{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-225.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-225.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-225.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-225.3.html"}],"law_id":63782,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63782,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.3","catch_line":"Immunity for volunteer first responders en route to an emergency","history":"2015, c. 417.","full_text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no volunteer firefighter or volunteer emergency medical services personnel shall be liable for any injury to persons or property arising out of the operation of an emergency vehicle as defined in \u00a7 46.2-920 when such volunteer is en route to respond to a fire or to render emergency care or assistance to any ill or injured person at the scene of an accident, fire, or life-threatening emergency and the emergency vehicle displays warning lights as provided in \u00a7 46.2-1022 or 46.2-1023 and sounds a siren, exhaust whistle, or air horn, unless such injury results from gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. The immunity provided by this section shall be in addition to, not in lieu of, any other applicable immunity provided by state or federal law, including \u00a7 2.2-3605 or 27-6.02.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":232375,"text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no volunteer firefighter or volunteer emergency medical services personnel shall be liable for any injury to persons or property arising out of the operation of an emergency vehicle as defined in \u00a7 46.2-920 when such volunteer is en route to respond to a fire or to render emergency care or assistance to any ill or injured person at the scene of an accident, fire, or life-threatening emergency and the emergency vehicle displays warning lights as provided in \u00a7 46.2-1022 or 46.2-1023 and sounds a siren, exhaust whistle, or air horn, unless such injury results from gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. The immunity provided by this section shall be in addition to, not in lieu of, any other applicable immunity provided by state or federal law, including \u00a7 2.2-3605 or 27-6.02.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13673,"edition_id":1,"name":"Miscellaneous Provisions","identifier":"21","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12886,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:31","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:31","permalink":{"id":280429,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13673,"identifier":"21","token":"8.01\/3\/21","url":"\/8.01\/3\/21\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12886,"edition_id":1,"name":"Actions","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":279635,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12886,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":85637,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-218","catch_line":"Replevin abolished","url":"\/8.01-218\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-218","metadata":false},{"id":63478,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-219","catch_line":"Effect of judgment in trover","url":"\/8.01-219\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-219","metadata":false},{"id":69240,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-219.1","catch_line":"Responsibility of possessor of real property for harm to trespasser","url":"\/8.01-219.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-219.1","metadata":false},{"id":59967,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220","catch_line":"Action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and seduction abolished","url":"\/8.01-220\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220","metadata":false},{"id":81694,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1","catch_line":"Defense of interspousal immunity abolished as to certain causes of action arising on or after July 1, 1981","url":"\/8.01-220.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1","metadata":false},{"id":63670,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1:1","catch_line":"Civil immunity for officers, partners, members, managers, trustees and directors of certain tax exempt organizations","url":"\/8.01-220.1_1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":63952,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1:2","catch_line":"Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances","url":"\/8.01-220.1_2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1_2","metadata":false},{"id":83867,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1:3","catch_line":"Immunity for members of church, synagogue or religious body","url":"\/8.01-220.1_3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1_3","metadata":false},{"id":79768,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1:4","catch_line":"Civil immunity for officers and directors of certain nonprofit organizations","url":"\/8.01-220.1_4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1_4","metadata":false},{"id":61961,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.1:5","catch_line":"Defense of intra-family immunity abolished for wrongful death actions","url":"\/8.01-220.1_5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.1_5","metadata":false},{"id":61070,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-220.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.01-220.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-220.2","metadata":false},{"id":70962,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-221","catch_line":"Damages from violation of statute, remedy therefor and penalty","url":"\/8.01-221\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-221","metadata":false},{"id":81058,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-221.1","catch_line":"Unestablished business damages; lost profits","url":"\/8.01-221.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-221.1","metadata":false},{"id":69806,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-221.2","catch_line":"Rescission; undue influence; attorney fees","url":"\/8.01-221.