{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-501.12.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-501.12.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-501.12.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-501.12.html"}],"law_id":72667,"edition_id":1,"section_id":72667,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.12","catch_line":"Manifesting assent","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763; 2004, c. 794.","full_text":"a\n\nA person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a copy of it:1\n\nauthenticates the record or term with intent to adopt or accept it; or2\n\nintentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know that the other party or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or statement that the person assents to the record or term.b\n\nAn electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an opportunity to review it, the electronic agent:1\n\nauthenticates the record or term; or2\n\nengages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the record or term.c\n\nIf this chapter or other law requires assent to a specific term, a manifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term.d\n\nConduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner, including showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the information or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a person or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in order to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if there is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by electronic means.e\n\nThe effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.f\n\nProviders of online services, network access, and telecommunications services, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a contractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other parties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing connections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage of materials at the request or initiation of a person other than the service provider.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":261578,"text":"A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a copy of it:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":261579,"text":"authenticates the record or term with intent to adopt or accept it; or","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":261580,"text":"intentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know that the other party or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or statement that the person assents to the record or term.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"b"},"3":{"id":261581,"text":"An electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an opportunity to review it, the electronic agent:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b1"},"4":{"id":261582,"text":"authenticates the record or term; or","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"5":{"id":261583,"text":"engages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the record or term.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"c"},"6":{"id":261584,"text":"If this chapter or other law requires assent to a specific term, a manifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"d"},"7":{"id":261585,"text":"Conduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner, including showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the information or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a person or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in order to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if there is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by electronic means.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"e"},"8":{"id":261586,"text":"The effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"f"},"9":{"id":261587,"text":"Providers of online services, network access, and telecommunications services, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a contractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other parties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing connections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage of materials at the request or initiation of a person other than the service provider.","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15005,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","permalink":{"id":261887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15005,"identifier":"1","token":"59.1\/43\/1","url":"\/59.1\/43\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87403,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.1","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-501.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.1","metadata":false},{"id":69535,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.10","catch_line":"Contractual choice of forum","url":"\/59.1-501.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.10","metadata":false},{"id":61969,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.11","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or term","url":"\/59.1-501.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.11","metadata":false},{"id":72667,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.12","catch_line":"Manifesting assent","url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","metadata":false},{"id":59103,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13","metadata":false},{"id":80445,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13:1","catch_line":"Opportunity to review","url":"\/59.1-501.13_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13_1","metadata":false},{"id":84229,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14","metadata":false},{"id":78044,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14:1","catch_line":"Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions","url":"\/59.1-501.14_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14_1","metadata":false},{"id":87480,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.15","metadata":false},{"id":84252,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.16","catch_line":"Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.16\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.16","metadata":false},{"id":78606,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.17","catch_line":"Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know","url":"\/59.1-501.17\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.17","metadata":false},{"id":65262,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.18","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-501.18\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.18","metadata":false},{"id":76155,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.2","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-501.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.2","metadata":false},{"id":57221,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.3","catch_line":"Scope; exclusions","url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","metadata":false},{"id":58948,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},{"id":57410,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4:1","catch_line":"Consumer protection law governs","url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","metadata":false},{"id":63386,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},{"id":77805,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.6","catch_line":"Rule of construction","url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","metadata":false},{"id":82284,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.7","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-501.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.7","metadata":false},{"id":63380,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.8","catch_line":"Proof and effect of authentication","url":"\/59.1-501.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.8","metadata":false},{"id":58664,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.9","catch_line":"Choice of law","url":"\/59.1-501.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":61969,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.11","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or term","url":"\/59.1-501.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.11","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59103,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-501.12\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2001, chapter 763<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 794<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":87480,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-501.15\/"},{"id":80284,"section_number":"59.1-502.9","catch_line":"Mass-market license","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-502.9\/"},{"id":82275,"section_number":"59.1-503.10","catch_line":"Licenses to nonprofit libraries, archives or educational institutions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-503.10\/"},{"id":59517,"section_number":"59.1-506.13","catch_line":"Contracts involving publishers, dealers, and end users","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-506.13\/"},{"id":69891,"section_number":"59.1-508.16","catch_line":"Limitations on electronic self-help","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-508.16\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261901,"object_type":"law","relational_id":72667,"identifier":"59.1-501.12","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","dublin_core":{"Title":"Manifesting assent","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-501.12","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a copy of it: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> authenticates the record or term with intent<\/span> to adopt or accept it; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> intentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know that the other party<\/span> or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or statement that the person assents to the record or term. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> An electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an opportunity to review it, the electronic agent: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> authenticates the record or term; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> engages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the record or term. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> If this chapter or other law<\/span> requires assent to a specific term, a manifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> Conduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner, including showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the information or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a person or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in order<\/span> to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if there is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by electronic means. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> The effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> Providers of online services, network access, and telecommunications services, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a contractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other parties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing connections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage of materials<\/span> at the request or initiation of a person other than the service provider. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMANIFESTING ASSENT (\u00a7 59.1-501.12)\n\na. A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with\nknowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a\ncopy of it:\n\n 1. authenticates the record or term with intent to adopt or accept it; or\n\n 2. intentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know\n that the other party or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or\n statement that the person assents to the record or term.\n\nb. An electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an\nopportunity to review it, the electronic agent:\n\n 1. authenticates the record or term; or\n\n 2. engages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the\n record or term.\n\nc. If this chapter or other law requires assent to a specific term, a\nmanifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term.\n\nd. Conduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner,\nincluding showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the\ninformation or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a\nperson or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in\norder to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if\nthere is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by\nelectronic means.\n\ne. The effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement\nsetting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.\n\nf. Providers of online services, network access, and telecommunications\nservices, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a\ncontractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other\nparties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing\nconnections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage\nof materials at the request or initiation of a person other than the service\nprovider.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763; 2004, c. 794.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}