{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-480.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-480.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-480.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-480.html"}],"law_id":69066,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69066,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-480","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2000, c. 995; 2005, c. 417.","full_text":"As used in this chapter:\n\n1\n\n“Agreement” means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations, and procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to a particular transaction.2\n\n“Automated transaction” means a transaction conducted or performed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records, in which the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course in forming a contract, performing under an existing contract, or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction.3\n\n“Computer program” means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in an information processing system in order to bring about a certain result.4\n\n“Contract” means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties’ agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law.5\n\n“Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.6\n\n“Electronic agent” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to electronic records or performances in whole or in part, without review or action by an individual.7\n\n“Electronic record” means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means.8\n\n“Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.9\n\n“Information” means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software, databases, or the like.10\n\n“Information processing system” means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information.11\n\n“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity.12\n\n“Public body” shall have the same meaning as defined in § 2.2-3701 and shall also include locally elected constitutional officers, and anyone performing the duties of locally elected constitutional officers.13\n\n“Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.14\n\n“Security procedure” means a procedure employed for the purpose of verifying that an electronic signature, record, or performance is that of a specific person or for detecting changes or errors in the information in an electronic record. The term includes a procedure that requires the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, or callback or other acknowledgment procedures.15\n\n“State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes an Indian tribe or band, or an Alaskan native village, which is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.16\n\n“Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":250000,"text":"As used in this chapter:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":250001,"text":"“Agreement” means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations, and procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to a particular transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":250002,"text":"“Automated transaction” means a transaction conducted or performed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records, in which the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course in forming a contract, performing under an existing contract, or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":250003,"text":"“Computer program” means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in an information processing system in order to bring about a certain result.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":250004,"text":"“Contract” means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties’ agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":250005,"text":"“Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":250006,"text":"“Electronic agent” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to electronic records or performances in whole or in part, without review or action by an individual.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":250007,"text":"“Electronic record” means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":250008,"text":"“Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"9":{"id":250009,"text":"“Information” means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software, databases, or the like.","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"10"},"10":{"id":250010,"text":"“Information processing system” means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information.","type":"section","prefixes":["10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"10","prefix_anchor":"10","level":1,"prior_prefix":"9","next_prefix":"11"},"11":{"id":250011,"text":"“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity.","type":"section","prefixes":["11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"11","prefix_anchor":"11","level":1,"prior_prefix":"10","next_prefix":"12"},"12":{"id":250012,"text":"“Public body” shall have the same meaning as defined in § 2.2-3701 and shall also include locally elected constitutional officers, and anyone performing the duties of locally elected constitutional officers.","type":"section","prefixes":["12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"12","prefix_anchor":"12","level":1,"prior_prefix":"11","next_prefix":"13"},"13":{"id":250013,"text":"“Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.","type":"section","prefixes":["13"],"prefix":"13","entire_prefix":"13","prefix_anchor":"13","level":1,"prior_prefix":"12","next_prefix":"14"},"14":{"id":250014,"text":"“Security procedure” means a procedure employed for the purpose of verifying that an electronic signature, record, or performance is that of a specific person or for detecting changes or errors in the information in an electronic record. The term includes a procedure that requires the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, or callback or other acknowledgment procedures.","type":"section","prefixes":["14"],"prefix":"14","entire_prefix":"14","prefix_anchor":"14","level":1,"prior_prefix":"13","next_prefix":"15"},"15":{"id":250015,"text":"“State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes an Indian tribe or band, or an Alaskan native village, which is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.","type":"section","prefixes":["15"],"prefix":"15","entire_prefix":"15","prefix_anchor":"15","level":1,"prior_prefix":"14","next_prefix":"16"},"16":{"id":250016,"text":"“Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs.","type":"section","prefixes":["16"],"prefix":"16","entire_prefix":"16","prefix_anchor":"16","level":1,"prior_prefix":"15"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13070,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Electronic Transactions Act","identifier":"42.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:14","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:14","permalink":{"id":261803,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13070,"identifier":"42.1","token":"59.1\/42.1","url":"\/59.1\/42.