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-221.2","metadata":false},{"id":67700,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-222","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.01-222\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-222","metadata":false},{"id":65318,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-223","catch_line":"Lack of privity no defense in certain cases","url":"\/8.01-223\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-223","metadata":false},{"id":82274,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-223.1","catch_line":"Use of constitutional rights","url":"\/8.01-223.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-223.1","metadata":false},{"id":63965,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-223.2","catch_line":"Immunity of persons for statements made at public hearing or communicated to third party","url":"\/8.01-223.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-223.2","metadata":false},{"id":79300,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-224","catch_line":"Defense of governmental immunity not available to certain persons in actions for damages from blasting, etc","url":"\/8.01-224\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-224","metadata":false},{"id":72312,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225","catch_line":"Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability","url":"\/8.01-225\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225","metadata":false},{"id":86816,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.01","catch_line":"Certain immunity for health care providers during disasters under specific circumstances","url":"\/8.01-225.01\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.01","metadata":false},{"id":54649,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.02","catch_line":"Certain liability protection for health care providers during disasters","url":"\/8.01-225.02\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.02","metadata":false},{"id":74491,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.03","catch_line":"Certain immunity for certain hospices, home care organizations, private providers, assisted living facilities, and adult day centers during a disaster under specific circumstances","url":"\/8.01-225.03\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.03","metadata":false},{"id":79175,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.1","catch_line":"Immunity for team physicians","url":"\/8.01-225.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.1","metadata":false},{"id":59977,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.2","catch_line":"Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals","url":"\/8.01-225.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.2","metadata":false},{"id":63782,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.3","catch_line":"Immunity for volunteer first responders en route to an emergency","url":"\/8.01-225.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.3","metadata":false},{"id":61793,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226","catch_line":"Duty of care to law-enforcement officers, firefighters, etc","url":"\/8.01-226\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226","metadata":false},{"id":69442,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.1","catch_line":"Civil immunity when participating in Lawyers Helping Lawyers","url":"\/8.01-226.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.1","metadata":false},{"id":56516,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.10","catch_line":"Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check","url":"\/8.01-226.10\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.10","metadata":false},{"id":69522,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.11","catch_line":"Civil immunity for operation of victim notification program","url":"\/8.01-226.11\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.11","metadata":false},{"id":58887,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.12","catch_line":"Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold","url":"\/8.01-226.12\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.12","metadata":false},{"id":55958,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.13","catch_line":"Limited standing to seek injunctive relief against manufacturing companies","url":"\/8.01-226.13\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.13","metadata":false},{"id":55544,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.2","catch_line":"Civil immunity for licensed professional engineers and licensed architects participating in rescue or relief assistance","url":"\/8.01-226.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.2","metadata":false},{"id":61582,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.3","catch_line":"Civil immunity for officers, directors and members of certain crime information-gathering organizations","url":"\/8.01-226.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.3","metadata":false},{"id":82193,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.4","catch_line":"Civil immunity for hospice volunteers","url":"\/8.01-226.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.4","metadata":false},{"id":61924,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.5","catch_line":"Immunity for installers and inspectors of child restraint devices","url":"\/8.01-226.