{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-501.4_1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-501.4_1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-501.4_1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-501.4_1.html"}],"law_id":57410,"edition_id":1,"section_id":57410,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4:1","catch_line":"Consumer protection law governs","history":"2004, c. 794.","full_text":"a\n\nIn this section, &#8220;consumer protection law&#8221; means a consumer protection statute, rule, or regulation, or other state executive or legislative action that has the effect of law and any applicable judicial or administrative decisions interpreting those statutes, rules, regulations or actions.b\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in this section, this chapter does not limit, modify or supersede a consumer protection statute, administrative rule, regulation or procedure.c\n\nIf a consumer protection law requires a term to be conspicuous, the standard of conspicuousness under the consumer protection law applies. However, a provision in the consumer protection law requiring a term to be conspicuous does not preclude that term from being presented electronically.d\n\nIf a consumer protection law requires a writing or a signature, a record or authentication suffices.e\n\nIf a consumer protection law addresses assent, consent, or manifestation of assent, the standard of assent, consent, or manifestation of assent under the consumer protection law applies and may be accomplished electronically.f\n\nThe applicability of a consumer protection law is determined by that law as it would have applied in the absence of this chapter.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":210366,"text":"In this section, &#8220;consumer protection law&#8221; means a consumer protection statute, rule, or regulation, or other state executive or legislative action that has the effect of law and any applicable judicial or administrative decisions interpreting those statutes, rules, regulations or actions.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":210367,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in this section, this chapter does not limit, modify or supersede a consumer protection statute, administrative rule, regulation or procedure.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":210368,"text":"If a consumer protection law requires a term to be conspicuous, the standard of conspicuousness under the consumer protection law applies. However, a provision in the consumer protection law requiring a term to be conspicuous does not preclude that term from being presented electronically.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"3":{"id":210369,"text":"If a consumer protection law requires a writing or a signature, a record or authentication suffices.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"e"},"4":{"id":210370,"text":"If a consumer protection law addresses assent, consent, or manifestation of assent, the standard of assent, consent, or manifestation of assent under the consumer protection law applies and may be accomplished electronically.","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"f"},"5":{"id":210371,"text":"The applicability of a consumer protection law is determined by that law as it would have applied in the absence of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15005,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","permalink":{"id":261887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15005,"identifier":"1","token":"59.1\/43\/1","url":"\/59.1\/43\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87403,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.1","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-501.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.1","metadata":false},{"id":69535,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.10","catch_line":"Contractual choice of forum","url":"\/59.1-501.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.10","metadata":false},{"id":61969,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.11","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or term","url":"\/59.1-501.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.11","metadata":false},{"id":72667,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.12","catch_line":"Manifesting assent","url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","metadata":false},{"id":59103,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13","metadata":false},{"id":80445,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13:1","catch_line":"Opportunity to review","url":"\/59.1-501.13_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13_1","metadata":false},{"id":84229,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14","metadata":false},{"id":78044,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14:1","catch_line":"Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions","url":"\/59.1-501.14_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14_1","metadata":false},{"id":87480,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.15","metadata":false},{"id":84252,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.16","catch_line":"Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.16\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.16","metadata":false},{"id":78606,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.17","catch_line":"Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know","url":"\/59.1-501.17\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.17","metadata":false},{"id":65262,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.18","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-501.18\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.18","metadata":false},{"id":76155,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.2","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-501.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.2","metadata":false},{"id":57221,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.3","catch_line":"Scope; exclusions","url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","metadata":false},{"id":58948,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},{"id":57410,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4:1","catch_line":"Consumer protection law governs","url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","metadata":false},{"id":63386,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},{"id":77805,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.6","catch_line":"Rule of construction","url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","metadata":false},{"id":82284,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.7","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-501.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.7","metadata":false},{"id":63380,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.8","catch_line":"Proof and effect of authentication","url":"\/59.1-501.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.8","metadata":false},{"id":58664,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.9","catch_line":"Choice of law","url":"\/59.1-501.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":58948,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":63386,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-501.4:1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0794\">794<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261949,"object_type":"law","relational_id":57410,"identifier":"59.1-501.4:1","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Consumer protection law governs","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-501.4:1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> In this section, &#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span>&#8221; means a consumer protection <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span>, rule, or regulation, or other state executive or legislative action that has the effect of law and any applicable judicial or administrative decisions interpreting those <span class=\"dictionary\">statutes<\/span>, rules, regulations or actions. <a id=\"paragraph-210366\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"b\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in this section, this chapter does not limit, modify or supersede a consumer protection <span class=\"dictionary\">statute<\/span>, administrative rule, regulation or procedure. <a id=\"paragraph-210367\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"c\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> If a <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> requires a term to be conspicuous, the standard of conspicuousness under the <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> applies. However, a provision in the <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> requiring a term to be conspicuous does not preclude that term from being presented electronically. <a id=\"paragraph-210368\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"d\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">d.<\/span> If a <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> requires a writing or a signature, a record or authentication suffices. <a id=\"paragraph-210369\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#d\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"e\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">e.<\/span> If a <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> addresses assent, consent, or manifestation of assent, the standard of assent, consent, or manifestation of assent under the <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> applies and may be accomplished electronically. <a id=\"paragraph-210370\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#e\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"f\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">f.<\/span> The applicability of a <span class=\"dictionary\">consumer protection law<\/span> is determined by that law as it would have applied in the absence of this chapter. <a id=\"paragraph-210371\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.4_1\/#f\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONSUMER PROTECTION LAW GOVERNS (\u00a7 59.1-501.4:1)\n\na. In this section, &#8220;consumer protection law&#8221; means a consumer\nprotection statute, rule, or regulation, or other state executive or legislative\naction that has the effect of law and any applicable judicial or administrative\ndecisions interpreting those statutes, rules, regulations or actions.\n\nb. Except as otherwise provided in this section, this chapter does not limit,\nmodify or supersede a consumer protection statute, administrative rule,\nregulation or procedure.\n\nc. If a consumer protection law requires a term to be conspicuous, the standard\nof conspicuousness under the consumer protection law applies. However, a\nprovision in the consumer protection law requiring a term to be conspicuous does\nnot preclude that term from being presented electronically.\n\nd. If a consumer protection law requires a writing or a signature, a record or\nauthentication suffices.\n\ne. If a consumer protection law addresses assent, consent, or manifestation of\nassent, the standard of assent, consent, or manifestation of assent under the\nconsumer protection law applies and may be accomplished electronically.\n\nf. The applicability of a consumer protection law is determined by that law as\nit would have applied in the absence of this chapter.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 794.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}