{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/64.2-779.28.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/64.2-779.28.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/64.2-779.28.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/64.2-779.28.html"}],"law_id":53942,"edition_id":1,"section_id":53942,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.28","catch_line":"Exclusions","history":"2020, c. 768.","full_text":"A\n\nThis article does not apply to a:1\n\nPower of appointment;2\n\nPower to appoint or remove a trustee or trust director;3\n\nPower of a settlor over a trust to the extent the settlor has a power to revoke the trust;4\n\nPower of a beneficiary over a trust to the extent the exercise or nonexercise of the power affects the beneficial interest of:\n\t\t\t\ta. The beneficiary; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Another beneficiary represented by the beneficiary under Article 3 (§ 64.2-714 et seq.) with respect to the exercise or nonexercise of the power;5\n\nPower over a trust if:\n\t\t\t\ta. The terms of the trust provide that the power is held in a nonfiduciary capacity; and\n\t\t\t\tb. The power must be held in a nonfiduciary capacity to achieve the settlor’s tax objectives under the United States Internal Revenue Code; or6\n\nPower over a trust if the terms of the trust provide that the Uniform Directed Trust Act does not apply to the trust.B\n\nUnless the terms of a trust provide otherwise, a power granted to a person to designate a recipient of an ownership interest in or power of appointment over trust property which is exercisable while the person is not serving as a trustee is a power of appointment and not a power of direction.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":198094,"text":"This article does not apply to a:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":198095,"text":"Power of appointment;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":198096,"text":"Power to appoint or remove a trustee or trust director;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":198097,"text":"Power of a settlor over a trust to the extent the settlor has a power to revoke the trust;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":198098,"text":"Power of a beneficiary over a trust to the extent the exercise or nonexercise of the power affects the beneficial interest of:\n\t\t\t\ta. The beneficiary; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Another beneficiary represented by the beneficiary under Article 3 (§ 64.2-714 et seq.) with respect to the exercise or nonexercise of the power;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":198099,"text":"Power over a trust if:\n\t\t\t\ta. The terms of the trust provide that the power is held in a nonfiduciary capacity; and\n\t\t\t\tb. The power must be held in a nonfiduciary capacity to achieve the settlor’s tax objectives under the United States Internal Revenue Code; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"6":{"id":198100,"text":"Power over a trust if the terms of the trust provide that the Uniform Directed Trust Act does not apply to the trust.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"B"},"7":{"id":198101,"text":"Unless the terms of a trust provide otherwise, a power granted to a person to designate a recipient of an ownership interest in or power of appointment over trust property which is exercisable while the person is not serving as a trustee is a power of appointment and not a power of direction.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A6"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12726,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Directed Trust Act","identifier":"8.2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12725,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":274631,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12726,"identifier":"8.2","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12725,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Trust Code","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12724,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":274107,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12725,"identifier":"7","token":"64.2\/III\/7","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12724,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trusts","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12723,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":273811,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12724,"identifier":"III","token":"64.2\/III","url":"\/64.2\/III\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12723,"edition_id":1,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":272781,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12723,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70126,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.26","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-779.26\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.26","metadata":false},{"id":64385,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.27","catch_line":"Application","url":"\/64.2-779.27\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.27","metadata":false},{"id":53942,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.28","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/64.2-779.28\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.28","metadata":false},{"id":61542,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.29","catch_line":"Powers of trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.29\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.29","metadata":false},{"id":72926,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.30","catch_line":"Limitations on trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.30\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.30","metadata":false},{"id":71632,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.31","catch_line":"Duty and liability of trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.31\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.31","metadata":false},{"id":60365,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.32","catch_line":"Duty and liability of directed trustee","url":"\/64.2-779.32\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.32","metadata":false},{"id":82273,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.33","catch_line":"Duty to provide information to trust director or trustee","url":"\/64.2-779.33\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.33","metadata":false},{"id":56442,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.34","catch_line":"No duty to monitor, inform, or advise","url":"\/64.2-779.34\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.34","metadata":false},{"id":71421,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.35","catch_line":"Limitation of action against trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.35\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.35","metadata":false},{"id":60217,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.36","catch_line":"Defenses in action against trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.36\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.36","metadata":false},{"id":64434,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.37","catch_line":"Jurisdiction over trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.37\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.37","metadata":false},{"id":55343,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.38","catch_line":"Office of trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.38\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.38","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64385,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.27","catch_line":"Application","url":"\/64.2-779.27\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.27","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":61542,"structure_id":12726,"section_number":"64.2-779.29","catch_line":"Powers of trust director","url":"\/64.2-779.29\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.29","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-779.28\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 768<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80693,"section_number":"64.2-701","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-701\/"},{"id":64385,"section_number":"64.2-779.27","catch_line":"Application","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-779.27\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":87339,"section_number":"64.2-714","catch_line":"Representation; basic effect","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-714\/"}],"permalink":{"id":274641,"object_type":"law","relational_id":53942,"identifier":"64.2-779.28","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.28","url":"\/64.2-779.28\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-779.28\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8.2\/64.2-779.28","dublin_core":{"Title":"Exclusions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-779.28","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> This article does not apply to a: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Power of appointment<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Power to appoint or remove a trustee<\/span> or trust director<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Power of a settlor over a trust to the extent the settlor has a power to revoke the trust; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Power of a beneficiary<\/span> over a trust to the extent the exercise or nonexercise of the power affects the beneficial interest of:\n\t\t\t\ta. The beneficiary<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tb. Another beneficiary<\/span> represented by the beneficiary<\/span> under Article 3 (§ 64.2-714<\/a> et seq.) with respect to the exercise or nonexercise of the power; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Power over a trust if:\n\t\t\t\ta. The terms of the trust provide that the power is held in a nonfiduciary capacity; and\n\t\t\t\tb. The power must be held in a nonfiduciary capacity to achieve the settlor’s tax objectives under the United States<\/span> Internal Revenue Code; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Power over a trust if the terms of the trust provide that the Uniform Directed Trust<\/span> Act does not apply to the trust. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Unless the terms of a trust provide otherwise, a power granted to a person<\/span> to designate a recipient of an ownership interest in or power of appointment<\/span> over trust property<\/span> which is exercisable while the person<\/span> is not serving as a trustee<\/span> is a power of appointment<\/span> and not a power of direction<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXCLUSIONS (\u00a7 64.2-779.28)\n\nA. This article does not apply to a:\n\n 1. Power of appointment;\n\n 2. Power to appoint or remove a trustee or trust director;\n\n 3. Power of a settlor over a trust to the extent the settlor has a power to\n revoke the trust;\n\n 4. Power of a beneficiary over a trust to the extent the exercise or\n nonexercise of the power affects the beneficial interest of:\n \t\t\t\ta. The beneficiary; or\n \t\t\t\tb. Another beneficiary represented by the beneficiary under Article 3\n (§ 64.2-714 et seq.) with respect to the exercise or nonexercise of the\n power;\n\n 5. Power over a trust if:\n \t\t\t\ta. The terms of the trust provide that the power is held in a nonfiduciary\n capacity; and\n \t\t\t\tb. The power must be held in a nonfiduciary capacity to achieve the\n settlor’s tax objectives under the United States Internal Revenue Code;\n or\n\n 6. Power over a trust if the terms of the trust provide that the Uniform\n Directed Trust Act does not apply to the trust.\n\nB. Unless the terms of a trust provide otherwise, a power granted to a person to\ndesignate a recipient of an ownership interest in or power of appointment over\ntrust property which is exercisable while the person is not serving as a trustee\nis a power of appointment and not a power of direction.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, c. 768.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}