{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-581.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-581.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-581.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-581.html"}],"law_id":83283,"edition_id":1,"section_id":83283,"structure_id":14234,"section_number":"59.1-581","catch_line":"Processing de-identified data; exemptions","history":"2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 36.","full_text":"A\n\nThe controller in possession of de-identified data shall:1\n\nTake reasonable measures to ensure that the data cannot be associated with a natural person;2\n\nPublicly commit to maintaining and using de-identified data without attempting to re-identify the data; and3\n\nContractually obligate any recipients of the de-identified data to comply with all provisions of this chapter.B\n\nNothing in this chapter shall be construed to (i) require a controller or processor to re-identify de-identified data or pseudonymous data or (ii) maintain data in identifiable form, or collect, obtain, retain, or access any data or technology, in order to be capable of associating an authenticated consumer request with personal data.C\n\nNothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a controller or processor to comply with an authenticated consumer rights request, pursuant to \u00a7 59.1-577, if all of the following are true:1\n\nThe controller is not reasonably capable of associating the request with the personal data or it would be unreasonably burdensome for the controller to associate the request with the personal data;2\n\nThe controller does not use the personal data to recognize or respond to the specific consumer who is the subject of the personal data, or associate the personal data with other personal data about the same specific consumer; and3\n\nThe controller does not sell the personal data to any third party or otherwise voluntarily disclose the personal data to any third party other than a processor, except as otherwise permitted in this section.D\n\nThe consumer rights contained in subdivisions A 1 through 4 of § 59.1-577 and § 59.1-578 shall not apply to pseudonymous data in cases where the controller is able to demonstrate any information necessary to identify the consumer is kept separately and is subject to effective technical and organizational controls that prevent the controller from accessing such information.E\n\nA controller that discloses pseudonymous data or de-identified data shall exercise reasonable oversight to monitor compliance with any contractual commitments to which the pseudonymous data or de-identified data is subject and shall take appropriate steps to address any breaches of those contractual commitments.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":298404,"text":"The controller in possession of de-identified data shall:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":298405,"text":"Take reasonable measures to ensure that the data cannot be associated with a natural person;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":298406,"text":"Publicly commit to maintaining and using de-identified data without attempting to re-identify the data; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":298407,"text":"Contractually obligate any recipients of the de-identified data to comply with all provisions of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":298408,"text":"Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to (i) require a controller or processor to re-identify de-identified data or pseudonymous data or (ii) maintain data in identifiable form, or collect, obtain, retain, or access any data or technology, in order to be capable of associating an authenticated consumer request with personal data.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":298409,"text":"Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a controller or processor to comply with an authenticated consumer rights request, pursuant to \u00a7 59.1-577, if all of the following are true:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"6":{"id":298410,"text":"The controller is not reasonably capable of associating the request with the personal data or it would be unreasonably burdensome for the controller to associate the request with the personal data;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"7":{"id":298411,"text":"The controller does not use the personal data to recognize or respond to the specific consumer who is the subject of the personal data, or associate the personal data with other personal data about the same specific consumer; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"8":{"id":298412,"text":"The controller does not sell the personal data to any third party or otherwise voluntarily disclose the personal data to any third party other than a processor, except as otherwise permitted in this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"D"},"9":{"id":298413,"text":"The consumer rights contained in subdivisions A 1 through 4 of § 59.1-577 and § 59.1-578 shall not apply to pseudonymous data in cases where the controller is able to demonstrate any information necessary to identify the consumer is kept separately and is subject to effective technical and organizational controls that prevent the controller from accessing such information.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"E"},"10":{"id":298414,"text":"A controller that discloses pseudonymous data or de-identified data shall exercise reasonable oversight to monitor compliance with any contractual commitments to which the pseudonymous data or de-identified data is subject and shall take appropriate steps to address any breaches of those contractual commitments.