{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-451.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-451.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-451.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-451.html"}],"law_id":56038,"edition_id":1,"section_id":56038,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-451","catch_line":"Investigations","history":"1993, c. 760.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Commissioner may, with respect to a travel club or travel services agreements:1\n\nMake necessary public and private investigations within or without this Commonwealth to determine whether any person has violated, or is about to violate, the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to this chapter;2\n\nRequire or permit any person to file a statement in writing, under oath or otherwise as the Commissioner determines, as to all facts and circumstances concerning the matter under investigation; and3\n\nAdminister oaths or affirmations and, upon motion or upon request of any party, may subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any matter that is relevant to the investigation, including the existence, description, nature, custody, condition, and location of any books, documents, or other tangible things; the identity and location of persons having knowledge of relevant facts; or any other matter reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of material evidence.B\n\nAny proceeding or hearing of the Commissioner pursuant to this chapter, in which witnesses are subpoenaed and their attendance required for evidence to be taken, or any matter produced to ascertain material evidence shall take place within the City of Richmond.C\n\nIf any person fails to obey the subpoena or to answer questions propounded by the Commissioner and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the Commissioner may apply to the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond for an order compelling compliance.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":205412,"text":"The Commissioner may, with respect to a travel club or travel services agreements:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":205413,"text":"Make necessary public and private investigations within or without this Commonwealth to determine whether any person has violated, or is about to violate, the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to this chapter;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":205414,"text":"Require or permit any person to file a statement in writing, under oath or otherwise as the Commissioner determines, as to all facts and circumstances concerning the matter under investigation; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":205415,"text":"Administer oaths or affirmations and, upon motion or upon request of any party, may subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any matter that is relevant to the investigation, including the existence, description, nature, custody, condition, and location of any books, documents, or other tangible things; the identity and location of persons having knowledge of relevant facts; or any other matter reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of material evidence.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":205416,"text":"Any proceeding or hearing of the Commissioner pursuant to this chapter, in which witnesses are subpoenaed and their attendance required for evidence to be taken, or any matter produced to ascertain material evidence shall take place within the City of Richmond.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":205417,"text":"If any person fails to obey the subpoena or to answer questions propounded by the Commissioner and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the Commissioner may apply to the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond for an order compelling compliance.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14566,"edition_id":1,"name":"The Virginia Travel Club Act","identifier":"36","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:41","permalink":{"id":261567,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14566,"identifier":"36","token":"59.1\/36","url":"\/59.1\/36\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64127,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-445","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-445\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-445","metadata":false},{"id":71095,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-446","catch_line":"Registration; fees","url":"\/59.1-446\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-446","metadata":false},{"id":83462,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-447","catch_line":"Bond or letter of credit required","url":"\/59.1-447\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-447","metadata":false},{"id":66700,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-447.1","catch_line":"Escrow of deposits","url":"\/59.1-447.1\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-447.1","metadata":false},{"id":82812,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-448","catch_line":"Travel services agreement; disclosure","url":"\/59.1-448\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-448","metadata":false},{"id":63408,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-448.1","catch_line":"Public offering statement","url":"\/59.1-448.1\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-448.1","metadata":false},{"id":59498,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-449","catch_line":"Prohibited practices by travel club","url":"\/59.1-449\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-449","metadata":false},{"id":62003,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-450","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/59.1-450\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-450","metadata":false},{"id":56038,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-451","catch_line":"Investigations","url":"\/59.1-451\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-451","metadata":false},{"id":86084,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-452","catch_line":"Production of records","url":"\/59.1-452\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-452","metadata":false},{"id":61393,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-453","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/59.1-453\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-453","metadata":false},{"id":61094,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-454","catch_line":"Violations of chapter; penalty","url":"\/59.1-454\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-454","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":62003,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-450","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/59.1-450\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-450","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86084,"structure_id":14566,"section_number":"59.1-452","catch_line":"Production of records","url":"\/59.1-452\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-452","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-451\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 760 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261601,"object_type":"law","relational_id":56038,"identifier":"59.1-451","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-451","url":"\/59.1-451\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-451\/","token":"59.1\/36\/59.1-451","dublin_core":{"Title":"Investigations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-451","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Commissioner<\/span> may, with respect to a travel club<\/span> or travel services agreements<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Make necessary public and private investigations within or without this Commonwealth to determine whether any person has violated, or is about to violate, the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order<\/span> issued pursuant to this chapter; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Require or permit any person to file a statement in writing, under oath<\/span> or otherwise as the Commissioner<\/span> determines, as to all facts<\/span> and circumstances concerning the matter under investigation; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Administer oaths<\/span> or affirmations and, upon motion<\/span> or upon request of any party<\/span>, may subpoena<\/span> witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence<\/span>, and require the production of any matter that is relevant to the investigation, including the existence, description, nature, custody<\/span>, condition, and location of any books, documents, or other tangible things; the identity and location of persons having knowledge of relevant facts<\/span>; or any other matter reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery<\/span> of material<\/span> evidence<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any proceeding or hearing<\/span> of the Commissioner<\/span> pursuant to this chapter, in which witnesses are subpoenaed and their attendance required for evidence<\/span> to be taken, or any matter produced to ascertain material<\/span> evidence<\/span> shall take place within the City of Richmond. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> If any person fails to obey the subpoena<\/span> or to answer questions propounded by the Commissioner<\/span> and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the Commissioner<\/span> may apply to the Circuit<\/span> Court<\/span> of the City of Richmond for an order<\/span> compelling compliance. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nINVESTIGATIONS (\u00a7 59.1-451)\n\nA. The Commissioner may, with respect to a travel club or travel services\nagreements:\n\n 1. Make necessary public and private investigations within or without this\n Commonwealth to determine whether any person has violated, or is about to\n violate, the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order\n issued pursuant to this chapter;\n\n 2. Require or permit any person to file a statement in writing, under oath or\n otherwise as the Commissioner determines, as to all facts and circumstances\n concerning the matter under investigation; and\n\n 3. Administer oaths or affirmations and, upon motion or upon request of any\n party, may subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and\n require the production of any matter that is relevant to the investigation,\n including the existence, description, nature, custody, condition, and location\n of any books, documents, or other tangible things; the identity and location\n of persons having knowledge of relevant facts; or any other matter reasonably\n calculated to lead to the discovery of material evidence.\n\nB. Any proceeding or hearing of the Commissioner pursuant to this chapter, in\nwhich witnesses are subpoenaed and their attendance required for evidence to be\ntaken, or any matter produced to ascertain material evidence shall take place\nwithin the City of Richmond.\n\nC. If any person fails to obey the subpoena or to answer questions propounded by\nthe Commissioner and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the\nCommissioner may apply to the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond for an order\ncompelling compliance.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, c. 760.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}