{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-537.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-537.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-537.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-537.html"}],"law_id":64496,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64496,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-537","catch_line":"Enforcement; penalties","history":"2005, c. 861.","full_text":"Any violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the provisions of \u00a7 59.1-200 and shall be subject to any and all of the enforcement provisions of Chapter 17 (\u00a7 59.1-196 et seq.) of this title except that, \u00a7 59.1-204 notwithstanding, nothing in this chapter shall create a private cause of action in favor of any person aggrieved by a violation of this chapter.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":234745,"text":"Any violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the provisions of \u00a7 59.1-200 and shall be subject to any and all of the enforcement provisions of Chapter 17 (\u00a7 59.1-196 et seq.) of this title except that, \u00a7 59.1-204 notwithstanding, nothing in this chapter shall create a private cause of action in favor of any person aggrieved by a violation of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":16178,"edition_id":1,"name":"Influenza Vaccine Price Gouging","identifier":"48","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:08:20","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:08:20","permalink":{"id":262523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16178,"identifier":"48","token":"59.1\/48","url":"\/59.1\/48\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":73808,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-533","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-533\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-533","metadata":false},{"id":67659,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-534","catch_line":"Proclamation of influenza vaccine shortage","url":"\/59.1-534\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-534","metadata":false},{"id":70086,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-535","catch_line":"Prohibitions","url":"\/59.1-535\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-535","metadata":false},{"id":67405,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-536","catch_line":"Complaint investigations","url":"\/59.1-536\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-536","metadata":false},{"id":64496,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-537","catch_line":"Enforcement; penalties","url":"\/59.1-537\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-537","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":67405,"structure_id":16178,"section_number":"59.1-536","catch_line":"Complaint investigations","url":"\/59.1-536\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-536","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-537\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 861<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":56198,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-196\/"},{"id":82977,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-200\/"},{"id":78713,"section_number":"59.1-204","catch_line":"Individual action for damages or penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-204\/"}],"permalink":{"id":262541,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64496,"identifier":"59.1-537","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-537","url":"\/59.1-537\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-537\/","token":"59.1\/48\/59.1-537","dublin_core":{"Title":"Enforcement; penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-537","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Any violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the provisions of \u00a7 59.1-200<\/a> and shall be subject to any and all of the enforcement provisions of Chapter 17 (\u00a7 59.1-196<\/a> et seq.) of this title except that, \u00a7 59.1-204<\/a> notwithstanding, nothing in this chapter shall create a private cause of action<\/span> in favor of any person aggrieved by a violation of this chapter.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENFORCEMENT; PENALTIES (\u00a7 59.1-537)\n\nAny violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the\nprovisions of \u00a7 59.1-200 and shall be subject to any and all of the enforcement\nprovisions of Chapter 17 (\u00a7 59.1-196 et seq.) of this title except that, \u00a7\n59.1-204 notwithstanding, nothing in this chapter shall create a private cause\nof action in favor of any person aggrieved by a violation of this chapter.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, c. 861.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}