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14234,"edition_id":1,"name":"Consumer Data Protection Act","identifier":"53","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12809,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:24","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:24","permalink":{"id":262743,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14234,"identifier":"53","token":"59.1\/53","url":"\/59.1\/53\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12809,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":259521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12809,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":81398,"structure_id":14234,"section_number":"59.1-575","catch_line":"(Effective January 1, 2026) Definitions","url":"\/59.1-575\/","token":"59.1\/53\/59.1-575","metadata":false},{"id":63761,"structure_id":14234,"section_number":"59.1-576","catch_line":"Scope; 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A.<\/span> The controller<\/span> in possession<\/span> of de-identified data<\/span> shall: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Take reasonable measures to ensure that the data cannot be associated with a natural person; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Publicly commit to maintaining and using de-identified data<\/span> without attempting to re-identify the data; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Contractually obligate any recipients of the de-identified data<\/span> to comply with all provisions of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to (i) require a controller<\/span> or processor<\/span> to re-identify de-identified data<\/span> or pseudonymous data<\/span> or (ii) maintain data in identifiable form, or collect, obtain, retain, or access any data or technology, in order<\/span> to be capable of associating an authenticated consumer<\/span> request with personal data<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a controller<\/span> or processor<\/span> to comply with an authenticated consumer<\/span> rights request, pursuant to \u00a7 59.1-577<\/a>, if all of the following are true: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The controller<\/span> is not reasonably capable of associating the request with the personal data<\/span> or it would be unreasonably burdensome for the controller<\/span> to associate the request with the personal data<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The controller<\/span> does not use the personal data<\/span> to recognize or respond to the specific consumer<\/span> who is the subject of the personal data<\/span>, or associate the personal data<\/span> with other personal data<\/span> about the same specific consumer<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The controller<\/span> does not sell the personal data<\/span> to any third party<\/span> or otherwise voluntarily disclose the personal data<\/span> to any third party<\/span> other than a processor<\/span>, except as otherwise permitted in this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The consumer<\/span> rights contained in subdivisions A 1 through 4 of § 59.1-577<\/a> and § 59.1-578<\/a> shall not apply to pseudonymous data<\/span> in cases where the controller<\/span> is able to demonstrate any information necessary to identify the consumer<\/span> is kept separately and is subject to effective technical and organizational controls<\/span> that prevent the controller<\/span> from accessing such information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> A controller<\/span> that discloses pseudonymous data<\/span> or de-identified data<\/span> shall exercise reasonable oversight to monitor compliance with any contractual commitments to which the pseudonymous data<\/span> or de-identified data<\/span> is subject and shall take appropriate steps to address any breaches of those contractual commitments. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROCESSING DE-IDENTIFIED DATA; EXEMPTIONS (\u00a7 59.1-581)\n\nA. The controller in possession of de-identified data shall:\n\n 1. Take reasonable measures to ensure that the data cannot be associated with\n a natural person;\n\n 2. Publicly commit to maintaining and using de-identified data without\n attempting to re-identify the data; and\n\n 3. Contractually obligate any recipients of the de-identified data to comply\n with all provisions of this chapter.\n\nB. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to (i) require a controller or\nprocessor to re-identify de-identified data or pseudonymous data or (ii)\nmaintain data in identifiable form, or collect, obtain, retain, or access any\ndata or technology, in order to be capable of associating an authenticated\nconsumer request with personal data.\n\nC. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a controller or\nprocessor to comply with an authenticated consumer rights request, pursuant to\n\u00a7 59.1-577, if all of the following are true:\n\n 1. The controller is not reasonably capable of associating the request with\n the personal data or it would be unreasonably burdensome for the controller to\n associate the request with the personal data;\n\n 2. The controller does not use the personal data to recognize or respond to\n the specific consumer who is the subject of the personal data, or associate\n the personal data with other personal data about the same specific consumer;\n and\n\n 3. The controller does not sell the personal data to any third party or\n otherwise voluntarily disclose the personal data to any third party other than\n a processor, except as otherwise permitted in this section.\n\nD. The consumer rights contained in subdivisions A 1 through 4 of §\n59.1-577 and § 59.1-578 shall not apply to pseudonymous data in cases where\nthe controller is able to demonstrate any information necessary to identify the\nconsumer is kept separately and is subject to effective technical and\norganizational controls that prevent the controller from accessing such\ninformation.\n\nE. A controller that discloses pseudonymous data or de-identified data shall\nexercise reasonable oversight to monitor compliance with any contractual\ncommitments to which the pseudonymous data or de-identified data is subject and\nshall take appropriate steps to address any breaches of those contractual\ncommitments.\n\nHISTORY: 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 36.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}