{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/64.2-120.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/64.2-120.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/64.2-120.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/64.2-120.html"}],"law_id":70524,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70524,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-120","catch_line":"Procedure for disclosing digital assets","history":"2017, cc. 33, 80.","full_text":"A\n\nWhen disclosing digital assets of a user under this article, the custodian may, at its sole discretion:1\n\nGrant a fiduciary or designated recipient full access to the user’s account;2\n\nGrant a fiduciary or designated recipient partial access to the user’s account sufficient to perform the tasks with which the fiduciary or designated recipient is charged; or3\n\nProvide a fiduciary or designated recipient a copy in a record of any digital asset that, on the date the custodian received the request for disclosure, the user could have accessed if the user were alive and had full capacity and access to the account.B\n\nA custodian may assess a reasonable administrative charge for the cost of disclosing digital assets under this article.C\n\nA custodian need not disclose under this article a digital asset deleted by a user.D\n\nIf a user directs or a fiduciary requests a custodian to disclose under this article some, but not all, of the user’s digital assets, the custodian need not disclose the assets if segregation of the assets would impose an undue burden on the custodian. If the custodian believes the direction or request imposes an undue burden, the custodian or fiduciary may seek an order from the court to disclose:1\n\nA subset limited by date of the user’s digital assets;2\n\nAll of the user’s digital assets to the fiduciary or designated recipient;3\n\nNone of the user’s digital assets; or4\n\nAll of the user’s digital assets to the court for review in camera.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":254454,"text":"When disclosing digital assets of a user under this article, the custodian may, at its sole discretion:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":254455,"text":"Grant a fiduciary or designated recipient full access to the user’s account;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":254456,"text":"Grant a fiduciary or designated recipient partial access to the user’s account sufficient to perform the tasks with which the fiduciary or designated recipient is charged; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":254457,"text":"Provide a fiduciary or designated recipient a copy in a record of any digital asset that, on the date the custodian received the request for disclosure, the user could have accessed if the user were alive and had full capacity and access to the account.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":254458,"text":"A custodian may assess a reasonable administrative charge for the cost of disclosing digital assets under this article.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":254459,"text":"A custodian need not disclose under this article a digital asset deleted by a user.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"6":{"id":254460,"text":"If a user directs or a fiduciary requests a custodian to disclose under this article some, but not all, of the user’s digital assets, the custodian need not disclose the assets if segregation of the assets would impose an undue burden on the custodian. If the custodian believes the direction or request imposes an undue burden, the custodian or fiduciary may seek an order from the court to disclose:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"D1"},"7":{"id":254461,"text":"A subset limited by date of the user’s digital assets;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"8":{"id":254462,"text":"All of the user’s digital assets to the fiduciary or designated recipient;","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"D3"},"9":{"id":254463,"text":"None of the user’s digital assets; or","type":"section","prefixes":["D","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"D3","prefix_anchor":"D3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D2","next_prefix":"D4"},"10":{"id":254464,"text":"All of the user’s digital assets to the court for review in camera.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"D4","prefix_anchor":"D4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14246,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act","identifier":"3.1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13832,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","permalink":{"id":272841,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14246,"identifier":"3.1","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13832,"edition_id":1,"name":"Definitions and General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13831,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","permalink":{"id":272785,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13832,"identifier":"1","token":"64.2\/I\/1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13831,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12723,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","permalink":{"id":272783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13831,"identifier":"I","token":"64.2\/I","url":"\/64.2\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12723,"edition_id":1,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 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disclosing digital assets","url":"\/64.2-120\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","metadata":false},{"id":73213,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},{"id":66625,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-122","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-122\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","metadata":false},{"id":62585,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-123","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal","url":"\/64.2-123\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-123","metadata":false},{"id":62528,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-124","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of 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person","url":"\/64.2-128\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","metadata":false},{"id":73384,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","url":"\/64.2-129\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-129","metadata":false},{"id":84998,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-130","catch_line":"Custodian compliance and immunity","url":"\/64.2-130\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-130","metadata":false},{"id":82638,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-131","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/64.2-131\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-131","metadata":false},{"id":62365,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-132","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/64.2-132\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-132","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":55478,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","url":"\/64.2-119\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-119","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":73213,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-120\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2017. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 33<\/a> and 80<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":272859,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70524,"identifier":"64.2-120","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","url":"\/64.2-120\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-120\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","dublin_core":{"Title":"Procedure for disclosing digital assets","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-120","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> When disclosing digital assets<\/span> of a user<\/span> under this article, the custodian<\/span> may, at its sole discretion: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Grant a fiduciary<\/span> or designated recipient<\/span> full access to the user<\/span>’s account<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Grant a fiduciary<\/span> or designated recipient<\/span> partial access to the user<\/span>’s account<\/span> sufficient to perform the tasks with which the fiduciary<\/span> or designated recipient<\/span> is charged; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Provide a fiduciary<\/span> or designated recipient<\/span> a copy in a record<\/span> of any digital asset<\/span> that, on the date the custodian<\/span> received the request for disclosure, the user<\/span> could have accessed if the user<\/span> were alive and had full capacity and access to the account<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A custodian<\/span> may assess a reasonable administrative charge for the cost of disclosing digital assets<\/span> under this article. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A custodian<\/span> need not disclose under this article a digital asset<\/span> deleted by a user<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> If a user<\/span> directs or a fiduciary<\/span> requests a custodian<\/span> to disclose under this article some, but not all, of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span>, the custodian<\/span> need not disclose the assets if segregation of the assets would impose an undue burden on the custodian<\/span>. If the custodian<\/span> believes the direction or request imposes an undue burden, the custodian<\/span> or fiduciary<\/span> may seek an order<\/span> from the court<\/span> to disclose: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A subset limited by date of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> All of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span> to the fiduciary<\/span> or designated recipient<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> None of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> All of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span> to the court<\/span> for review in camera<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROCEDURE FOR DISCLOSING DIGITAL ASSETS (\u00a7 64.2-120)\n\nA. When disclosing digital assets of a user under this article, the custodian\nmay, at its sole discretion:\n\n 1. Grant a fiduciary or designated recipient full access to the user’s\n account;\n\n 2. Grant a fiduciary or designated recipient partial access to the\n user’s account sufficient to perform the tasks with which the fiduciary\n or designated recipient is charged; or\n\n 3. Provide a fiduciary or designated recipient a copy in a record of any\n digital asset that, on the date the custodian received the request for\n disclosure, the user could have accessed if the user were alive and had full\n capacity and access to the account.\n\nB. A custodian may assess a reasonable administrative charge for the cost of\ndisclosing digital assets under this article.\n\nC. A custodian need not disclose under this article a digital asset deleted by a\nuser.\n\nD. If a user directs or a fiduciary requests a custodian to disclose under this\narticle some, but not all, of the user’s digital assets, the custodian\nneed not disclose the assets if segregation of the assets would impose an undue\nburden on the custodian. If the custodian believes the direction or request\nimposes an undue burden, the custodian or fiduciary may seek an order from the\ncourt to disclose:\n\n 1. A subset limited by date of the user’s digital assets;\n\n 2. All of the user’s digital assets to the fiduciary or designated\n recipient;\n\n 3. None of the user’s digital assets; or\n\n 4. All of the user’s digital assets to the court for review in camera.\n\nHISTORY: 2017, cc. 33, 80.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}