{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-487.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-487.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-487.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-487.html"}],"law_id":61402,"edition_id":1,"section_id":61402,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-487","catch_line":"Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature","history":"2000, c. 995.","full_text":"a\n\nAn electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable.b\n\nThe effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":224299,"text":"An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":224300,"text":"The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13070,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Electronic Transactions Act","identifier":"42.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:14","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:14","permalink":{"id":261803,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13070,"identifier":"42.1","token":"59.1\/42.1","url":"\/59.1\/42.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60668,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-479","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-479\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-479","metadata":false},{"id":69066,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-480","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-480\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-480","metadata":false},{"id":55598,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-481","catch_line":"Scope","url":"\/59.1-481\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-481","metadata":false},{"id":78087,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-482","catch_line":"Prospective application","url":"\/59.1-482\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-482","metadata":false},{"id":66518,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-483","catch_line":"Use of electronic records and electronic signatures; variation by agreement","url":"\/59.1-483\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-483","metadata":false},{"id":71849,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-484","catch_line":"Construction and application","url":"\/59.1-484\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-484","metadata":false},{"id":66728,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-485","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts","url":"\/59.1-485\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-485","metadata":false},{"id":64043,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-486","catch_line":"Provision of information in writing; presentation of records","url":"\/59.1-486\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-486","metadata":false},{"id":61402,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-487","catch_line":"Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature","url":"\/59.1-487\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-487","metadata":false},{"id":79682,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-488","catch_line":"Effect of change or error","url":"\/59.1-488\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-488","metadata":false},{"id":62569,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-489","catch_line":"Notarization and acknowledgment","url":"\/59.1-489\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-489","metadata":false},{"id":71153,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-490","catch_line":"Retention of electronic record","url":"\/59.1-490\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-490","metadata":false},{"id":64820,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-491","catch_line":"Admissibility of evidence","url":"\/59.1-491\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-491","metadata":false},{"id":54123,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-492","catch_line":"Automated transactions","url":"\/59.1-492\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-492","metadata":false},{"id":67829,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-493","catch_line":"Time and place of sending and receipt","url":"\/59.1-493\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-493","metadata":false},{"id":71683,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-494","catch_line":"Transferable records","url":"\/59.1-494\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-494","metadata":false},{"id":64263,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-495","catch_line":"Creation and retention of electronic records and conversion of written records by public bodies of the Commonwealth","url":"\/59.1-495\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-495","metadata":false},{"id":81914,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-496","catch_line":"Acceptance and distribution of electronic records by public bodies; electronic filing of information permitted","url":"\/59.1-496\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-496","metadata":false},{"id":85254,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-497","catch_line":"Interoperability","url":"\/59.1-497\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-497","metadata":false},{"id":79229,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-498","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-498\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-498","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64043,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-486","catch_line":"Provision of information in writing; presentation of records","url":"\/59.1-486\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-486","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":79682,"structure_id":13070,"section_number":"59.1-488","catch_line":"Effect of change or error","url":"\/59.1-488\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-488","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-487\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 995<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261837,"object_type":"law","relational_id":61402,"identifier":"59.1-487","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-487","url":"\/59.1-487\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-487\/","token":"59.1\/42.1\/59.1-487","dublin_core":{"Title":"Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-487","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> An electronic record<\/span> or electronic signature<\/span> is attributable to a person<\/span> if it was the act of the person<\/span>. The act of the person<\/span> may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure<\/span> applied to determine the person<\/span> to which the electronic record<\/span> or electronic signature<\/span> was attributable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> The effect of an electronic record<\/span> or electronic signature<\/span> attributed to a person<\/span> under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement<\/span>, if any, and otherwise as provided by law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nATTRIBUTION AND EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC RECORD AND ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE (\u00a7\n59.1-487)\n\na. An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if\nit was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner,\nincluding a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to\ndetermine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was\nattributable.\n\nb. The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a\nperson under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding\ncircumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the\nparties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, c. 995.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}