{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/63.2-1931.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/63.2-1931.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/63.2-1931.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/63.2-1931.html"}],"law_id":59733,"edition_id":1,"section_id":59733,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1931","catch_line":"Effect of service on banks, savings institutions, etc","history":"1988, cc. 795, 906, \u00a7 63.1-260.1; 1990, c. 950; 1992, c. 111; 2002, c. 747; 2009, c. 125.","full_text":"Service of a lien or orders to withhold and deliver or any other notice or document authorized by this chapter on the main office or headquarters or registered agent of any bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer as defined in \u00a7 13.1-501 or any other place designated by such financial institution or broker-dealer shall be effective as to any accounts, credits or other personal property (excluding property held in a safe-deposit box) of the noncustodial parent held by that institution or broker-dealer. The bank, savings institution, financial institution or broker-dealer may accept service or treat service as valid even though made at a point other than those specified above.\n\t\tWithin 45 days of receipt of an answer from any bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer indicating that a support debtor may have an interest in funds in a joint account, the Department shall serve notice of the order to withhold on all joint account holders at the address for each account holder as provided by the bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer in the same manner as service upon the support debtor. A copy of the notice shall be served on the financial institution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. Each account holder may appeal the action to a hearing officer as provided in \u00a7 63.2-1929. However, the issue to be determined by the hearing officer is limited to whether the support debtor has any interest in the joint account which is being held based on the support debtor’s contribution to the account. Upon satisfactory proof that the support debtor has no interest in the joint account, the Department shall release the order to withhold. Upon receipt of the copy of the notice to the joint account holders, the financial institution or broker-dealer shall treat the initial order to withhold as continuing in effect over the entire property being withheld until a release or order to deliver is served by the Department or until the ninety-day period set forth in the following paragraph expires. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the notice to the joint account holders within 45 days from delivery of its answer, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tUpon the determination that the support debtor has some interest in the joint account, the Department shall initiate a petition in the general district court or in the circuit court, if the joint account and the amount claimed against the support debtor each exceed $10,000, for the jurisdiction in which the support debtor or any joint account owner resides in order that the court may make a determination of the extent of the interest of the support debtor in the joint account, based on the amount the support debtor contributed to the account. If the support debtor and all account owners are nonresidents, venue shall be where the support obligee resides or where the property is located. In cases where the joint account is owned by persons married to each other, the funds in the account shall belong to them equally unless there is clear and convincing evidence otherwise. The Department shall serve a copy of the petition on the financial institution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the petition within ninety days of receipt of the notice to the joint account holders, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tNotwithstanding service or receipt of such order of support, the financial institution may pay any check deposited with it or another financial institution on or before the date of service or receipt of the order of support on it.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":218779,"text":"Service of a lien or orders to withhold and deliver or any other notice or document authorized by this chapter on the main office or headquarters or registered agent of any bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer as defined in \u00a7 13.1-501 or any other place designated by such financial institution or broker-dealer shall be effective as to any accounts, credits or other personal property (excluding property held in a safe-deposit box) of the noncustodial parent held by that institution or broker-dealer. The bank, savings institution, financial institution or broker-dealer may accept service or treat service as valid even though made at a point other than those specified above.\n\t\tWithin 45 days of receipt of an answer from any bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer indicating that a support debtor may have an interest in funds in a joint account, the Department shall serve notice of the order to withhold on all joint account holders at the address for each account holder as provided by the bank, savings institution or other financial institution or broker-dealer in the same manner as service upon the support debtor. A copy of the notice shall be served on the financial institution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. Each account holder may appeal the action to a hearing officer as provided in \u00a7 63.2-1929. However, the issue to be determined by the hearing officer is limited to whether the support debtor has any interest in the joint account which is being held based on the support debtor’s contribution to the account. Upon satisfactory proof that the support debtor has no interest in the joint account, the Department shall release the order to withhold. Upon receipt of the copy of the notice to the joint account holders, the financial institution or broker-dealer shall treat the initial order to withhold as continuing in effect over the entire property being withheld until a release or order to deliver is served by the Department or until the ninety-day period set forth in the following paragraph expires. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the notice to the joint account holders within 45 days from delivery of its answer, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tUpon the determination that the support debtor has some interest in the joint account, the Department shall initiate a petition in the general district court or in the circuit court, if the joint account and the amount claimed against the support debtor each exceed $10,000, for the jurisdiction in which the support debtor or any joint account owner resides in order that the court may make a determination of the extent of the interest of the support debtor in the joint account, based on the amount the support debtor contributed to the account. If the support debtor and all account owners are nonresidents, venue shall be where the support obligee resides or where the property is located. In cases where the joint account is owned by persons married to each other, the funds in the account shall belong to them equally unless there is clear and convincing evidence otherwise. The Department shall serve a copy of the petition on the financial institution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the petition within ninety days of receipt of the notice to the joint account holders, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tNotwithstanding service or receipt of such order of support, the financial institution may pay any check deposited with it or another financial institution on or before the date of service or receipt of the order of support on it.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13121,"edition_id":1,"name":"Enforcement Remedies","identifier":"6","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12835,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:18","permalink":{"id":272607,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13121,"identifier":"6","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6","url":"\/63.2\/V\/19\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12835,"edition_id":1,"name":"Child Support Enforcement","identifier":"19","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12834,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":272433,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12835,"identifier":"19","token":"63.2\/V\/19","url":"\/63.2\/V\/19\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12834,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administrative Child Support","identifier":"V","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12789,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":272431,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12834,"identifier":"V","token":"63.2\/V","url":"\/63.2\/V\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12789,"edition_id":1,"name":"Welfare (Social Services)","identifier":"63.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","permalink":{"id":270661,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12789,"identifier":"63.2","token":"63.2","url":"\/63.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72955,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1927","catch_line":"Assertion of lien; effect","url":"\/63.2-1927\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1927","metadata":false},{"id":65828,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1928","catch_line":"Service of lien","url":"\/63.2-1928\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1928","metadata":false},{"id":67402,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1929","catch_line":"Orders to withhold and to deliver property of debtor; issuance and service; contents; right to appeal; answer; effect; delivery of property; bond to release; fee; exemptions","url":"\/63.2-1929\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1929","metadata":false},{"id":64287,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1930","catch_line":"Civil liability upon failure to comply with lien, order, etc","url":"\/63.2-1930\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1930","metadata":false},{"id":59733,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1931","catch_line":"Effect of service on banks, savings institutions, etc","url":"\/63.2-1931\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1931","metadata":false},{"id":56104,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1932","catch_line":"Data exchange agreements authorized; immunity","url":"\/63.2-1932\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1932","metadata":false},{"id":54155,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1932.1","catch_line":"Automated administrative enforcement in interstate cases","url":"\/63.2-1932.1\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1932.1","metadata":false},{"id":67738,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1933","catch_line":"Distraint, seizure and sale of property subject to liens","url":"\/63.2-1933\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1933","metadata":false},{"id":61523,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1934","catch_line":"Action for foreclosure of lien; satisfaction","url":"\/63.2-1934\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1934","metadata":false},{"id":59402,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1935","catch_line":"Satisfaction of lien after foreclosure proceedings instituted; redemption","url":"\/63.2-1935\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1935","metadata":false},{"id":71727,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1936","catch_line":"Procedures for posting security, bond or guarantee to secure payment of