{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-502.14.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-502.14.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-502.14.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-502.14.html"}],"law_id":73858,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73858,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.14","catch_line":"Electronic error; consumer defenses","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996.","full_text":"a\n\nIn this section, “electronic error” means an error in an electronic message created by a consumer using an information processing system if a reasonable method to detect and correct or avoid the error was not provided.b\n\nIn an automated transaction, a consumer is not bound by an electronic message that the consumer did not intend and which was caused by an electronic error, if the consumer:1\n\npromptly on learning of the error:A\n\nnotifies the other party of the error; andB\n\ncauses delivery to the other party or, pursuant to reasonable instructions received from the other party, delivers to another person or destroys all copies of the information; and2\n\nhas not used, or received any benefit or value from, the information or caused the information or benefit to be made available to a third party.c\n\nIf subsection (b) does not apply, the effect of an electronic error is determined by other law.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":265582,"text":"In this section, “electronic error” means an error in an electronic message created by a consumer using an information processing system if a reasonable method to detect and correct or avoid the error was not provided.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":265583,"text":"In an automated transaction, a consumer is not bound by an electronic message that the consumer did not intend and which was caused by an electronic error, if the consumer:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"b1"},"2":{"id":265584,"text":"promptly on learning of the error:","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"A"},"3":{"id":265585,"text":"notifies the other party of the error; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":265586,"text":"causes delivery to the other party or, pursuant to reasonable instructions received from the other party, delivers to another person or destroys all copies of the information; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B2"},"5":{"id":265587,"text":"has not used, or received any benefit or value from, the information or caused the information or benefit to be made available to a third party.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"c"},"6":{"id":265588,"text":"If subsection (b) does not apply, the effect of an electronic error is determined by other law.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14011,"edition_id":1,"name":"Formation and Terms","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:36","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:36","permalink":{"id":261973,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14011,"identifier":"2","token":"59.1\/43\/2","url":"\/59.1\/43\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75095,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.1","catch_line":"Formal requirements","url":"\/59.1-502.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.1","metadata":false},{"id":82823,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.10","catch_line":"Terms of contract formed by conduct","url":"\/59.1-502.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.10","metadata":false},{"id":73216,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.11","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-502.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.11","metadata":false},{"id":72868,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.12","catch_line":"Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure","url":"\/59.1-502.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.12","metadata":false},{"id":56924,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.13","catch_line":"Determining attribution","url":"\/59.1-502.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.13","metadata":false},{"id":73858,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.14","catch_line":"Electronic error; 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electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-502.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.6","metadata":false},{"id":55560,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.7","catch_line":"Formation; releases of informational rights","url":"\/59.1-502.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.7","metadata":false},{"id":75483,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.8","catch_line":"Adopting terms of records","url":"\/59.1-502.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.8","metadata":false},{"id":80284,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.9","catch_line":"Mass-market license","url":"\/59.1-502.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":56924,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.13","catch_line":"Determining attribution","url":"\/59.1-502.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.13","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":65237,"structure_id":14011,"section_number":"59.1-502.15","catch_line":"Electronic message; when effective; effect of acknowledgment","url":"\/59.1-502.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.15","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-502.14\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":87480,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-501.15\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":261995,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73858,"identifier":"59.1-502.14","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.14","url":"\/59.1-502.14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-502.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/2\/59.1-502.14","dublin_core":{"Title":"Electronic error; consumer defenses","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-502.14","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> In this section, “electronic error<\/span>” means an error in an electronic message created by a consumer using an information processing system if a reasonable method to detect and correct or avoid the error was not provided. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> In an automated transaction, a consumer is not bound by an electronic message that the consumer did not intend and which was caused by an electronic error<\/span>, if the consumer: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> promptly on learning of the error: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> notifies the other party<\/span> of the error; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> causes delivery to the other party<\/span> or, pursuant to reasonable instructions received from the other party<\/span>, delivers to another person or destroys all copies of the information; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> has not used, or received any benefit or value from, the information or caused the information or benefit to be made available to a third party<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> If subsection (b) does not apply, the effect of an electronic error<\/span> is determined by other law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nELECTRONIC ERROR; CONSUMER DEFENSES (\u00a7 59.1-502.14)\n\na. In this section, “electronic error” means an error in an\nelectronic message created by a consumer using an information processing system\nif a reasonable method to detect and correct or avoid the error was not\nprovided.\n\nb. In an automated transaction, a consumer is not bound by an electronic message\nthat the consumer did not intend and which was caused by an electronic error, if\nthe consumer:\n\n 1. promptly on learning of the error:\n\nA. notifies the other party of the error; and\n\nB. causes delivery to the other party or, pursuant to reasonable instructions\nreceived from the other party, delivers to another person or destroys all copies\nof the information; and\n\n 2. has not used, or received any benefit or value from, the information or\n caused the information or benefit to be made available to a third party.\n\nc. If subsection (b) does not apply, the effect of an electronic error is\ndetermined by other law.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}