{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-501.6.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-501.6.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-501.6.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-501.6.html"}],"law_id":77805,"edition_id":1,"section_id":77805,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.6","catch_line":"Rule of construction","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996; 2004, c. 794.","full_text":"a\n\nThis chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies to:1\n\nsupport and facilitate the realization of the full potential of computer information transactions;2\n\nclarify the law governing computer information transactions;3\n\nenable expanding commercial practice in computer information transactions by commercial usage and agreement of the parties;4\n\npromote uniformity of the law with respect to the subject matter of this chapter among States that enact it; and5\n\npermit the continued expansion of commercial practices in the excluded transactions through custom, usage and agreement of the parties.b\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in &#xA7; 59.1-501.15, the use of mandatory language or the absence of a phrase such as &#8220;unless otherwise agreed&#8221; in a provision of this chapter does not preclude the parties from varying the effect of the provision by agreement.c\n\nThe fact that a provision of this chapter imposes a condition for a result does not by itself mean that the absence of that condition yields a different result.d\n\nTo be enforceable, a term need not be conspicuous, negotiated, or expressly assented or agreed to, unless this chapter expressly so requires.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":279071,"text":"This chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies to:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":279072,"text":"support and facilitate the realization of the full potential of computer information transactions;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":279073,"text":"clarify the law governing computer information transactions;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":279074,"text":"enable expanding commercial practice in computer information transactions by commercial usage and agreement of the parties;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"a4"},"4":{"id":279075,"text":"promote uniformity of the law with respect to the subject matter of this chapter among States that enact it; and","type":"section","prefixes":["a","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"a4","prefix_anchor":"a4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a3","next_prefix":"a5"},"5":{"id":279076,"text":"permit the continued expansion of commercial practices in the excluded transactions through custom, usage and agreement of the parties.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"a5","prefix_anchor":"a5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a4","next_prefix":"b"},"6":{"id":279077,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; 59.1-501.15, the use of mandatory language or the absence of a phrase such as &#8220;unless otherwise agreed&#8221; in a provision of this chapter does not preclude the parties from varying the effect of the provision by agreement.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a5","next_prefix":"c"},"7":{"id":279078,"text":"The fact that a provision of this chapter imposes a condition for a result does not by itself mean that the absence of that condition yields a different result.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"8":{"id":279079,"text":"To be enforceable, a term need not be conspicuous, negotiated, or expressly assented or agreed to, unless this chapter expressly so requires.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15005,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:51:26","permalink":{"id":261887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15005,"identifier":"1","token":"59.1\/43\/1","url":"\/59.1\/43\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87403,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.1","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-501.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.1","metadata":false},{"id":69535,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.10","catch_line":"Contractual choice of forum","url":"\/59.1-501.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.10","metadata":false},{"id":61969,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.11","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or term","url":"\/59.1-501.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.11","metadata":false},{"id":72667,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.12","catch_line":"Manifesting assent","url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","metadata":false},{"id":59103,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13","metadata":false},{"id":80445,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.13:1","catch_line":"Opportunity to review","url":"\/59.1-501.13_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13_1","metadata":false},{"id":84229,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14","metadata":false},{"id":78044,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.14:1","catch_line":"Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions","url":"\/59.1-501.14_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14_1","metadata":false},{"id":87480,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.15","metadata":false},{"id":84252,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.16","catch_line":"Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.16\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.16","metadata":false},{"id":78606,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.17","catch_line":"Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know","url":"\/59.1-501.17\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.17","metadata":false},{"id":65262,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.18","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-501.18\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.18","metadata":false},{"id":76155,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.2","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-501.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.2","metadata":false},{"id":57221,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.3","catch_line":"Scope; exclusions","url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","metadata":false},{"id":58948,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},{"id":57410,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.4:1","catch_line":"Consumer protection law governs","url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","metadata":false},{"id":63386,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},{"id":77805,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.6","catch_line":"Rule of construction","url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","metadata":false},{"id":82284,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.7","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-501.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.7","metadata":false},{"id":63380,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.8","catch_line":"Proof and effect of authentication","url":"\/59.1-501.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.8","metadata":false},{"id":58664,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.9","catch_line":"Choice of law","url":"\/59.1-501.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63386,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":82284,"structure_id":15005,"section_number":"59.1-501.7","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-501.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.7","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-501.6\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?001+ful+CHAP0101\">101<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?001+ful+CHAP0996\">996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2004, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0794\">794<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":87480,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-501.15\/"}],"permalink":{"id":261957,"object_type":"law","relational_id":77805,"identifier":"59.1-501.6","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","dublin_core":{"Title":"Rule of construction","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-501.6","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> This chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies to: <a id=\"paragraph-279071\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> support and facilitate the realization of the full potential of computer information transactions; <a id=\"paragraph-279072\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> clarify the <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> governing computer information transactions; <a id=\"paragraph-279073\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> enable expanding commercial practice in computer information transactions by commercial usage and agreement of the parties; <a id=\"paragraph-279074\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> promote uniformity of the <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> with respect to the subject matter of this chapter among States that enact it; and <a id=\"paragraph-279075\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a5\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">5.<\/span> permit the continued expansion of commercial practices in the excluded transactions through custom, usage and agreement of the parties. <a id=\"paragraph-279076\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#a5\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"b\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Variation by agreement; commercial practice\" href=\"\/59.1-501.15\/\">59.1-501.15<\/a>, the use of mandatory language or the absence of a phrase such as &#8220;unless otherwise agreed&#8221; in a provision of this chapter does not preclude the parties from varying the effect of the provision by agreement. <a id=\"paragraph-279077\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"c\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> that a provision of this chapter imposes a condition for a result does not by itself mean that the absence of that condition yields a different result. <a id=\"paragraph-279078\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"d\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">d.<\/span> To be enforceable, a term need not be conspicuous, negotiated, or expressly assented or agreed to, unless this chapter expressly so requires. <a id=\"paragraph-279079\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/59.1-501.6\/#d\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nRULE OF CONSTRUCTION (\u00a7 59.1-501.6)\n\na. This chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its\nunderlying purposes and policies to:\n\n   1. support and facilitate the realization of the full potential of computer\n   information transactions;\n\n   2. clarify the law governing computer information transactions;\n\n   3. enable expanding commercial practice in computer information transactions\n   by commercial usage and agreement of the parties;\n\n   4. promote uniformity of the law with respect to the subject matter of this\n   chapter among States that enact it; and\n\n   5. permit the continued expansion of commercial practices in the excluded\n   transactions through custom, usage and agreement of the parties.\n\nb. Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7; 59.1-501.15, the use of mandatory\nlanguage or the absence of a phrase such as &#8220;unless otherwise\nagreed&#8221; in a provision of this chapter does not preclude the parties from\nvarying the effect of the provision by agreement.\n\nc. The fact that a provision of this chapter imposes a condition for a result\ndoes not by itself mean that the absence of that condition yields a different\nresult.\n\nd. To be enforceable, a term need not be conspicuous, negotiated, or expressly\nassented or agreed to, unless this chapter expressly so requires.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996; 2004, c. 794.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}