overdue support","url":"\/63.2-1936\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1936","metadata":false},{"id":86016,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1937","catch_line":"Applications for occupational or other license to include social security or control number; suspension upon delinquency; procedure","url":"\/63.2-1937\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1937","metadata":false},{"id":55671,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1938","catch_line":"Commissioner may release lien or order or return seized property","url":"\/63.2-1938\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1938","metadata":false},{"id":59915,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1939","catch_line":"Commissioner may make demand, file and serve liens, when payments appear in jeopardy","url":"\/63.2-1939\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1939","metadata":false},{"id":80175,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1940","catch_line":"Reporting payment arrearage information to consumer credit reporting agencies","url":"\/63.2-1940\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1940","metadata":false},{"id":56289,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1940.1","catch_line":"Publishing a most wanted delinquent parent list; coordinated arrests","url":"\/63.2-1940.1\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1940.1","metadata":false},{"id":57412,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1941","catch_line":"Additional enforcement remedies","url":"\/63.2-1941\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1941","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64287,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1930","catch_line":"Civil liability upon failure to comply with lien, order, etc","url":"\/63.2-1930\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1930","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":56104,"structure_id":13121,"section_number":"63.2-1932","catch_line":"Data exchange agreements authorized; immunity","url":"\/63.2-1932\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1932","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/63.2-1931\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1988. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 795 and 906 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1988 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1990, chapter 950; in 1992, chapter 111; in 2002, chapter 747<\/a>; in 2009, chapter 125<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":81600,"section_number":"6.2-606","catch_line":"Ownership during lifetime; garnishment, attachment, or levy","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-606\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":75080,"section_number":"13.1-501","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-501\/"},{"id":67402,"section_number":"63.2-1929","catch_line":"Orders to withhold and to deliver property of debtor; issuance and service; contents; right to appeal; answer; effect; delivery of property; bond to release; fee; exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-1929\/"}],"permalink":{"id":272625,"object_type":"law","relational_id":59733,"identifier":"63.2-1931","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1931","url":"\/63.2-1931\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/63.2-1931\/","token":"63.2\/V\/19\/6\/63.2-1931","dublin_core":{"Title":"Effect of service on banks, savings institutions, etc","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 63.2-1931","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Service of a lien<\/span> or orders<\/span> to withhold and deliver or any other notice or document authorized by this chapter on the main office or headquarters or registered agent of any bank, savings institution or other financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer as defined in \u00a7 13.1-501<\/a> or any other place designated by such financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer shall be effective as to any accounts, credits or other personal property (excluding property held in a safe-deposit box) of the noncustodial parent<\/span> held by that institution or broker-dealer. The bank, savings institution, financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer may accept service or treat service as valid even though made at a point other than those specified above.\n\t\tWithin 45 days of receipt of an answer from any bank, savings institution or other financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer indicating that a support debtor may have an interest in funds in a joint account, the Department<\/span> shall serve notice of the order<\/span> to withhold on all joint account holders at the address for each account holder as provided by the bank, savings institution or other financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer in the same manner as service upon the support debtor. A copy of the notice shall be served on the financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. Each account holder may appeal<\/span> the action to a hearing<\/span> officer as provided in \u00a7 63.2-1929<\/a>. However, the issue<\/span> to be determined by the hearing<\/span> officer is limited to whether the support debtor has any interest in the joint account which is being held based on the support debtor’s contribution to the account. Upon satisfactory proof that the support debtor has no interest in the joint account, the Department<\/span> shall release the order<\/span> to withhold. Upon receipt of the copy of the notice to the joint account holders, the financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer shall treat the initial order<\/span> to withhold as continuing in effect over the entire property being withheld until a release or order<\/span> to deliver is served by the Department<\/span> or until the ninety-day period set forth in the following paragraph expires. If the financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the notice to the joint account holders within 45 days from delivery of its answer, it may treat the order<\/span> to withhold as released.