{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/59.1-584.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/59.1-584.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/59.1-584.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/59.1-584.html"}],"law_id":71726,"edition_id":1,"section_id":71726,"structure_id":14234,"section_number":"59.1-584","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil penalty; expenses","history":"2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 36; 2022, cc. 451, 452.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Attorney General shall have exclusive authority to enforce the provisions of this chapter.B\n\nPrior to initiating any action under this chapter, the Attorney General shall provide a controller or processor 30 days’ written notice identifying the specific provisions of this chapter the Attorney General alleges have been or are being violated. If within the 30-day period the controller or processor cures the noticed violation and provides the Attorney General an express written statement that the alleged violations have been cured and that no further violations shall occur, no action shall be initiated against the controller or processor.C\n\nIf a controller or processor continues to violate this chapter following the cure period in subsection B or breaches an express written statement provided to the Attorney General under that subsection, the Attorney General may initiate an action in the name of the Commonwealth and may seek an injunction to restrain any violations of this chapter and civil penalties of up to $7,500 for each violation under this chapter. All civil penalties, expenses, and attorney fees collected pursuant to this chapter shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Regulatory, Consumer Advocacy, Litigation, and Enforcement Revolving Trust Fund.D\n\nThe Attorney General may recover reasonable expenses incurred in investigating and preparing the case, including attorney fees, in any action initiated under this chapter.E\n\nNothing in this chapter shall be construed as providing the basis for, or be subject to, a private right of action for violations of this chapter or under any other law.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":258419,"text":"The Attorney General shall have exclusive authority to enforce the provisions of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":258420,"text":"Prior to initiating any action under this chapter, the Attorney General shall provide a controller or processor 30 days’ written notice identifying the specific provisions of this chapter the Attorney General alleges have been or are being violated. If within the 30-day period the controller or processor cures the noticed violation and provides the Attorney General an express written statement that the alleged violations have been cured and that no further violations shall occur, no action shall be initiated against the controller or processor.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":258421,"text":"If a controller or processor continues to violate this chapter following the cure period in subsection B or breaches an express written statement provided to the Attorney General under that subsection, the Attorney General may initiate an action in the name of the Commonwealth and may seek an injunction to restrain any violations of this chapter and civil penalties of up to $7,500 for each violation under this chapter. 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The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2022, chapters 451<\/a> and 452<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":262785,"object_type":"law","relational_id":71726,"identifier":"59.1-584","token":"59.1\/53\/59.1-584","url":"\/59.1-584\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-584\/","token":"59.1\/53\/59.1-584","dublin_core":{"Title":"Enforcement; civil penalty; expenses","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-584","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Attorney General<\/span> shall have exclusive authority to enforce the provisions of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Prior to initiating any action under this chapter, the Attorney General<\/span> shall provide a controller<\/span> or processor<\/span> 30 days’ written notice identifying the specific provisions of this chapter the Attorney General<\/span> alleges have been or are being violated. If within the 30-day period the controller<\/span> or processor<\/span> cures the noticed violation and provides the Attorney General<\/span> an express written statement that the alleged violations have been cured and that no further violations shall occur, no action shall be initiated against the controller<\/span> or processor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> If a controller<\/span> or processor<\/span> continues to violate this chapter following the cure period in subsection B or breaches an express written statement provided to the Attorney General<\/span> under that subsection, the Attorney General<\/span> may initiate an action in the name of the Commonwealth and may seek an injunction<\/span> to restrain any violations of this chapter and civil penalties of up to $7,500 for each violation under this chapter. All civil penalties, expenses, and attorney fees collected pursuant to this chapter shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Regulatory, Consumer<\/span> Advocacy, Litigation<\/span>, and Enforcement Revolving Trust Fund. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The Attorney General<\/span> may recover reasonable expenses incurred in investigating and preparing the case, including attorney fees, in any action initiated under this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as providing the basis for, or be subject to, a private right of action for violations of this chapter or under any other law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENFORCEMENT; CIVIL PENALTY; EXPENSES (\u00a7 59.1-584)\n\nA. The Attorney General shall have exclusive authority to enforce the provisions\nof this chapter.\n\nB. Prior to initiating any action under this chapter, the Attorney General shall\nprovide a controller or processor 30 days’ written notice identifying the\nspecific provisions of this chapter the Attorney General alleges have been or\nare being violated. If within the 30-day period the controller or processor\ncures the noticed violation and provides the Attorney General an express written\nstatement that the alleged violations have been cured and that no further\nviolations shall occur, no action shall be initiated against the controller or\nprocessor.\n\nC. If a controller or processor continues to violate this chapter following the\ncure period in subsection B or breaches an express written statement provided to\nthe Attorney General under that subsection, the Attorney General may initiate an\naction in the name of the Commonwealth and may seek an injunction to restrain\nany violations of this chapter and civil penalties of up to $7,500 for each\nviolation under this chapter. All civil penalties, expenses, and attorney fees\ncollected pursuant to this chapter shall be paid into the state treasury and\ncredited to the Regulatory, Consumer Advocacy, Litigation, and Enforcement\nRevolving Trust Fund.\n\nD. The Attorney General may recover reasonable expenses incurred in\ninvestigating and preparing the case, including attorney fees, in any action\ninitiated under this chapter.\n\nE. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as providing the basis for, or be\nsubject to, a private right of action for violations of this chapter or under\nany other law.\n\nHISTORY: 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 36; 2022, cc. 451, 452.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}