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60668,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-479","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-479\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-479","metadata":false},{"id":69066,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-480","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-480\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-480","metadata":false},{"id":55598,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-481","catch_line":"Scope","url":"\/59.1-481\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-481","metadata":false},{"id":78087,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-482","catch_line":"Prospective application","url":"\/59.1-482\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-482","metadata":false},{"id":66518,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-483","catch_line":"Use of electronic records and electronic signatures; variation by agreement","url":"\/59.1-483\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-483","metadata":false},{"id":71849,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-484","catch_line":"Construction and application","url":"\/59.1-484\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-484","metadata":false},{"id":66728,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-485","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts","url":"\/59.1-485\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-485","metadata":false},{"id":64043,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-486","catch_line":"Provision of information in writing; presentation of records","url":"\/59.1-486\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-486","metadata":false},{"id":61402,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-487","catch_line":"Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature","url":"\/59.1-487\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-487","metadata":false},{"id":79682,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-488","catch_line":"Effect of change or error","url":"\/59.1-488\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-488","metadata":false},{"id":62569,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-489","catch_line":"Notarization and acknowledgment","url":"\/59.1-489\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-489","metadata":false},{"id":71153,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-490","catch_line":"Retention of electronic record","url":"\/59.1-490\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-490","metadata":false},{"id":64820,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-491","catch_line":"Admissibility of evidence","url":"\/59.1-491\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-491","metadata":false},{"id":54123,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-492","catch_line":"Automated transactions","url":"\/59.1-492\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-492","metadata":false},{"id":67829,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-493","catch_line":"Time and place of sending and receipt","url":"\/59.1-493\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-493","metadata":false},{"id":71683,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-494","catch_line":"Transferable records","url":"\/59.1-494\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-494","metadata":false},{"id":64263,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-495","catch_line":"Creation and retention of electronic records and conversion of written records by public bodies of the Commonwealth","url":"\/59.1-495\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-495","metadata":false},{"id":81914,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-496","catch_line":"Acceptance and distribution of electronic records by public bodies; electronic filing of information permitted","url":"\/59.1-496\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-496","metadata":false},{"id":85254,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-497","catch_line":"Interoperability","url":"\/59.1-497\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-497","metadata":false},{"id":79229,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-498","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-498\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-498","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":60668,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-479","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-479\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-479","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":55598,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-481","catch_line":"Scope","url":"\/59.1-481\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-481","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-480\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 995<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2005, chapter 417<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":65011,"section_number":"13.1-1002","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1002\/"},{"id":58438,"section_number":"17.1-258.2","catch_line":"Definition","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-258.2\/"},{"id":78769,"section_number":"19.2-54","catch_line":"Affidavit preliminary to issuance of search warrant; general search warrant prohibited; effect of failure to file affidavit","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-54\/"},{"id":68042,"section_number":"19.2-56.2","catch_line":"Application for and issuance of search warrant for a tracking device; installation and use","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-56.2\/"},{"id":64046,"section_number":"2.2-1606","catch_line":"Powers of Director","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1606\/"},{"id":58329,"section_number":"2.2-1617","catch_line":"One-stop small business permitting program","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1617\/"},{"id":66374,"section_number":"2.2-4007.2","catch_line":"Regulations requiring the submission of documents or payments","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4007.2\/"},{"id":69095,"section_number":"55.1-1202","catch_line":"Notice","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1202\/"},{"id":65321,"section_number":"55.1-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1800\/"},{"id":55215,"section_number":"55.1-1900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1900\/"},{"id":74235,"section_number":"6.2-2000","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-2000\/"},{"id":76223,"section_number":"6.2-2026","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-2026\/"},{"id":85673,"section_number":"8.01-271.1","catch_line":"Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-271.1\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":62411,"section_number":"2.2-3701","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3701\/"}],"permalink":{"id":261809,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69066,"identifier":"59.1-480","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-480","url":"\/59.1-480\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-480\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-480","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-480","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “Agreement<\/span>” means