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.5","metadata":false},{"id":64301,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.5:1","catch_line":"Civil immunity for school board employees supervising self-administration of certain medication","url":"\/8.01-226.5_1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.5_1","metadata":false},{"id":77445,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.5:2","catch_line":"Immunity of hospital and emergency medical services agency personnel for the acceptance of certain infants","url":"\/8.01-226.5_2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.5_2","metadata":false},{"id":67620,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.6","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.01-226.6\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.6","metadata":false},{"id":79443,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.7","catch_line":"Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity","url":"\/8.01-226.7\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.7","metadata":false},{"id":76775,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.8","catch_line":"Civil immunity for public and nonprofit corporation officials and private volunteers participating in certain programs for probationers","url":"\/8.01-226.8\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.8","metadata":false},{"id":81275,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226.9","catch_line":"Exemption from civil liability in connection with arrest or detention of person suspected of shoplifting","url":"\/8.01-226.9\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226.9","metadata":false},{"id":67597,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-227","catch_line":"Remedy by motion on certain bonds given or taken by officers; notice","url":"\/8.01-227\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-227","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":59977,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-225.2","catch_line":"Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals","url":"\/8.01-225.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":61793,"structure_id":13673,"section_number":"8.01-226","catch_line":"Duty of care to law-enforcement officers, firefighters, etc","url":"\/8.01-226\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-226","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-225.3\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2015. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?151+ful+CHAP0417\">417<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":75721,"section_number":"2.2-3605","catch_line":"Volunteer benefits","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3605\/"},{"id":86797,"section_number":"27-6.02","catch_line":"Provision of firefighting services","order_by":null,"url":"\/27-6.02\/"},{"id":60736,"section_number":"46.2-1022","catch_line":"Flashing or steady-burning blue or red, flashing red and blue or blue and white, or red, white, and blue warning lights","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1022\/"},{"id":78077,"section_number":"46.2-1023","catch_line":"Flashing red or red and white warning lights","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1023\/"},{"id":56835,"section_number":"46.2-920","catch_line":"Certain vehicles exempt from regulations in certain situations; exceptions and additional requirements","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-920\/"}],"permalink":{"id":280531,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63782,"identifier":"8.01-225.3","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.3","url":"\/8.01-225.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-225.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/21\/8.01-225.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Immunity for volunteer first responders en route to an emergency","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-225.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Notwithstanding any other provision of <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, no volunteer firefighter or volunteer emergency medical services personnel shall be liable for any injury to <span class=\"dictionary\">persons<\/span> or property arising out of the operation of an emergency vehicle as defined in \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Certain vehicles exempt from regulations in certain situations; exceptions and additional requirements\" href=\"\/46.2-920\/\">46.2-920<\/a> when such volunteer is en route to respond to a fire or to render emergency care or assistance to any ill or injured <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> at the scene of an accident, fire, or life-threatening emergency and the emergency vehicle displays warning lights as provided in \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Flashing or steady-burning blue or red, flashing red and blue or blue and white, or red, white, and blue warning lights\" href=\"\/46.2-1022\/\">46.2-1022<\/a> or <a class=\"law\" title=\"Flashing red or red and white warning lights\" href=\"\/46.2-1023\/\">46.2-1023<\/a> and sounds a siren, exhaust whistle, or air horn, unless such injury results from gross <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span> or willful or wanton misconduct. The immunity provided by this section shall be in addition to, not in lieu of, any other applicable immunity provided by state or federal <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, including \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Volunteer benefits\" href=\"\/2.2-3605\/\">2.2-3605<\/a> or <a class=\"law\" title=\"Provision of firefighting services\" href=\"\/27-6.02\/\">27-6.02<\/a>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMMUNITY FOR VOLUNTEER FIRST RESPONDERS EN ROUTE TO AN EMERGENCY (\u00a7 8.01-225.3)\n\nNotwithstanding any other provision of law, no volunteer firefighter or\nvolunteer emergency medical services personnel shall be liable for any injury to\npersons or property arising out of the operation of an emergency vehicle as\ndefined in \u00a7 46.2-920 when such volunteer is en route to respond to a fire or\nto render emergency care or assistance to any ill or injured person at the scene\nof an accident, fire, or life-threatening emergency and the emergency vehicle\ndisplays warning lights as provided in \u00a7 46.2-1022 or 46.2-1023 and sounds a\nsiren, exhaust whistle, or air horn, unless such injury results from gross\nnegligence or willful or wanton misconduct. The immunity provided by this\nsection shall be in addition to, not in lieu of, any other applicable immunity\nprovided by state or federal law, including \u00a7 2.2-3605 or 27-6.02.\n\nHISTORY: 2015, c. 417.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}