{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/64.2-128.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/64.2-128.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/64.2-128.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/64.2-128.html"}],"law_id":76326,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76326,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-128","catch_line":"Disclosure of digital assets to conservator or guardian of protected person","history":"2017, cc. 33, 80.","full_text":"A\n\nAfter an opportunity for a hearing under Chapter 20 (§ 64.2-2000 et seq.), the court may grant a conservator or guardian access to the digital assets of a protected person.B\n\nUnless otherwise ordered by the court or directed by the user, a custodian shall disclose to a conservator or guardian the catalog of electronic communications sent or received by a protected person and any digital assets, other than the content of electronic communications, in which the protected person has a right or interest if the conservator or guardian gives the custodian:1\n\nA written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;2\n\nA certified copy of the court order that gives the conservator or guardian authority over the digital assets of the protected person; and3\n\nIf requested by the custodian:\n\t\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the account of the protected person; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Evidence linking the account to the protected person.C\n\nA conservator with general authority to manage the assets of a protected person or a guardian with specific authority granted by the court may request a custodian of the digital assets of the protected person to suspend or terminate an account of the protected person for good cause. A request made under this section shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the court order giving the conservator or guardian authority over the protected person’s property.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":274003,"text":"After an opportunity for a hearing under Chapter 20 (§ 64.2-2000 et seq.), the court may grant a conservator or guardian access to the digital assets of a protected person.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":274004,"text":"Unless otherwise ordered by the court or directed by the user, a custodian shall disclose to a conservator or guardian the catalog of electronic communications sent or received by a protected person and any digital assets, other than the content of electronic communications, in which the protected person has a right or interest if the conservator or guardian gives the custodian:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":274005,"text":"A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":274006,"text":"A certified copy of the court order that gives the conservator or guardian authority over the digital assets of the protected person; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":274007,"text":"If requested by the custodian:\n\t\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the account of the protected person; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Evidence linking the account to the protected person.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":274008,"text":"A conservator with general authority to manage the assets of a protected person or a guardian with specific authority granted by the court may request a custodian of the digital assets of the protected person to suspend or terminate an account of the protected person for good cause. A request made under this section shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the court order giving the conservator or guardian authority over the protected person’s property.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14246,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act","identifier":"3.1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13832,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:26","permalink":{"id":272841,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14246,"identifier":"3.1","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13832,"edition_id":1,"name":"Definitions and General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13831,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","permalink":{"id":272785,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13832,"identifier":"1","token":"64.2\/I\/1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13831,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12723,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:01","permalink":{"id":272783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13831,"identifier":"I","token":"64.2\/I","url":"\/64.2\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12723,"edition_id":1,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":272781,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12723,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":67884,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-116","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-116\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-116","metadata":false},{"id":66806,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-117","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/64.2-117\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-117","metadata":false},{"id":70167,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-118","catch_line":"User direction for disclosure of digital assets","url":"\/64.2-118\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-118","metadata":false},{"id":55478,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","url":"\/64.2-119\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-119","metadata":false},{"id":70524,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-120","catch_line":"Procedure for disclosing digital assets","url":"\/64.2-120\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","metadata":false},{"id":73213,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},{"id":66625,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-122","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-122\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","metadata":false},{"id":62585,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-123","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal","url":"\/64.2-123\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-123","metadata":false},{"id":62528,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-124","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of 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person","url":"\/64.2-128\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","metadata":false},{"id":73384,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","url":"\/64.2-129\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-129","metadata":false},{"id":84998,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-130","catch_line":"Custodian compliance and immunity","url":"\/64.2-130\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-130","metadata":false},{"id":82638,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-131","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/64.2-131\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-131","metadata":false},{"id":62365,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-132","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/64.2-132\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-132","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":81661,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-127","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets held in trust when trustee is not original user","url":"\/64.2-127\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-127","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":73384,"structure_id":14246,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","url":"\/64.2-129\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-129","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-128\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2017. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 33<\/a> and 80<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":65465,"section_number":"64.2-2000","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-2000\/"}],"permalink":{"id":272891,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76326,"identifier":"64.2-128","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","url":"\/64.2-128\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-128\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","dublin_core":{"Title":"Disclosure of digital assets to conservator or guardian of protected person","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-128","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> After an opportunity for a hearing<\/span> under Chapter 20 (§ 64.2-2000<\/a> et seq.), the court<\/span> may grant a conservator<\/span> or guardian<\/span> access to the digital assets<\/span> of a protected person<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Unless otherwise ordered by the court<\/span> or directed by the user<\/span>, a custodian<\/span> shall disclose to a conservator<\/span> or guardian<\/span> the catalog of electronic communications<\/span> sent or received by a protected person<\/span> and any digital assets<\/span>, other than the content of electronic communications, in which the protected person<\/span> has a right or interest if the conservator<\/span> or guardian<\/span> gives the custodian<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A certified copy of the court order<\/span> that gives the conservator<\/span> or guardian<\/span> authority over the digital assets<\/span> of the protected person<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> If requested by the custodian<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account<\/span> identifier assigned by the custodian<\/span> to identify the account<\/span> of the protected person<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Evidence<\/span> linking the account<\/span> to the protected person<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A conservator<\/span> with general authority to manage the assets of a protected person<\/span> or a guardian<\/span> with specific authority granted by the court may request a custodian<\/span> of the digital assets<\/span> of the protected person<\/span> to suspend or terminate an account<\/span> of the protected person<\/span> for good cause. A request made under this section shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the court order<\/span> giving the conservator<\/span> or guardian<\/span> authority over the protected person<\/span>’s property. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISCLOSURE OF DIGITAL ASSETS TO CONSERVATOR OR GUARDIAN OF PROTECTED PERSON (\u00a7\n64.2-128)\n\nA. After an opportunity for a hearing under Chapter 20 (§ 64.2-2000 et\nseq.), the court may grant a conservator or guardian access to the digital\nassets of a protected person.\n\nB. Unless otherwise ordered by the court or directed by the user, a custodian\nshall disclose to a conservator or guardian the catalog of electronic\ncommunications sent or received by a protected person and any digital assets,\nother than the content of electronic communications, in which the protected\nperson has a right or interest if the conservator or guardian gives the\ncustodian:\n\n 1. A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;\n\n 2. A certified copy of the court order that gives the conservator or guardian\n authority over the digital assets of the protected person; and\n\n 3. If requested by the custodian:\n \t\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account\n identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the account of the protected\n person; or\n \t\t\t\tb. Evidence linking the account to the protected person.\n\nC. A conservator with general authority to manage the assets of a protected\nperson or a guardian with specific authority granted by the court may request a\ncustodian of the digital assets of the protected person to suspend or terminate\nan account of the protected person for good cause. A request made under this\nsection shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the court order giving the\nconservator or guardian authority over the protected person’s property.\n\nHISTORY: 2017, cc. 33, 80.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}