the bargain of the parties in fact<\/span>, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations, and procedures given the effect of agreements<\/span> under laws<\/span> otherwise applicable to a particular transaction<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> “Automated transaction<\/span>” means a transaction conducted or performed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records<\/span>, in which the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course in forming a contract<\/span>, performing under an existing contract<\/span>, or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> “Computer program<\/span>” means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in an information processing system<\/span> in order<\/span> to bring about a certain result. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> “Contract<\/span>” means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties’ agreement<\/span> as affected by this chapter and other applicable law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> “Electronic agent<\/span>” means a computer program<\/span> or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to electronic records<\/span> or performances in whole or in part, without review or action by an individual. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> “Electronic record<\/span>” means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> “Electronic signature<\/span>” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person<\/span> with the intent<\/span> to sign the record. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> “Information” means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs<\/span>, software, databases, or the like. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> “Information processing system<\/span>” means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> “Person<\/span>” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> “Public body” shall have the same meaning as defined in § 2.2-3701<\/a> and shall also include locally elected constitutional officers, and anyone performing the duties of locally elected constitutional officers. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

13.<\/span> “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

14.<\/span> “Security procedure<\/span>” means a procedure employed for the purpose of verifying that an electronic signature<\/span>, record, or performance is that of a specific person<\/span> or for detecting changes or errors in the information in an electronic record<\/span>. The term includes a procedure that requires the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, or callback or other acknowledgment procedures. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

15.<\/span> “State<\/span>” means a state<\/span> of the United States<\/span>, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States<\/span> Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession<\/span> subject to the jurisdiction<\/span> of the United States<\/span>. The term includes an Indian tribe or band, or an Alaskan native village, which is recognized by federal law<\/span> or formally acknowledged by a state<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

16.<\/span> “Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons<\/span> relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 59.1-480)\n\nAs used in this chapter:\n\n1. “Agreement” means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in\ntheir language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations,\nand procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to\na particular transaction.\n\n2. “Automated transaction” means a transaction conducted or\nperformed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records, in\nwhich the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an\nindividual in the ordinary course in forming a contract, performing under an\nexisting contract, or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction.\n\n3. “Computer program” means a set of statements or instructions to\nbe used directly or indirectly in an information processing system in order to\nbring about a certain result.\n\n4. “Contract” means the total legal obligation resulting from the\nparties’ agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law.\n\n5. “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical,\ndigital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.\n\n6. “Electronic agent” means a computer program or an electronic or\nother automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to\nelectronic records or performances in whole or in part, without review or action\nby an individual.\n\n7. “Electronic record” means a record created, generated, sent,\ncommunicated, received, or stored by electronic means.\n\n8. “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or\nprocess attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or\nadopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.\n\n9. “Information” means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer\nprograms, software, databases, or the like.\n\n10. “Information processing system” means an electronic system for\ncreating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing\ninformation.\n\n11. “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust,\nestate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint\nventure, public body, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial\nentity.\n\n12. “Public body” shall have the same meaning as defined in §\n2.2-3701 and shall also include locally elected constitutional officers, and\nanyone performing the duties of locally elected constitutional officers.\n\n13. “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible\nmedium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in\nperceivable form.\n\n14. “Security procedure” means a procedure employed for the purpose\nof verifying that an electronic signature, record, or performance is that of a\nspecific person or for detecting changes or errors in the information in an\nelectronic record. The term includes a procedure that requires the use of\nalgorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, or callback\nor other acknowledgment procedures.\n\n15. “State” means a state of the United States, the District of\nColumbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or\ninsular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term\nincludes an Indian tribe or band, or an Alaskan native village, which is\nrecognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.\n\n16. “Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring\nbetween two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or\ngovernmental affairs.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, c. 995; 2005, c. 417.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}