{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/6.2-2023.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/6.2-2023.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/6.2-2023.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/6.2-2023.html"}],"law_id":54724,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54724,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2023","catch_line":"Private right of action","history":"2004, c. 790, \u00a7 6.1-363.24; 2010, c. 794.","full_text":"Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":200903,"text":"Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13648,"edition_id":1,"name":"Agencies Providing Debt Management Plans","identifier":"20","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13060,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:28","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:28","permalink":{"id":266625,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13648,"identifier":"20","token":"6.2\/III\/20","url":"\/6.2\/III\/20\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13060,"edition_id":1,"name":"Other Regulated Providers of Financial Services","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12852,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:12","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:12","permalink":{"id":265721,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13060,"identifier":"III","token":"6.2\/III","url":"\/6.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12852,"edition_id":1,"name":"Financial Institutions and Services","identifier":"6.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":263249,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12852,"identifier":"6.2","token":"6.2","url":"\/6.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74235,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2000","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/6.2-2000\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2000","metadata":false},{"id":85410,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2001","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) License requirement; exceptions","url":"\/6.2-2001\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2001","metadata":false},{"id":86912,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2002","catch_line":"Application for license; form; content; fee","url":"\/6.2-2002\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2002","metadata":false},{"id":71684,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2003","catch_line":"Bond required","url":"\/6.2-2003\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2003","metadata":false},{"id":70236,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2004","catch_line":"Investigation of applications","url":"\/6.2-2004\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2004","metadata":false},{"id":65887,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2005","catch_line":"Qualifications","url":"\/6.2-2005\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2005","metadata":false},{"id":86118,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2006","catch_line":"Licenses; places of business; changes","url":"\/6.2-2006\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2006","metadata":false},{"id":54620,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2007","catch_line":"Acquisition of control; application","url":"\/6.2-2007\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2007","metadata":false},{"id":56125,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2008","catch_line":"Retention of books, accounts, and records; responding to Bureau","url":"\/6.2-2008\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2008","metadata":false},{"id":65169,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2009","catch_line":"Annual report","url":"\/6.2-2009\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2009","metadata":false},{"id":82369,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2010","catch_line":"Other reporting requirements","url":"\/6.2-2010\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2010","metadata":false},{"id":68502,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2011","catch_line":"Investigations; examinations","url":"\/6.2-2011\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2011","metadata":false},{"id":68088,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2012","catch_line":"Annual fees","url":"\/6.2-2012\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2012","metadata":false},{"id":63358,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2013","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/6.2-2013\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2013","metadata":false},{"id":72079,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2014","catch_line":"Required and prohibited business methods","url":"\/6.2-2014\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2014","metadata":false},{"id":75090,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2015","catch_line":"Fees and contributions","url":"\/6.2-2015\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2015","metadata":false},{"id":78388,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2016","catch_line":"Additional charges","url":"\/6.2-2016\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2016","metadata":false},{"id":59347,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2017","catch_line":"Advertising","url":"\/6.2-2017\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2017","metadata":false},{"id":67990,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2018","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation of license","url":"\/6.2-2018\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2018","metadata":false},{"id":75871,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2019","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/6.2-2019\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2019","metadata":false},{"id":74097,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2020","catch_line":"Notice of proposed suspension or revocation","url":"\/6.2-2020\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2020","metadata":false},{"id":76436,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2021","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/6.2-2021\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2021","metadata":false},{"id":54964,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2022","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2022\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2022","metadata":false},{"id":54724,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2023","catch_line":"Private right of action","url":"\/6.2-2023\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2023","metadata":false},{"id":67756,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2024","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General","url":"\/6.2-2024\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2024","metadata":false},{"id":78691,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2025","catch_line":"Violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act","url":"\/6.2-2025\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2025","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":54964,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2022","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2022\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2022","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":67756,"structure_id":13648,"section_number":"6.2-2024","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General","url":"\/6.2-2024\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2024","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/6.2-2023\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0790\">790<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2010, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0794\">794<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":266719,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54724,"identifier":"6.2-2023","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2023","url":"\/6.2-2023\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/6.2-2023\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20\/6.2-2023","dublin_core":{"Title":"Private right of action","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 6.2-2023","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> to enforce such provision. Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, <span class=\"dictionary\">expert witness<\/span> fees, and <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> costs incurred by bringing such action.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION (\u00a7 6.2-2023)\n\nAny person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this\nchapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is\nsuccessful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness\nfees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 790, \u00a7 6.1-363.24; 2010, c. 794.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}