\n\t\tUpon the determination that the support debtor has some interest in the joint account, the Department<\/span> shall initiate a petition<\/span> in the general district court<\/span> or in the circuit<\/span> court<\/span>, if the joint account and the amount claimed against the support debtor each exceed $10,000, for the jurisdiction<\/span> in which the support debtor or any joint account owner resides in order<\/span> that the court<\/span> may make a determination of the extent of the interest of the support debtor in the joint account, based on the amount the support debtor contributed to the account. If the support debtor and all account owners are nonresidents, venue<\/span> shall be where the support obligee<\/span> resides or where the property is located. In cases where the joint account is owned by persons married to each other, the funds in the account shall belong to them equally unless there is clear and convincing evidence<\/span> otherwise. The Department<\/span> shall serve a copy of the petition<\/span> on the financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. If the financial institution<\/span> or broker-dealer does not receive a copy of the petition<\/span> within ninety days of receipt of the notice to the joint account holders, it may treat the order<\/span> to withhold as released.\n\t\tNotwithstanding service or receipt of such order<\/span> of support, the financial institution<\/span> may pay any check deposited with it or another financial institution<\/span> on or before the date of service or receipt of the order<\/span> of support on it.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEFFECT OF SERVICE ON BANKS, SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS, ETC (\u00a7 63.2-1931)\n\nService of a lien or orders to withhold and deliver or any other notice or\ndocument authorized by this chapter on the main office or headquarters or\nregistered agent of any bank, savings institution or other financial institution\nor broker-dealer as defined in \u00a7 13.1-501 or any other place designated by such\nfinancial institution or broker-dealer shall be effective as to any accounts,\ncredits or other personal property (excluding property held in a safe-deposit\nbox) of the noncustodial parent held by that institution or broker-dealer. The\nbank, savings institution, financial institution or broker-dealer may accept\nservice or treat service as valid even though made at a point other than those\nspecified above.\n\t\tWithin 45 days of receipt of an answer from any bank, savings institution or\nother financial institution or broker-dealer indicating that a support debtor\nmay have an interest in funds in a joint account, the Department shall serve\nnotice of the order to withhold on all joint account holders at the address for\neach account holder as provided by the bank, savings institution or other\nfinancial institution or broker-dealer in the same manner as service upon the\nsupport debtor. A copy of the notice shall be served on the financial\ninstitution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt requested. Each\naccount holder may appeal the action to a hearing officer as provided in \u00a7\n63.2-1929. However, the issue to be determined by the hearing officer is limited\nto whether the support debtor has any interest in the joint account which is\nbeing held based on the support debtor’s contribution to the account. Upon\nsatisfactory proof that the support debtor has no interest in the joint account,\nthe Department shall release the order to withhold. Upon receipt of the copy of\nthe notice to the joint account holders, the financial institution or\nbroker-dealer shall treat the initial order to withhold as continuing in effect\nover the entire property being withheld until a release or order to deliver is\nserved by the Department or until the ninety-day period set forth in the\nfollowing paragraph expires. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does\nnot receive a copy of the notice to the joint account holders within 45 days\nfrom delivery of its answer, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tUpon the determination that the support debtor has some interest in the joint\naccount, the Department shall initiate a petition in the general district court\nor in the circuit court, if the joint account and the amount claimed against the\nsupport debtor each exceed $10,000, for the jurisdiction in which the support\ndebtor or any joint account owner resides in order that the court may make a\ndetermination of the extent of the interest of the support debtor in the joint\naccount, based on the amount the support debtor contributed to the account. If\nthe support debtor and all account owners are nonresidents, venue shall be where\nthe support obligee resides or where the property is located. In cases where the\njoint account is owned by persons married to each other, the funds in the\naccount shall belong to them equally unless there is clear and convincing\nevidence otherwise. The Department shall serve a copy of the petition on the\nfinancial institution or broker-dealer by certified mail, return receipt\nrequested. If the financial institution or broker-dealer does not receive a copy\nof the petition within ninety days of receipt of the notice to the joint account\nholders, it may treat the order to withhold as released.\n\t\tNotwithstanding service or receipt of such order of support, the financial\ninstitution may pay any check deposited with it or another financial institution\non or before the date of service or receipt of the order of support on it.\n\nHISTORY: 1988, cc. 795, 906, \u00a7 63.1-260.1; 1990, c. 950; 1992, c. 111; 2002, c.\n747; 2009, c. 125.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}