{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-502.12.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-502.12.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-502.12.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-502.12.html"}],"law_id":72868,"edition_id":1,"section_id":72868,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.12","catch_line":"Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, cc. 762, 763.","full_text":"The efficacy, including the commercial reasonableness, of an attribution procedure is determined by the court. In making this determination, the following rules apply:\n\n1\n\nAn attribution procedure established by law is effective for transactions within the coverage of the statute, administrative rule, or regulation.2\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), commercial reasonableness and effectiveness is determined in light of the purposes of the procedure and the commercial circumstances at the time the parties agreed to or adopted the procedure.3\n\nAn attribution procedure may use any security device or method that is commercially reasonable under the circumstances.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":262536,"text":"The efficacy, including the commercial reasonableness, of an attribution procedure is determined by the court. In making this determination, the following rules apply:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":262537,"text":"An attribution procedure established by law is effective for transactions within the coverage of the statute, administrative rule, or regulation.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":262538,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), commercial reasonableness and effectiveness is determined in light of the purposes of the procedure and the commercial circumstances at the time the parties agreed to or adopted the procedure.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":262539,"text":"An attribution procedure may use any security device or method that is commercially reasonable under the circumstances.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14011,"edition_id":1,"name":"Formation and Terms","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:36","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:36","permalink":{"id":261973,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14011,"identifier":"2","token":"59.1\/43\/2","url":"\/59.1\/43\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75095,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.1","catch_line":"Formal requirements","url":"\/59.1-502.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.1","metadata":false},{"id":82823,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.10","catch_line":"Terms of contract formed by conduct","url":"\/59.1-502.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.10","metadata":false},{"id":73216,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.11","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-502.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.11","metadata":false},{"id":72868,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.12","catch_line":"Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure","url":"\/59.1-502.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.12","metadata":false},{"id":56924,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.13","catch_line":"Determining attribution","url":"\/59.1-502.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.13","metadata":false},{"id":73858,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.14","catch_line":"Electronic error; consumer defenses","url":"\/59.1-502.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.14","metadata":false},{"id":65237,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.15","catch_line":"Electronic message; when effective; effect of acknowledgment","url":"\/59.1-502.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.15","metadata":false},{"id":83234,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.16","catch_line":"Idea or information submission","url":"\/59.1-502.16\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.16","metadata":false},{"id":61970,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.17","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-502.17\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.17","metadata":false},{"id":55100,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.2","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/59.1-502.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.2","metadata":false},{"id":68883,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.3","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in general","url":"\/59.1-502.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.3","metadata":false},{"id":82209,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.4","catch_line":"Acceptance with varying terms","url":"\/59.1-502.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.4","metadata":false},{"id":61606,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.5","catch_line":"Conditional offer or acceptance","url":"\/59.1-502.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.5","metadata":false},{"id":58024,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.6","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance; electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-502.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.6","metadata":false},{"id":55560,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.7","catch_line":"Formation; releases of informational rights","url":"\/59.1-502.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.7","metadata":false},{"id":75483,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.8","catch_line":"Adopting terms of records","url":"\/59.1-502.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.8","metadata":false},{"id":80284,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.9","catch_line":"Mass-market license","url":"\/59.1-502.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":73216,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.11","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-502.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.11","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":56924,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.13","catch_line":"Determining attribution","url":"\/59.1-502.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.13","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-502.12\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2001, chapters 762<\/a> and 763<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":78606,"section_number":"59.1-501.17","catch_line":"Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-501.17\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261987,"object_type":"law","relational_id":72868,"identifier":"59.1-502.12","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.12","url":"\/59.1-502.12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-502.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.12","dublin_core":{"Title":"Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-502.12","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The efficacy, including the commercial reasonableness, of an attribution procedure is determined by the court<\/span>. In making this determination, the following rules apply:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> An attribution procedure established by law<\/span> is effective for transactions within the coverage of the statute<\/span>, administrative rule, or regulation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), commercial reasonableness and effectiveness is determined in light of the purposes of the procedure and the commercial circumstances at the time the parties agreed to or adopted the procedure. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> An attribution procedure may use any security device or method that is commercially reasonable under the circumstances. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEFFICACY AND COMMERCIAL REASONABLENESS OF ATTRIBUTION PROCEDURE (\u00a7 59.1-502.12)\n\nThe efficacy, including the commercial reasonableness, of an attribution\nprocedure is determined by the court. In making this determination, the\nfollowing rules apply:\n\n1. An attribution procedure established by law is effective for transactions\nwithin the coverage of the statute, administrative rule, or regulation.\n\n2. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), commercial reasonableness and\neffectiveness is determined in light of the purposes of the procedure and the\ncommercial circumstances at the time the parties agreed to or adopted the\nprocedure.\n\n3. An attribution procedure may use any security device or method that is\ncommercially reasonable under the circumstances.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, cc. 762, 763.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}