\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-442\/","token":"59.1\/35\/59.1-442","dublin_core":{"Title":"Sale of purchaser information; notice required","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-442","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> No merchant<\/span>, without giving notice to the purchaser, shall sell to any third person information that concerns the purchaser and that is gathered in connection with the sale, rental, or exchange of tangible personal property to the purchaser at the merchant<\/span>’s place of business. Notice required by this section may be by the posting of a sign or any other reasonable method. If requested by a purchaser not to sell such information, the merchant<\/span> shall not do so. No merchant<\/span> shall sell any information gathered solely as the result of any customer payment by personal check, credit card, or where the merchant<\/span> records the number of the customer’s driver’s license or other document issued under Chapter 3 (§ 46.2-300<\/a> et seq.) of Title 46.2 or the comparable law<\/span> of another jurisdiction<\/span>. This subsection shall not be construed as authorizing a merchant<\/span> to sell to a third person any information concerning a purchaser if the sale or dissemination of the information is prohibited pursuant to § 59.1-443.3<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> For the purposes of this section and § 59.1-443.3<\/a>, “merchant<\/span>” means any person or entity engaged in the sale of goods from a fixed retail location in Virginia. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSALE OF PURCHASER INFORMATION; NOTICE REQUIRED (\u00a7 59.1-442)\n\nA. No merchant, without giving notice to the purchaser, shall sell to any third\nperson information that concerns the purchaser and that is gathered in\nconnection with the sale, rental, or exchange of tangible personal property to\nthe purchaser at the merchant’s place of business. Notice required by this\nsection may be by the posting of a sign or any other reasonable method. If\nrequested by a purchaser not to sell such information, the merchant shall not do\nso. No merchant shall sell any information gathered solely as the result of any\ncustomer payment by personal check, credit card, or where the merchant records\nthe number of the customer’s driver’s license or other document\nissued under Chapter 3 (§ 46.2-300 et seq.) of Title 46.2 or the comparable\nlaw of another jurisdiction. This subsection shall not be construed as\nauthorizing a merchant to sell to a third person any information concerning a\npurchaser if the sale or dissemination of the information is prohibited pursuant\nto § 59.1-443.3.\n\nB. For the purposes of this section and § 59.1-443.3,\n“merchant” means any person or entity engaged in the sale of goods\nfrom a fixed retail location in Virginia.\n\nHISTORY: 1992, c. 807; 2014, cc. 789, 795; 2020, cc. 1227, 1246.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}