{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-505.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-505.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-505.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-505.2.html"}],"law_id":80183,"edition_id":1,"section_id":80183,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.2","catch_line":"Title to copy","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996.","full_text":"a\n\nIn a license:1\n\ntitle to a copy is determined by the license;2\n\na licensee’s right under the license to possession or control of a copy is governed by the license and does not depend solely on title to the copy; and3\n\nif a licensor reserves title to a copy, the licensor retains title to that copy and any copies made of it, unless the license grants the licensee a right to make and sell copies to others, in which case the reservation of title applies only to copies delivered to the licensee by the licensor.b\n\nIf an agreement provides for transfer of title to a copy, title passes:1\n\nat the time and place specified in the agreement; or2\n\nif the agreement does not specify a time and place:A\n\nwith respect to delivery of a copy on a tangible medium, at the time and place the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy; orB\n\nwith respect to electronic delivery of a copy, if a first sale occurs under federal copyright law, at the time and place at which the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy.c\n\nIf the party to which title passes under the contract refuses delivery of the copy or rejects the terms of the agreement, title revests in the licensor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":287011,"text":"In a license:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":287012,"text":"title to a copy is determined by the license;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":287013,"text":"a licensee’s right under the license to possession or control of a copy is governed by the license and does not depend solely on title to the copy; and","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":287014,"text":"if a licensor reserves title to a copy, the licensor retains title to that copy and any copies made of it, unless the license grants the licensee a right to make and sell copies to others, in which case the reservation of title applies only to copies delivered to the licensee by the licensor.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b"},"4":{"id":287015,"text":"If an agreement provides for transfer of title to a copy, title passes:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a3","next_prefix":"b1"},"5":{"id":287016,"text":"at the time and place specified in the agreement; or","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"6":{"id":287017,"text":"if the agreement does not specify a time and place:","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"A"},"7":{"id":287018,"text":"with respect to delivery of a copy on a tangible medium, at the time and place the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"B"},"8":{"id":287019,"text":"with respect to electronic delivery of a copy, if a first sale occurs under federal copyright law, at the time and place at which the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"c"},"9":{"id":287020,"text":"If the party to which title passes under the contract refuses delivery of the copy or rejects the terms of the agreement, title revests in the licensor.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15099,"edition_id":1,"name":"Transfer of Interests and Rights","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12900,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:08","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:08","permalink":{"id":262135,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15099,"identifier":"5","token":"59.1\/43\/5","url":"\/59.1\/43\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12900,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:00","permalink":{"id":261885,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12900,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78105,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.1","catch_line":"Ownership of informational rights","url":"\/59.1-505.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.1","metadata":false},{"id":85215,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.10","catch_line":"Financing arrangements; remedies or enforcement","url":"\/59.1-505.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.10","metadata":false},{"id":87452,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.11","catch_line":"Financing arrangements; effect on licensor's rights","url":"\/59.1-505.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.11","metadata":false},{"id":74503,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.12","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-505.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.12","metadata":false},{"id":80183,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.2","catch_line":"Title to copy","url":"\/59.1-505.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.2","metadata":false},{"id":68861,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.3","catch_line":"Transfer of contractual interest","url":"\/59.1-505.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.3","metadata":false},{"id":57535,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.4","catch_line":"Effect of transfer of contractual interest","url":"\/59.1-505.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.4","metadata":false},{"id":83644,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.5","catch_line":"Performance by delegate; subcontract","url":"\/59.1-505.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.5","metadata":false},{"id":79000,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.6","catch_line":"Transfer by licensee","url":"\/59.1-505.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.6","metadata":false},{"id":86505,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.7","catch_line":"Financing if financier does not become licensee","url":"\/59.1-505.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.7","metadata":false},{"id":70886,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.8","catch_line":"Finance licenses","url":"\/59.1-505.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.8","metadata":false},{"id":82662,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.9","catch_line":"Financing arrangements; obligations irrevocable","url":"\/59.1-505.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":74503,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.12","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-505.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.12","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":68861,"structure_id":15099,"section_number":"59.1-505.3","catch_line":"Transfer of contractual interest","url":"\/59.1-505.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.3","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-505.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":262153,"object_type":"law","relational_id":80183,"identifier":"59.1-505.2","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.2","url":"\/59.1-505.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-505.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/5\/59.1-505.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Title to copy","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-505.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> In a license: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> title to a copy is determined by the license; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> a licensee’s right under the license to possession<\/span> or control of a copy is governed by the license and does not depend solely on title to the copy; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> if a licensor reserves title to a copy, the licensor retains title to that copy and any copies made of it, unless the license grants the licensee a right to make and sell copies to others, in which case the reservation of title applies only to copies delivered to the licensee by the licensor. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> If an agreement provides for transfer of title to a copy, title passes: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> at the time and place specified in the agreement; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> if the agreement does not specify a time and place: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> with respect to delivery of a copy on a tangible medium, at the time and place the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> with respect to electronic delivery of a copy, if a first sale occurs under federal copyright law<\/span>, at the time and place at which the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> If the party<\/span> to which title passes under the contract<\/span> refuses delivery of the copy or rejects the terms of the agreement, title revests in the licensor. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTITLE TO COPY (\u00a7 59.1-505.2)\n\na. In a license:\n\n 1. title to a copy is determined by the license;\n\n 2. a licensee’s right under the license to possession or control of a\n copy is governed by the license and does not depend solely on title to the\n copy; and\n\n 3. if a licensor reserves title to a copy, the licensor retains title to that\n copy and any copies made of it, unless the license grants the licensee a right\n to make and sell copies to others, in which case the reservation of title\n applies only to copies delivered to the licensee by the licensor.\n\nb. If an agreement provides for transfer of title to a copy, title passes:\n\n 1. at the time and place specified in the agreement; or\n\n 2. if the agreement does not specify a time and place:\n\nA. with respect to delivery of a copy on a tangible medium, at the time and\nplace the licensor completed its obligations with respect to tender of the copy;\nor\n\nB. with respect to electronic delivery of a copy, if a first sale occurs under\nfederal copyright law, at the time and place at which the licensor completed its\nobligations with respect to tender of the copy.\n\nc. If the party to which title passes under the contract refuses delivery of the\ncopy or rejects the terms of the agreement, title revests in the licensor.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}