{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/64.2-702.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/64.2-702.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/64.2-702.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/64.2-702.html"}],"law_id":85487,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85487,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-702","catch_line":"Knowledge","history":"2005, c. 935, \u00a7 55-541.04; 2012, c. 614.","full_text":"A\n\nSubject to subsection B, a person has knowledge of a fact if the person:1\n\nHas actual knowledge of it;2\n\nHas received a notice or notification of it; or3\n\nFrom all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know it.B\n\nAn organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or knowledge of a fact involving a trust only from the time the information was received by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would have been brought to the employee’s attention if the organization had exercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee of the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual knows a matter involving the trust would be materially affected by the information.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":306251,"text":"Subject to subsection B, a person has knowledge of a fact if the person:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":306252,"text":"Has actual knowledge of it;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":306253,"text":"Has received a notice or notification of it; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":306254,"text":"From all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know it.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":306255,"text":"An organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or knowledge of a fact involving a trust only from the time the information was received by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would have been brought to the employee’s attention if the organization had exercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee of the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual knows a matter involving the trust would be materially affected by the information.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14203,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12725,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","permalink":{"id":274109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14203,"identifier":"1","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12725,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Trust Code","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12724,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":274107,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12725,"identifier":"7","token":"64.2\/III\/7","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12724,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trusts","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12723,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":273811,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12724,"identifier":"III","token":"64.2\/III","url":"\/64.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12723,"edition_id":1,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":272781,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12723,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":77403,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-700","catch_line":"Scope","url":"\/64.2-700\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-700","metadata":false},{"id":80693,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-701","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-701\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-701","metadata":false},{"id":85487,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-702","catch_line":"Knowledge","url":"\/64.2-702\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-702","metadata":false},{"id":86944,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-703","catch_line":"Default and mandatory rules","url":"\/64.2-703\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-703","metadata":false},{"id":70374,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-704","catch_line":"Common law of trusts; principles of equity","url":"\/64.2-704\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-704","metadata":false},{"id":78961,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-705","catch_line":"Governing law","url":"\/64.2-705\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-705","metadata":false},{"id":85685,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-706","catch_line":"Principal place of administration","url":"\/64.2-706\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-706","metadata":false},{"id":56469,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-707","catch_line":"Methods and waiver of notice","url":"\/64.2-707\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-707","metadata":false},{"id":76542,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-708","catch_line":"Others treated as qualified beneficiaries","url":"\/64.2-708\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-708","metadata":false},{"id":55392,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-709","catch_line":"Nonjudicial settlement agreements","url":"\/64.2-709\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-709","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80693,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-701","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-701\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-701","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86944,"structure_id":14203,"section_number":"64.2-703","catch_line":"Default and mandatory rules","url":"\/64.2-703\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-703","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-702\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 935<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2012, chapter 614<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":274119,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85487,"identifier":"64.2-702","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-702","url":"\/64.2-702\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-702\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/1\/64.2-702","dublin_core":{"Title":"Knowledge","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-702","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Subject to subsection B, a person<\/span> has knowledge of a fact<\/span> if the person<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Has actual knowledge of it; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Has received a notice or notification of it; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> From all the facts<\/span> and circumstances known to the person<\/span> at the time in question, has reason to know it. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> An organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or knowledge of a fact<\/span> involving a trust only from the time the information was received by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would have been brought to the employee’s attention if the organization had exercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee of the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual knows a matter involving the trust would be materially affected by the information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nKNOWLEDGE (\u00a7 64.2-702)\n\nA. Subject to subsection B, a person has knowledge of a fact if the person:\n\n 1. Has actual knowledge of it;\n\n 2. Has received a notice or notification of it; or\n\n 3. From all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in\n question, has reason to know it.\n\nB. An organization that conducts activities through employees has notice or\nknowledge of a fact involving a trust only from the time the information was\nreceived by an employee having responsibility to act for the trust, or would\nhave been brought to the employee’s attention if the organization had\nexercised reasonable diligence. An organization exercises reasonable diligence\nif it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to\nthe employee having responsibility to act for the trust and there is reasonable\ncompliance with the routines. Reasonable diligence does not require an employee\nof the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part\nof the individual’s regular duties or the individual knows a matter\ninvolving the trust would be materially affected by the information.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, c. 935, \u00a7 55-541.04; 2012, c. 614.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}