{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-504.8.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-504.8.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-504.8.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-504.8.html"}],"law_id":69667,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69667,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.8","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996.","full_text":"Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the intention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention, the following rules apply:\n\n1\n\nExact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.2\n\nA sample displaces inconsistent general language of description.3\n\nExpress warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty under § 59.1-504.5 (a).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":251867,"text":"Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the intention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention, the following rules apply:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":251868,"text":"Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":251869,"text":"A sample displaces inconsistent general language of description.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":251870,"text":"Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty under § 59.1-504.5 (a).","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13649,"edition_id":1,"name":"Warranties","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:28","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:28","permalink":{"id":262089,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13649,"identifier":"4","token":"59.1\/43\/4","url":"\/59.1\/43\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61823,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.1","catch_line":"Warranty and obligations concerning noninterference and noninfringement","url":"\/59.1-504.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.1","metadata":false},{"id":64119,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.10","catch_line":"No implied warranties for free software","url":"\/59.1-504.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.10","metadata":false},{"id":65976,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.11","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-504.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.11","metadata":false},{"id":54621,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.2","catch_line":"Express warranty","url":"\/59.1-504.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.2","metadata":false},{"id":82986,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.3","catch_line":"Implied warranty; merchantability of computer program","url":"\/59.1-504.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.3","metadata":false},{"id":66966,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.4","catch_line":"Implied warranty; informational content","url":"\/59.1-504.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.4","metadata":false},{"id":62887,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.5","catch_line":"Implied warranty; licensee's purpose; system integration","url":"\/59.1-504.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.5","metadata":false},{"id":59372,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.6","catch_line":"Disclaimer or modification of warranty","url":"\/59.1-504.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.6","metadata":false},{"id":54825,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.7","catch_line":"Modification of computer program","url":"\/59.1-504.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.7","metadata":false},{"id":69667,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.8","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties","url":"\/59.1-504.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.8","metadata":false},{"id":86480,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.9","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of warranty","url":"\/59.1-504.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":54825,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.7","catch_line":"Modification of computer program","url":"\/59.1-504.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.7","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86480,"structure_id":13649,"section_number":"59.1-504.9","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of warranty","url":"\/59.1-504.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.9","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-504.8\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":62887,"section_number":"59.1-504.5","catch_line":"Implied warranty; licensee's purpose; system integration","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-504.5\/"}],"permalink":{"id":262127,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69667,"identifier":"59.1-504.8","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.8","url":"\/59.1-504.8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-504.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/4\/59.1-504.8","dublin_core":{"Title":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-504.8","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the intention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention, the following rules apply:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A sample displaces inconsistent general language of description. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty under § 59.1-504.5<\/a> (a). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCUMULATION AND CONFLICT OF WARRANTIES (\u00a7 59.1-504.8)\n\nWarranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with\neach other and as cumulative, but if that construction is unreasonable, the\nintention of the parties determines which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining\nthat intention, the following rules apply:\n\n1. Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or\ngeneral language of description.\n\n2. A sample displaces inconsistent general language of description.\n\n3. Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an\nimplied warranty under § 59.1-504.5 (a).\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}